塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工绿地土壤中微生物的生态分布及其与土壤因子间的关系

对咸水灌溉条件下的塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地人工绿地土壤微生物的分布规律和环境因子对土壤微生物分布的影响进行了研究 .结果表明 ,人工绿地建成后 ,土壤结构和养分状况得到改善 ,土壤微生物在时间和地域分布上呈现明显的规律性 .土壤微生物区系组成中 ,细菌占绝对优势 ,放线菌次之 ,真菌最少 ;表层微生物数量远多于下层土壤 ;林地外围距林缘近的土壤微生物数量较多 ,3m以外微生物数量已接近流沙微生物量 ;3类土壤微生物分布具有不同的季节性规律 ,且不同立地类型土壤微生物分布差异显著 .土壤速效磷、速效氮、全N对微生物的分布有较大的直接作用 ,通径系数为 1 .0 1～ 2 .58.速效磷 速效钾、有机质 速效钾、速效氮 速效钾、速效氮 效磷速、有机质 速效磷、速效磷 速效氮、全N 速效钾、速效钾 速效磷、全N 速效磷和含水量 速效氮之间的间接作用对微生物影响较明显 ,作用系数为 1 .37～ 2 .58,其余因素的作用相对不显著

Voronoi图用于确定城市经济影响区域的空间组织

确定城市经济影响区域的空间组织是一项十分复杂的工作,在区域规划和城市规划中有着重要的理论和实际意义.目前,通常是利用数理统计的方法进行城市的分级,并以此来确定区域中的中心城市,未充分考虑区域空间中城市之间的竞争关系;确定城市经济影响区域时,往往采用断裂点公式来划定两两城市之间的分界线,当城市的数量较多时,这种方法有困难且工作十分繁杂.本研究提出可以用Voronoi图来确定各级城市的空间影响区,并利用Voronoi多边形邻居关系的性质来确定城市体系中不同等级城市之间的空间组织关系.

镍氢电池复合贮氢合金负极材料的研究进展

根据复合贮氢合金的母体类型即AB5型稀土合金、AB2型Laves相合金、A2B或AB型Mg系合金、V基bcc固溶体型合金和La-Mg-Ni系新型合金,将Ni/MH电池复合贮氢合金负极材料分为相应的5种类型;综述了此类材料的制备方法、微观结构与电化学性能、分析表征方法及机制研究等,提出了目前研究中存在的问题与不足,并对该类材料的研究发展做了展望。

保水剂研究进展及应用

介绍了国内外保水剂的种类、制备、性能、在农业中的应用等方面的最新研究进展。

一种新型生化需氧量传感器的研制

目的　研制快速测定生化需氧量 (BOD)的方法。方法　应用溶胶 凝胶有机 无机杂化材料,采用包埋法固定异常汉逊酵母菌,制备微生物膜。该微生物膜与氧电极结合制成传感器。传感器测试的最佳条件为 :pH70;28℃ ;响应时间 3～12min。用该传感器测定了单纯有机物、生活污水及回收率。结果　经过对多种有机物测定表明该BOD微生物传感器可监测氨基酸类、糖类等多种有机物,适合于生活污水及某些含醇类、酚类等有机物浓度小的工业废水的测定。微生物膜可连续保存 3个月仍能保存其活性的 70 %。经测定生活污水的回收率在90%～105%之间。结论　这种微生物传感器可成功进行BOD的测定,检测速度快,操作与制备简便 ,灵敏度高,适用范围广,成本低,易保存,性能稳定,简化了传统的测定分析,具有很好的实用意义。

刺五加叶中黄酮类化合物的分析

利用电喷雾多级串联质谱 (ESI MSn)技术 ,分析了刺五加叶中黄酮类化合物 ,并根据黄酮类化合物的特征显色反应 ,采用紫外 可见分光光度法 ,对刺五加叶中总黄酮的含量进行了测定。分析结果表明 :刺五加叶含有槲皮素及其相关的黄酮甙类化合物 ,其含量达 37.2 5 %。

碳酸乙烯酯(EC)增塑的(PEO)_(16)LiClO_4聚电解质电导率的研究

采用差示扫描量热法 (DSC)和交流阻抗方法对EC增塑的 (PEO) 16 LiClO4 聚电解质进行了研究。结果表明 (PEO) 16 LiClO4 /EC体系的玻璃化转变温度 (tg)及PEO的结晶度 (Xc)降低 ,电导率 (б)增加 ,且б与温度 (T)的关系符合Arrhenius行为。提出了离子导电聚电解质 /不锈钢 (SS)这种结构的界面双层结构和交流阻抗谱图的模拟等效电路

表面等离子体共振免疫传感的放大检测研究

表面等离子体共振免疫传感器是一类相对新型的免疫检测技术。将链霉亲和素 生物素系统用于表面等离子体共振免疫传感的信号放大 ,实时检测了人免疫球蛋白G(hIgG)的蛋白浓度。发生免疫反应的传感片和生物素化抗体反应后 ,传感片表面的一层生物素分子随后与链霉亲和素 生物素化抗体复合物中的链霉亲和素的活性位点发生亲和反应 ,从而使传感片表面特异健合的物质质量显著增加 ,大大提高了免疫检测的灵敏度和检测限。免疫反应经放大后 ,可检测 0 0 0 5～ 10 μg/mL浓度区间内的hIgG

Synthesis and characterization of thermotropic liquid crystalline poly(ester imide)s

Two closely series of poly(ester imide)s had been synthesized by solution polycondensation of p-phenylenebis(trimellitate) dianhydride with aliphatic diamines. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) traces of the most poly(ester imide)s exhibited two endotherms representing the solid state to anisotropic phase transition (T-m1) and the anisotropic to isotropic melt transition (T-m2), respectively. Observation under polarizing microscope and wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) measurements suggested that the anisotropic phase formed above the melting paints (T-m1) had a smectic character. The thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) revealed that the thermal stabilities of the poly(ester imide)s were up to 350 degrees C. (C) 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Developing molecular identification numbers by an all-paths method

A new topological index is devised from an all-paths method. This molecular topological index has highly discriminating power for various kinds of organic compounds such as alkane trees, complex cyclic or polycyclic graphs, and structures containing heteroatoms and thus can be used as a Molecular IDentification number (MID) for chemical documentation. Some published MIDs derived from an all-paths method and their structural selectivity for alkane trees are also reviewed.

Copolymerization of styrene with butadiene and isoprene using a rare earth catalyst

In the copolymerization of styrene-butadiene and styrene-isoprene, a novel rare earth catalyst system (CF3CO2)(3)Ln/R(3-n)AlH(n)/(CH3)(3)CCH2Br (Ln = Y, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu; R = Me-, Et-, i-Bu-, and Oct-; n = 0 and 1) has been studied. The 1, 4 unit contents in the copolymers obtained are found to range from 64.4 to 99.6% with St contents of 5.2 to 59.9%, and intrinsic viscosities of 0.1 to 0.5 dl g(-1) measured by i.r., H-1 n.m.r. and C-13 n.m.r. spectra. From the calculated data of linked ratios, a change in the microstructure is induced by the styrene unit, probably adjacent to the butadiene or isoprene unit. An interesting result is that the ratios of styrene unit linked with 1, 2 or 3,4 units in the copolymers are far higher than in copolymers obtained with the nickel catalyst. The experimental results are discussed in terms of rare earth pi-allyl coordination and back-biting mechanism.

VOLTAMMETRY OF CYTOCHROME-C ENTRAPPED IN HYDROGEL MEMBRANE ON GRAPHITE ELECTRODE

The voltammetric behavior of cytochrome c entrapped in hydrogel membranes at paraffin wax-impregnated spectroscopic graphite electrodes (WISGE) was studied in this paper. A pair of well-defined peaks appeared at +70 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl). Beside these two peaks, another pair of peaks emerged at around +225 mV. Further investigations suggested that at least three states of cytochrome c existed in the membranes due to the special structure of the hydrogel. The native conformation of cytochrome c molecules was stabilized by the hydrophilic environment that was formed by the hydroxyl structure of the membranes and facilitated the cytochrome c electron transfer reaction at +70 mV. The molecules directly adsorbed on the surface of the graphite electrode were responsible for the redox peaks at around +225 mV. Whether the adsorption peaks were detectable or not was related to the thickness of membranes and the pre-retaining time before the formation of membranes.

Analysis of diets of upland buzzards using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes

We measured the stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios for muscles of the upland buzzards (Buteo hemilasius) and their potential food sources, plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae), Qinghai voles (Lasiopodomys fuscus), plateau zokors (Myospalax fontanierii), and several passerine bird species at the alpine meadow in Maduo county, Guoluo prefecture of Qinghai province, People's Republic of China, to provide diet information of upland buzzards, highlighting different diet composition of upland buzzards exposed to different locations. The results demonstrated that stable carbon isotope ratios of upland buzzards, passerine birds, plateau pikas, plateau zokors, and Qinghai voles were -24.42 +/- 0.25parts per thousand, -22.89 +/- 1.48parts per thousand, -25.30 +/- 1.47parts per thousand, -25.78 +/- 0.22parts per thousand, and -25.41 +/- 0.01parts per thousand, respectively, and stable nitrogen isotope ratios were 7.89 +/- 0.38parts per thousand, 8.37 +/- 2.05parts per thousand, 5.83 +/- 1.10parts per thousand, 5.23 +/- 0.34parts per thousand, and 8.86 +/- 0.06parts per thousand, respectively. Fractionation of stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios between upland buzzards and their food were 1.03parts per thousand and 2.11parts per thousand, respectively. Based on mass balance principle of stable isotopes and the Euclidean distance mixing model, upland buzzards depended mainly on plateau pikas as food (74.56%). Plateau zokors, Qinghai voles, and passerine birds only contributed a small proportion (25.44%) to diets of upland buzzards. The results were closely accordant with analyses of stomach contents and food pellets, which firmly supported the feasibility of using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios to investigate diet information of upland buzzards. Another study based on stable carbon isotopes showed that upland buzzards living in the Haibei prefecture (another prefecture located in the southeast Qinghai province) mainly preyed on passerine birds (64.96% or more) as food supply. We were alarmed by the preliminary results that widespread poisoning activities of small mammals could reshape the food composition of upland buzzards, influencing the stability and sustainability of the alpine meadow. Bio-control on rodent pests should be carried out rather than the chemical measures.