长期给予吗啡降低大鼠的听觉惊跳反射和惊跳反射弱刺激抑制

在药物成瘾过程中,多巴胺系统起着至关重要的作用,大多数成瘾性药物都是通过影响多巴胺系统使机体产生依赖性.而多巴胺系统也同样是感觉运动门控功能的主要神经基础.尤其是中脑边缘系统的多巴胺系统在这两种行为中都起很重要的作用.但是这两种行为是如何相互作用、相互影响的还不是很清楚.本实验室曾报道了吗啡如何影响海马区的感觉门控功能.本文研究了吗啡如何影响大鼠的感觉运动门控功能.在吗啡给予前,吗啡给予期间(10天)以及吗啡戒断期间,我们检测了大鼠的感觉运动门控功能.用到的指标为惊跳反射和惊跳前脉冲抑制,这两种指标也是研究精神分裂症的重要手段.其中惊跳反射的声音强度为115分贝,前脉冲声音强度测试了3个水平,分别为70,75,80分贝.研究发现,在吗啡给予期间,惊跳反射的强度降低,而戒断期间不受影响.前脉冲抑制功能在吗啡给予的后2天显著降低,而在吗啡戒断后恢复.

Helminth parasites of Caspian kilka (genus Clupeonella) as bioindicators of heavy metals

In the present study, intestinal helminth parasite fauna of 398 specimens of three species of kilkas, C. engrauliformis (N= 92), C. grimmi (N= 136) and C. cultriventris (N= 170) from Babolsar harbor were investigated. Five parasite species were found including: Corynosoma strumosum (Acanthocephala), Pronoprymna ventricosa (Trematoda), Contracaecum sp. (Nematoda), Raphidascaris sp. (Nematoda) and Anisakis sp. (Nematoda). The highest prevalence and abundance were observed in C. strumosum and P. ventricosa. The prevalence and abundance of C. strumosum in C. grimmi was significantly higher than C. engrauliformis. The prevalence and abundance of P. ventricosa in C. cultriventris was significantly higher than C. engrauliformis. The prevalence, mean intensity and mean abundance of the parasites were compared according to the sex, length group and season also effect of parasite on host growth parameters was considered. The diversity, equability, similarity, species richness, dominance Indices and specificity indices of helminth parasites of the three host species were studied. Also the lead and cadmium concentrations in the intestine, muscle, liver, kidney and gonad of kilkas and their parasites C. strumosum and P. ventricosa were measured and compared. The results revealed that lead and cadmium concentrations in C. strumosum and P. ventricosa were significantly higher than kidney, liver, intestine, gonad and muscle. The lead and cadmium concentrations of the parasites were compared according to the sex, parasitism and season.

基因工程化分泌神经营养因子一3的鼠胚神经干细胞实验研究

：探索以Lentivirus为载体，构建同时表达绿色荧光蛋白(GFP)和神经营养因子一3(NT一3)的基因工程化鼠胚神经于细胞(NSC)的可行性。方法：体外分离培养鼠胚NSC，用同时携带NT一3和GFP的lentivirus转染构建工程化NSC；用荧光显微镜、鼠胚背根神经结培养(Dorsal Root Ganglion，DRG)、Westem blot等方法检测基因工程NSC 的转基因表达。结果：荧光显微镜观察到几乎100％的工程化NSC表达GFP：DRG培养和Westem blot检测到基因工程化NSC能高效分泌NT一3蛋白。结论：以IJentivirus为载体，构建同时携带并稳定表达GFP和N‘r_3的基因工程化鼠胚NSC是可行的，可为脊髓损伤基础研究提供有价值的细胞资源。

The intelligent product driven supply chain

Establishing connectivity of products with real-time information about themselves can at one level provide accurate data, and at another, allow products to assess and influence their own destiny. In this way, the specification for an intelligent product is being built - one whose information content is permanently bound to its material content. This paper explores the impact of such development on supply chains, contrasting between simple and complex product supply chains. The Auto-ID project is on track to enable such connectivity between products and information using a single, open-standard, data repository for storage and retrieval of product information. The potential impact on the design and management of supply chains is immense. This paper provides an introduction to of some of these changes, demonstrating that by enabling intelligent products, Auto ID systems will be instrumental in driving future supply chains. The paper also identifies specific application areas for this technology in the product supply chain.

Habitat degradation of Rhinopithecus bieti in Yunnan, China

Black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti) are endemic to the Trans-Himalayas in Northwest Yunnan and Southeast Tibet between the upper Yangtze and Mekong Rivers. Based on field surveys and previous reports, we identified the dark-coniferous forest, the mixed coniferous and broadleaf forest, and oak patches as suitable habitats (SH) for the monkeys. Summer grazing lands (SGL), which were made by local people cutting and burning the dark-coniferous forest at the high altitude belt, replaced SH. To have a general view of the status of the SH in Yunnan, we estimated the areas of SH and SGL from satellite images in 1997, and compared with areas estimated from aerial photo-based maps (ca. 1958). The work resulted in: 1) the area of SH was 4,169 km(2) in 1997; 2) SGL was 1,923 km(2); 3) during the past 40 years, the area of SH decreased by 31% (1,887 km(2)), and SGL increased by 204% (1,291 km(2)); and 4) the mean size of forest patches decreased from 15.6 to 5.4 km(2). In addition, the area of SGL is positively correlated to local human population (R-2 greater than or equal to0.53), implying that the reduction and fragmentation of habitat for Rhinopithecus bieti is a result of population growth of humans, who mostly employ traditional modes of production. Only 11 monkey groups remained in the changing habitat. Considering that forests at lower elevation were also encroached upon by farmlands in a similar way, the forest ecosystem is highly threatened. The destruction will continue unless there is a change in the mode of production in the region.

焦酚对蓝藻和绿藻生长、光合色素及微量元素的作用

研究了焦酚对4种常见蓝藻和绿藻的生长影响.结果表明,焦酚对几种藻的生长具有抑制作用.相同的处理浓度,4种藻生长率从小到大依次是:铜绿微囊藻(Microcystic aeruginosa)、羊角月牙藻(Selenastrum capri-cornutum)、蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella pyrenoidosa)、水华鱼腥藻(Anabaena flos-aquae).焦酚作用后铜绿微囊藻和羊角月牙藻的叶绿素a和胡萝卜素的含量有显著的变化,随着焦酚浓度的升高,铜绿微囊藻和羊角月牙藻叶绿素a和胡萝卜素含量减少

饲料碳水化合物水平对南方鲇生长的影响

2002年6—8月对南方鲇(SilurusmeridionalisChen)(初始体重12.93±0.13g)进行人工配合饲料的喂养实验。实验以白鱼粉、玉米油、糊化玉米淀粉分别作为蛋白质、脂肪和碳水化合物(CBH)原料。配制等蛋白质(含量为40%),等脂肪(含量为10%),不同CBH梯度的6组饲料,饲料CBH水平分别设计为0%,6%,12%,18%,24%,30%。实验每水平设4个重复,采用室内循环水养殖系统,在27.5℃下以饱足日粮水平喂养8周。实验结果表明:随着饲料淀粉水平的增加,摄食率和生长率呈先增

红鳍原鲌鳃部寄生单殖吸虫的种群研究

单殖吸虫的感染率和丰盛度表现出明显的季节变化。三种指环虫的丰盛度高峰依次出现在 4、6、8月。单殖吸虫对寄生部位的选择性与种群数量有关 ,时间生态位的分离 ,正是种间竞争的结果。

家用洗涤剂对鱼的急性毒性

国家自然科学基金（39870157）