Nd_(60)Al_(10)Fe_(20)Co_(10)金属玻璃的变形行为

利用材料测试系统(MTS)、X-Ray 衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)等手段研究了Nd 基大块金属玻璃的变形行为和断裂特征。Nd 基大块金属玻璃样品在室温下是脆性断裂,大约在500 K 时变形模式从非均匀变形转变为均匀变形,在523 K 以上表现出显著的塑性变形。在5×10-4 m/s 的应变速率下,这种Nd 基大块金属玻璃材料在523 K~600 K 之间出现明显的屈服应力下降现象,随后进入1 种稳定的粘性流动状态,而且这种屈服下降现象与温度和应变速率有关。这种在过冷液相区的变形行为与其他大块金属玻璃变形特征相似。合金的这种塑性变形行为表明了其存在稳定的过冷液相区,同时对其变形行为的研究有助于进一步了解Nd 基大块金属玻璃的反常热稳定性。

Numerical simulation of an adaptive optics system with laser propagation in the atmosphere

A comprehensive model of laser propagation in the atmosphere with a complete adaptive optics (AO) system for phase compensation is presented, and a corresponding computer program is compiled. A direct wave-front gradient control method is used to reconstruct the wave-front phase. With the long-exposure Strehl ratio as the evaluation parameter, a numerical simulation of an AO system in a stationary state with the atmospheric propagation of a laser beam was conducted. It was found that for certain conditions the phase screen that describes turbulence in the atmosphere might not be isotropic. Numerical experiments show that the computational results in imaging of lenses by means of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) method agree well with those computed by means of an integration method. However, the computer time required for the FFT method is 1 order of magnitude less than that of the integration method. Phase tailoring of the calculated phase is presented as a means to solve the problem that variance of the calculated residual phase does not correspond to the correction effectiveness of an AO system. It is found for the first time to our knowledge that for a constant delay time of an AO system, when the lateral wind speed exceeds a threshold, the compensation effectiveness of an AO system is better than that of complete phase conjugation. This finding indicates that the better compensation capability of an AO system does not mean better correction effectiveness. (C) 2000 Optical Society of America.

Effects of Noise and Detection Error in a Dynamic Adaptive Optics System

It is well known that noise and detection error can affect the performances of an adaptive optics (AO) system. Effects of noise and detection error on the phase compensation effectiveness in a dynamic AO system are investigated by means of a pure numerical simulation in this paper. A theoretical model for numerically simulating effects of noise and detection error in a static AO system and a corresponding computer program were presented in a previous article. A numerical simulation of effects of noise and detection error is combined with our previous numeral simulation of a dynamic AO system in this paper and a corresponding computer program has been compiled. Effects of detection error, readout noise and photon noise are included and investigated by a numerical simulation for finding the preferred working conditions and the best performances in a practical dynamic AO system. An approximate model is presented as well. Under many practical conditions such approximate model is a good alternative to the more accurate one. A simple algorithm which can be used for reducing the effect of noise is presented as well. When signal to noise ratio is very low, such method can be used to improve the performances of a dynamic AO system.

Evaluación del insecticida botánico NIM-20 (Azadirachtina) y dos insecticidas microbiales a base de bacillus thuringiensis en el manejo de la broca (Thecla basalides geyer) en el fruto de la piña (Ananas comosus (L) Merr)

El presente estudio se realizó en el año 1995-1996 en el período comprendido de Noviembre 95 a Abril 96 en el Municipio de Ticuantepe, Managua, con el objetivo de evaluar dos insecticidas biológicos y uno botánico para el control de la plaga Thecla basalides (perforador de la fruta), en elcultivo de la Piña, Este estudio de cuatro tratamientos (Nim 20, Dipel 8 L, Agree 50 WP y testigo), se estableció en un diseño de Bloques Completamente al Azar (B.C.A) con seis repeticiones "Los resultados demuestran que, las aplicaciones de insecticidas biológicos y Nim-20, son efectivos en el control del barrenador del fruto de Piña

Nanometer scale thermal drift of 4Gbit/s uncooled laser for tight-channel-spacing low-cost WDM

A 4Gbit/s directly modulated DBR laser is demonstrated with nanometre scale thermal tuning over an extended 20-70°C temperature range. >40dB side mode suppression over the entire temperature range is achieved. © 2005 Optical Society of America.

Manejo de la palomilla del repollo Plutella xylostella (L.) en el cultivo de repollo Brassica oleracea (L) a través del uso de insecticidas NIM 20, dipel (Bacillus thuringiensis) y Evisect (Thiociclam)

El repollo Brassica oleracea (L.), es la hortaliza de mayor consumo en estado fresco o procesado, seguido del tomate. Los problemas fitosanitarios en el cultivo de repollo han sido manejados tradicionalmente con el uso de insecticidas químicos, sin embargo esta alternativa ha provocado graves problemas al medio ambiente, al hombre, a la fauna benéfica existentes en los campos y por último resistencia de las plagas hacia los insecticidas químicos (Vareta 1987). Plutella xylostella (L.) es la plaga principal del cultivo de repollo, provocando su mayor daño en la parte comerciable (cabeza del repollo), causa pérdidas económicas al incrementar los costos de producción. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar otras alternativas de manejo de la plaga Plutella xylostella (L.) utilizando, el insecticida botánico (Nim 20), biológico (Dipel), Nim 20 + Dipel y un tratamiento químico (Evisect). Los resultados de la investigación reflejaron que la incidencia de P. xylostella en el tratamiento biológico (Dipel) mostró niveles poblacionales superiores al resto de los tratamientos evaluados. Sin embargo el tratamiento Nim 20 + Dipel, mostró los niveles poblacionales inferiores al resto de los tratamientos. El mayor porcentaje promedio de parasitismo se registró en el tratamiento Nim 20 con un 35.85%, seguido por el tratamiento Nim 20 + Dipel con un porcentaje promedio de parasitismo de 31.52%. Según el análisis de varianza realizado a las poblaciones de los arácnidos en cada tratamiento no se encontró diferencias significativas. Por otra parte, el análisis de correlación realizado a las poblaciones de P. xylostella y a su parasitoide D. insulare se encontró que el tratamiento Evisect y el tratamiento Dipel resultaron más correlacionados, lo contrario sucedió en el tratamiento Nim 20 y el tratamiento Nim 20 + Dipel, los cuales resultaron menos correlacionados. Según el análisis económico de este estudio, el tratamiento Nim 20 resultó ser la alternativa más prometedor para el manejo de P. xylostella en el cultivo de repollo por mostrar bajo costo de producción y alto ingreso económico bajo las condiciones del productor.

Computer generated hologram with geometric occlusion using GPU-accelerated depth buffer rasterization for three-dimensional display

We present a method of rapidly producing computer-generated holograms that exhibit geometric occlusion in the reconstructed image. Conceptually, a bundle of rays is shot from every hologram sample into the object volume.We use z buffering to find the nearest intersecting object point for every ray and add its complex field contribution to the corresponding hologram sample. Each hologram sample belongs to an independent operation, allowing us to exploit the parallel computing capability of modern programmable graphics processing units (GPUs). Unlike algorithms that use points or planar segments as the basis for constructing the hologram, our algorithm's complexity is dependent on fixed system parameters, such as the number of ray-casting operations, and can therefore handle complicated models more efficiently. The finite number of hologram pixels is, in effect, a windowing function, and from analyzing the Wigner distribution function of windowed free-space transfer function we find an upper limit on the cone angle of the ray bundle. Experimentally, we found that an angular sampling distance of 0:01' for a 2:66' cone angle produces acceptable reconstruction quality. © 2009 Optical Society of America.

Computer generated hologram from point cloud using graphics processor

Computer generated holography is an extremely demanding and complex task when it comes to providing realistic reconstructions with full parallax, occlusion, and shadowing. We present an algorithm designed for data-parallel computing on modern graphics processing units to alleviate the computational burden. We apply Gaussian interpolation to create a continuous surface representation from discrete input object points. The algorithm maintains a potential occluder list for each individual hologram plane sample to keep the number of visibility tests to a minimum.We experimented with two approximations that simplify and accelerate occlusion computation. It is observed that letting several neighboring hologramplane samples share visibility information on object points leads to significantly faster computation without causing noticeable artifacts in the reconstructed images. Computing a reduced sample set via nonuniform sampling is also found to be an effective acceleration technique. © 2009 Optical Society of America.

Desarrollo y medio ambiente : en torno a Río +20

Transcurridos veinte años de la primera cumbre histórica de Río de Janeiro y diez de la reunión de Johannesburgo, se celebró del 20 al 22 de junio de 2012, nuevamente en la ciudad brasileña, la tercera Conferencia de Naciones Unidas sobre Desarrollo Sustentable, llamada informalmente Cumbre de la Tierra Río +20. Su lema: “El futuro que queremos”. Como se señala en el sitio oficial, la Cumbre se configuró como un nuevo intento de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para avanzar sobre el compromiso de los Estados y la comunidad mundial en los grandes cambios necesarios de implantar durante este siglo. Sobre esta consideración, el llamado de las Naciones Unidas se propuso un objetivo ambicioso: invitó a los Estados, la sociedad civil y los ciudadanos a “sentar las bases de un mundo de prosperidad, paz y sustentabilidad”.

Optimization Of Off-Null Ellipsometry For Air/Solid Interfaces

The optimization of off-null ellipsometry is described with emphasis on the improvement of sample thickness sensitivity. Optimal conditions are dependent on azimuth angle settings of the polarizer, compensator, and analyzer in a polarizer-compensator-sample-analyzer ellipsometer arrangement. Numerical simulation utilized offers an approach to present the dependence of the sensitivity on the azimuth angle settings, from which optimal settings corresponding to the best sensitivity are derived. For a series of samples of SiO2 layer (thickness in the range of 1.8-6.5 nm) on silicon substrate, the theory analysis proves that sensitivity at the optimal settings is increased 20 times compared to that at null settings used in most works, and the relationship between intensity and thickness is simplified as a linear type instead of the original nonlinear type, with the relative error reduced to similar to 1/100 at the optimal settings. Furthermore the discussion has been extended toward other factors affecting the sensitivity of the practical system, such as the linear dynamic range of the detector, the signal-to-noise ratio and the intensity from the light source, etc. Experimental results from the investigation Of SiO2 layer on silicon substrate are chosen to verify the optimization. (c) 2007 Optical Society of America.

Prudentia Iuris, 1988, n° 19-20 (número completo)

Contenido: Editorial – Cum o Vrea Domnul. “Como Dios quiera” : ¿cómo entiende el rumano la sumisión a la voluntad de Dios? / Ioan Dan – Algunas cuestiones éticas y penales de las modernas técnicas biomédicas / Guillermo Jorge Yacobucci – El racionalismo moderno : configuración y proyecciones / Bernardino Bravo Lira – El pensamiento político en orígenes de Alejandría / Néstor Daniel Villa – El proceso penal de menores / Miguel Ángel Madariaga – Documentos -- Recensiones