Compromiso por la educación : campaña de fe y alegría en América Latina.

Resumen basado en el de la publicación

La poesía esencial de José Corredor-Matheos.

Expone el análisis de las obras de José Corredor-Matheos a partir de diversas perspectivas temáticas (el tiempo, la nada, la mirada), formales (la métrica), conceptuales (la contemplación, las filosofías orientales zen y sufí), estéticas (el arte y, sobretodo, la pintura) y poéticas (la esencialidad, la metapoesía). La obra completa de José Corredor-Matheos hace de su poesía una búsqueda de lo esencial que abarca más de cinco décadas de creación y así el análisis de su obra completa la llamada 'Promoción del cincuenta'. El esbozo de su figura, a partir de unos pocos datos biográficos, su destacable labor como traductor, su labor en el mundo de la cultura, su singular posicionamiento al margen de escuelas, grupos o nóminas y su extrema coherencia intelectual constituyen los aspectos desde los que se inicia el acercamiento al poeta. Se realiza un análisis tanto de los textos críticos que el autor elabora sobre su propio quehacer poético, como aquellos escritos en los que el poeta analiza la obra de otros poetas. En definitiva los aspectos más destacables de la poesía corredoriana son: la presencia de marcados rasgos metapoemático, la reflexión en la poesía sobre la misma poesía, cree en la singularidad e irrepetibilidad del poema, busca interpretar los signos de la naturaleza, señales de un lenguaje esencial cuya misión es entender y traducir, pero no desde un posicionamiento empirista, sino desde la negación del yo, para que lo que resulta necesario un desconocimiento inconsciente, un aprendizaje que pasa por olvidar el nombre de las cosas. La poesía es creación, surgida desde un despojamiento de lo intelectual, con un valor de carácter emotivo y sensorial a la vez. Busca la trascendencia y es trascendente, porque quizás en la propia búsqueda se encuentre toda posibilidad de trascendencia. Abundan los cuadros paisajísticos, de manera consonante a la predilección del autor por los paisajes y por los elementos del paisaje, y las referencias a pintores. La relevancia de lo temporal en la trayectoria corredoriana coincide con los momentos de su producción en los que la temática existencial se expresa de manera más clara: los inicios.

La poesía esencial de José Corredor-Matheos.

Expone el análisis de las obras de José Corredor-Matheos a partir de diversas perspectivas temáticas (el tiempo, la nada, la mirada), formales (la métrica), conceptuales(la contemplación, las filosofías orientales zen y sufí), estéticas (el arte y, sobretodo, la pintura) y poéticas (la esencialidad, la metapoesía). La obra completa de José Corredor-Matheos hace de su poesía una búsqueda de lo esencial que abarca más de cinco décadas de creación y así el análisis de su obra completa la llamada 'Promoción del cincuenta'. El esbozo de su figura, a partir de unos pocos datos biográficos, su destacable labor como traductor, su labor en el mundo de la cultura, su singular posicionamiento al margen de escuelas, grupos o nóminas y su extrema coherencia intelectual constituyen los aspectos desde los que se inicia el acercamiento al poeta. Se realiza un análisis tanto de los textos críticos que el autor elabora sobre su propio quehacer poético, como aquellos escritos en los que el poeta analiza la obra de otros poetas. En definitiva los aspectos más destacables de la poesía corredoriana son: la presencia de marcados rasgos metapoemático, la reflexión en la poesía sobre la misma poesía, cree en la singularidad e irrepetibilidad del poema, busca interpretar los signos de la naturaleza, señales de un lenguaje esencial cuya misión es entender y traducir, pero no desde un posicionamiento empirista, sino desde la negación del yo, para que lo que resulta necesario un desconocimiento inconsciente, un aprendizaje que pasa por olvidar el nombre de las cosas. La poesía es creación, surgida desde un despojamiento de lo intelectual, con un valor de carácter emotivo y sensorial a la vez. Busca la trascendencia y es trascendente, porque quizás en la propia búsqueda se encuentre toda posibilidad de trascendencia. Abundan los cuadros paisajísticos, de manera consonante a la predilección del autor por los paisajes y por los elementos del paisaje, y las referencias a pintores. La relevancia de lo temporal en la trayectoria corredoriana coincide con los momentos de su producción en los que la temática existencial se expresa de manera más clara: los inicios.

Formación y economía en un contexto global.

Monográfico con el título: 'Formación y trabajo'. Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Formación para el trabajo en Fe y Alegría.

Monográfico con el título: 'Formación y trabajo'. Resumen basado en el de la publicación

Desafios da aprendizagem cooperativa no ensino secundário

Este trabalho de investigação-acção tem como principal objectivo desenvolver competências de aprendizagem cooperativa a nível dos alunos e dos professores de forma a permitir uma prática reflexiva, colaborativa e diferenciada de modo a poderem tomar decisões e dirigirem um processo de ensino flexível e adaptado às dificuldades de aprendizagem diagnosticadas e a situações concretas na sala de aula. Este trabalho pretende focar a ideia de que ser professor passa necessariamente, por saber ensinar e saber ensinar implica um agir e um interagir específico e ser aluno por aprender a saber-ser e a saber-fazer, visto que a escola é um lugar de aprendizagem social essencial para agir, escolher e reflectir. Em termos de metodologia, utilizámos as seguintes técnicas: a pesquisa documental, a entrevista semi-directiva, a observação naturalista não participante e a sociometria. Foram entrevistadas a professora de Português e a directora de turma de uma turma do 11º ano do Ensino Secundário que inclui uma aluna considerada com necessidades educativas especiais, foram observadas uma aula de História e uma aula de Português e foi aplicado o teste sociométrico aos 24 alunos deste grupo/turma. A informação resultante da análise dos dados serviu de base ao diagnóstico da situação e de ponto de partida para a planificação da intervenção, no sentido de superar as práticas tradicionais, isto é “ensinar a todos como se fossem um”, adoptando a pedagogia diferenciada inclusiva e a aprendizagem cooperativa como resposta pertinente às exigências de uma escola de todos, com todos e para todos. Confirmámos que a gestão das diferenças passou pela mudança da perspectiva vertical do ensino-aprendizagem para a perspectiva horizontal, numa gestão cooperativa da sala de aula. A monotonia do modelo transmissivo passou por dar lugar à diversidade metodológica, por permitir atender os diferentes estilos e ritmos de aprendizagem dos alunos e melhorar as competências do professor na orientação da heterogeneidade do grupo.

Evaluation technique designed to investigate the efficacy of a group communication-based aural rehabilitation program for hearing-impaired adults

This paper studies aural rehabilitation efforts designed to address the compensatory strategies used by hearing-impaired adults and evaluates the success of an eight week group communications-based therapy program.

Access to historic environments for tourists with disabilities: a compromise?

Historic environments, the basis for heritage tourism, are difficult to access for people with disabilities. Many countries have introduced legislation to promote equal rights for people with disabilities. Historic environments, however, enjoy protection under national planning systems which limit the physical access improvements that can be made. The significance of historic environments for tourism in the UK is outlined. Barriers restricting tourists with disabilities accessing historic sites are reviewed from the heritage tourism service provider's viewpoint. Interests of the major stakeholders are considered in terms of the apparent conflict between conservation and access issues as heritage tourism service providers seek to comply with disability discrimination legislation. From a study of access improvements made by major heritage tourism service providers, good practice is identified. However, physical access improvements to enable tourists with disabilities to visit historic environments are a compromise because of the strength of conservation interests. Questions remain as to whether this compromise is acceptable to the tourist with disabilities and whether intellectual access is an acceptable substitute for physical presence.

Quality of Life Issues and Second-Generation Migration: the Case of 'Bajan-Brit Returnees'

This paper forms part of research that is investigating the migration of young Bajan-Brits to Barbados. Specifically, it explores the role of quality of life issues in the decision-making processes of young Bajan-Brits as they negotiate their 'return' to Barbados. The research, based on 51 in-depth qualitative interviews conducted with an under-researched cohort of young Bajan-Brits living in Barbados, argues from a 'lure of home' conceptualisation that the return of young Bajan-Brits to Barbados can best be understood from the context of a search for a better quality of life in the face of social and economic disenfranchisement in the UK context. Subsequently, the paper examines the extent to which the quality of life factors which formed the basis of return to Barbados have in fact been realised on the part of young Bajan-Brits in their adjustment to life in Barbados. The paper ultimately argues that despite problems of adjustment, young Bajan-Brits have generally been successful in actualising a better quality of life in Barbados. Copyright (C) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Young caregivers in the context of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa

Against a background of rising adult mortality and morbidity in the context of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa, this paper provides both quantitative and qualitative evidence for the existence of a largely neglected group of young people with increased responsibility for caregiving. Using questionnaire surveys, focus groups, storyboards and in-depth interviews in three studies across Southern and Eastern Africa some young people in Lesotho, Tanzania and Zimbabwe are found to devote considerable time and energy to caring for sick members of their households. Examination of the tasks carried out by these youngsters finds them to be burdened beyond usual familial and societal expectations of children's 'normal' contributions to the reproduction of households via domestic chores and suchlike. It is concluded that these young people can be described as 'young carers'. The three studies are presented to illuminate different sociospatial aspects of caregiving by young people. First, using qualitative data from Lesotho the range of caring tasks young caregivers; perform for care recipients - usually a grandmother, parent, or sibling - is identified. Second, the impact caregiving responsibilities have on children's primary school attendance is examined using survey data from Tanzania. Third, the wider negative and positive impacts of caregiving including loss of friends and gaining of emotional maturity for young carers and their households is explored with in-depth individual interviews from Zimbabwe. Finally, suggestions are made for further research to deepen understanding of the geographies of caring within the context of the population geographies of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in sub-Saharan Africa and beyond. Copyright (c) 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Young caregiving and HIV in the UK: caring relationships and mobilities in African migrant families

Recent research in Sub-Saharan Africa has revealed the importance of children’s caring roles in families affected by HIV and AIDS. However, few studies have explored young caregiving in the context of HIV in the UK, where recently arrived African migrant and refugee families are adversely affected by the global epidemic. This paper explores young people’s socio-spatial experiences of caring for a parent with HIV, based on qualitative research with 37 respondents in London and other urban areas in England. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with young people with caring responsibilities and mothers with HIV, who were predominantly African migrants, as well as with service providers. Drawing on their perspectives, the paper discusses the ways that young people and mothers negotiate the boundaries of young people’s care work within and beyond homespace, according to norms of age, gender, generational relations and cultural constructions of childhood. Despite close attachments within the family, the emotional effects of living with a highly stigmatised life-limiting illness, pressures associated with insecure immigration status, transnational migration and low income undermined African mothers’ and young people’s sense of security and belonging to homespace. These factors also restricted their mobility and social participation in school/college and neighbourhood spaces. While young people and mothers valued supportive safe spaces within the community, the stigma surrounding HIV significantly affected their ability to seek support. The article identifies security, privacy, independence and social mobility as key dimensions of African young people’s and mothers’ imagined futures of ‘home’ and ‘family’.

Host niches and defensive extended phenotypes structure parasitoid wasp communities

Oak galls are spectacular extended phenotypes of gallwasp genes in host oak tissues and have evolved complex morphologies that serve, in part, to exclude parasitoid natural enemies. Parasitoids and their insect herbivore hosts have coevolved to produce diverse communities comprising about a third of all animal species. The factors structuring these communities, however, remain poorly understood. An emerging theme in community ecology is the need to consider the effects of host traits, shaped by both natural selection and phylogenetic history, on associated communities of natural enemies. Here we examine the impact of host traits and phylogenetic relatedness on 48 ecologically closed and species-rich communities of parasitoids attacking gall-inducing wasps on oaks. Gallwasps induce the development of spectacular and structurally complex galls whose species- and generation-specific morphologies are the extended phenotypes of gallwasp genes. All the associated natural enemies attack their concealed hosts through gall tissues, and several structural gall traits have been shown to enhance defence against parasitoid attack. Here we explore the significance of these and other host traits in predicting variation in parasitoid community structure across gallwasp species. In particular, we test the "Enemy Hypothesis,'' which predicts that galls with similar morphology will exclude similar sets of parasitoids and therefore have similar parasitoid communities. Having controlled for phylogenetic patterning in host traits and communities, we found significant correlations between parasitoid community structure and several gall structural traits (toughness, hairiness, stickiness), supporting the Enemy Hypothesis. Parasitoid community structure was also consistently predicted by components of the hosts' spatiotemporal niche, particularly host oak taxonomy and gall location (e.g., leaf versus bud versus seed). The combined explanatory power of structural and spatiotemporal traits on community structure can be high, reaching 62% in one analysis. The observed patterns derive mainly from partial niche specialisation of highly generalist parasitoids with broad host ranges (>20 hosts), rather than strict separation of enemies with narrower host ranges, and so may contribute to maintenance of the richness of generalist parasitoids in gallwasp communities. Though evolutionary escape from parasitoids might most effectively be achieved via changes in host oak taxon, extreme conservatism in this trait for gallwasps suggests that selection is more likely to have acted on gall morphology and location. Any escape from parasitoids associated with evolutionary shifts in these traits has probably only been transient, however, due to subsequent recruitment of parasitoid species already attacking other host galls with similar trait combinations.

A role for parasites in stabilising the fig-pollinator mutualism

Mutualisms are interspecific interactions in which both players benefit. Explaining their maintenance is problematic, because cheaters should outcompete cooperative conspecifics, leading to mutualism instability. Monoecious figs (Ficus) are pollinated by host-specific wasps (Agaonidae), whose larvae gall ovules in their "fruits'' (syconia). Female pollinating wasps oviposit directly into Ficus ovules from inside the receptive syconium. Across Ficus species, there is a widely documented segregation of pollinator galls in inner ovules and seeds in outer ovules. This pattern suggests that wasps avoid, or are prevented from ovipositing into, outer ovules, and this results in mutualism stability. However, the mechanisms preventing wasps from exploiting outer ovules remain unknown. We report that in Ficus rubiginosa, offspring in outer ovules are vulnerable to attack by parasitic wasps that oviposit from outside the syconium. Parasitism risk decreases towards the centre of the syconium, where inner ovules provide enemy-free space for pollinator offspring. We suggest that the resulting gradient in offspring viability is likely to contribute to selection on pollinators to avoid outer ovules, and by forcing wasps to focus on a subset of ovules, reduces their galling rates. This previously unidentified mechanism may therefore contribute to mutualism persistence independent of additional factors that invoke plant defences against pollinator oviposition, or physiological constraints on pollinators that prevent oviposition in all available ovules.