Ionizing radiation induced degradation of poly (2-methoxy-5-(2 '-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene) in solution

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Alquilação redutiva da quitosana a partir do glutaraldeído e 3-amino-1-pr

Chitosan derivatives were prepared by reductive alkylation using glutaraldehyde and 3-amino-1-propanol. The reducing agent used was the sodium borohydride. Tests of solubility, stability and viscosity were performed in order to evaluate these parameters effects in the reaction conditions (molar ratio of the reactants and presence of nitrogen in the reaction system). The molecular structure of commercial chitosan was determined by infrared (IR) and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). The intrinsic viscosity and average molecular weight of the chitosan were determined by viscosimetry in 0.3 M acetic acid aqueous solution 0.2 M sodium acetate at 25 ºC. The derivatives of chitosan soluble in aqueous acidic medium were characterized by 1H NMR. The rheological behavior of the chitosan and of the derivative of chitosan (sample QV), which presented the largest viscosity, were studied as a function of polymer concentration, temperature and ionic strength of the medium. The results of characterization of the commercial chitosan (the degree of deacetylation obtained equal 78.45 %) used in this work confirmed a sample of low molar weight (Mv = 3.57 x 104 g/mol) and low viscosity (intrinsic viscosity = 213.56 mL/g). The chemical modification of the chitosan resulted in derivatives with thickening action. The spectra of 1H NMR of the soluble derivatives in acid aqueous medium suggested the presence of hydrophobic groups grafted into chitosan in function of the chemical modification. The solubility of the derivatives of chitosan in 0.25 M acetic acid aqueous solution decreased with increase of the molar ratio of the glutaraldehyde and 3-amino-1-propanol in relation to the chitosan. The presence of nitrogen and larger amount of reducing agent in reaction system contributed to the increase of the solubility, the stability and the viscosity of the systems. The viscosity of the polymeric suspensions in function of the shear rate increased significantly with polymer concentration, suggesting the formation of strong intermolecular associations. The chitosan presented pseudoplastic behavior with the increase in polymer concentration at a low shear rate. The derivative QV presented pseudoplastic behavior at all concentrations used and in a large range of shear rate. The viscosity of chitosan in solution decreased with an increase of the temperature and with the presence of salt. However, there was an increase of the viscosity of the chitosan solution at higher temperature (65 ºC) and ionic strength of the medium which were promoted by hydrophobic associating of the acetamide groups. The solutions of the chitosan derivatives (sample QV) were significantly more viscous than chitosan solution and showed higher thermal stability in the presence of salt as a function of the hydrophobic groups grafted into chitosan backbone

Study of copper complexes adsorbed on a silica gel surface chemically modified with 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole

The isotherms of adsorption of CuX2 (X=Cl-, Br-, ClO4-) by silica gel chemically modified with 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole were studied in acetone and ethanol solutions: at 298 K. The following equilibria constants (in 1 mol(-1)) were determined: (a) CuCl2: 3.5 x 10(3) (ac), 2.0 x 10(3) (eth); (b) CuBr2: 2.8 x 10(3) (ac), 2.0 x 10(3) (eth); (c) Cu(ClO4)(2): 1.8 x 10(3) (ac), 1.0 x 10(3) (eth); ac = acetone, eth = ethanol. The electron spin resonance spectra of the surface complexes indicated a tetragonal distorted structure in the case of lower degrees of metal loading on the chemically modified surface. The d-d electronic transition spectra showed that for the ClO4-, complex, the peak of absorption did not change for any degree of metal loading, and for Cl- and Br- complexes, the peak maxima shifted to a higher energy region with a lower metal loading. (C) 1998 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Study of copper complexes absorbed on a silica gel surface chemically modified with 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol

The isotherms of adsorption of CuX2 (XCl-, Br-, ClO4-) by silica gel chemically modified with 5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol were studied in acetone and ethanol solutions, at 25 degrees C. The following equilibria constants (in L mol(-1)) were determined: (a) CuCl2, 3.2 x 10(3) (ac), 2.5 x 10(3) (eth); (b) CuBr2, 2.9 x 10(3) (ac), 2.3 x 10(3) (eth); (c) Cu(ClO4)(2), 1.8 x 10(3) (ac), 1.2 x 10(3) (eth); ac, acetone; eth, ethanol. The electron spin resonance spectra of the surface complexes indicated a tetragonal-distorted structure in the case of lower degrees of metal loading on the chemically modified surface. The d-d electronic transition spectra showed that for the ClO4- complex, the peak of absorption did not change for any degree of metal loading and for Cl- and Br- complexes, the peak maxima shifted to higher energy with lower metal loadings. (C) 1998 Academic Press.

Adsorption of copper(II) and cobalt(II) complexes on a silica gel surface chemically modified with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole

The isotherms of adsorption of MX2 (M = Cu2+, Co2+; X = Cl-, Br-, ClO4) by silica gel chemically modified with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (SiATR) were studied in acetone and ethanol solutions, at 25 degrees C. The 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole molecule, covalently bound to the silica gel surface, adsorbs MX2 from solvent by forming a surface complex. At low loading, the electronic and electron spin resonance spectral parameters indicated that the Cu2+ complexes have distorted tetragonal symmetry. The CoX2 (X = Cl-, Br-) analogues exhibit a distorted-tetrahedral geometry, whilstthe (SiATR)mCo)ClO4)(2) complex has a tetragonally distorted octahedral geometry, with four equatorial nitrogen atoms around the cobalt. (C) 1998 Elsevier B.V. B.V. All rights reserved.

Search for a scalar or vector particle decaying into Z gamma in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Search for Higgs bosons decaying to tau(+)tau(-) pairs in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Search for t(t)over-bar resonances in the lepton plus jets final state in p(p)over-bar collisions at root s=1.96 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Search for decay of a fermiophobic Higgs boson h(f) -> gamma gamma with the D0 detector at root s=1.96 TeV

We report the results of a search for a narrow resonance decaying into two photons in 1.1 fb(-1) of data collected by the D0 experiment at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider during the period 2002-2006. We find no evidence for such a resonance and set a lower limit on the mass of a fermiophobic Higgs boson of m(hf) > 100 GeV at the 95% C.L. This exclusion limit exceeds those obtained in previous searches at the Fermilab Tevatron and covers a significant region of the parameter space B(h(f) -> gamma gamma) vs m(hf) which was not accessible at the CERN Large Electron-Positron Collider.

Search for Resonant WW and WZ Production in p(p)over-bar Collisions at root s=1.96 TeV

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

(1)H NMR Fingerprinting of Brazilian Commercial Gasoline: Pattern-Recognition Analyses for Origin Authentication Purposes

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

New layered double hydroxides intercalated with substituted pyrroles. 1. In situ polymerization of 4-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)benzoate

The two-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic materials Zn-2-Cr and Zn-2-Al-LDHs (Layered Double Hydroxides) containing 4-(1H-pyrrol-1yl)benzoate anions as the interlayer anions were synthesized by the co-precipitation method at constant pH followed by subsequent hydrothermal treatment for 72 h. The materials were characterized by PXRD, C-13 CP-MAS NMR, ESR, TGA, and TEM. The basal spacing found by the X-ray diffraction technique is coincident with the formation of bilayers of the intercalated anions. Solid-state C-13 NMR and ESR data strongly suggest the partial in situ polymerization of the 4-(1H-pyrrol-1yl)benzoate anions during coprecipitation. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

New layered double hydroxides intercalated with substituted pyrroles. 2. 3-(Pyrrol-1-yl)-propanoate and 7-(pyrrol-1-yl)-heptanoate LDHs

We report the synthesis and characterization of organic-inorganic hybrid materials: Zn-2-Al-LDHs (layered double hydroxides) containing 3-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)-propanoate and 7-(1H-pyrrol-l-yl)-heptanoate as the interlayer anions. The LDHs were synthesized by the co-precipitation method at constant pH followed by hydrothermal treatment for 72 h. The materials were characterized by PXRD, C-13 CP-MAS NMR, TGA, and ESR. The basal spacing found by PXRD technique is coincident with the formation of bilayers of the intercalated anions. The solid state C-13 NMR showed that the interlayered anions remain identical after intercalation. ESR data suggest that the monomers connect each other in a limited number of guests when a thermal treatment is applied. The inorganic LDH sheets delay the temperature of degradation of the monomers. (c) 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Catechol biosensing using a nanostructured layer-by-layer film containing Cl-catechol 1,2-dioxygenase

dThe detection of aromatic compounds from pesticides and industrial wastewater has become of great interest, since these compounds withstand chemical oxidation and biological degradation, accumulating in the environment. In this work, a highly sensitive biosensor for detecting catechol was obtained with the immobilization of Cl-catechol 1,2-dioxygenase (CCD) in nanostructured films. CCD layers were alternated with poly(amidoamine) generation 4 (PAMAM G4) dendrimer using the electrostatic layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. Circular dichroism (CD) measurements indicated that the immobilized CCD preserved the same conformation as in solution. The thickness of the very first CCD layers in the LbL films was estimated at ca. 3.6 nm, as revealed by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). PAMAM/CCD 10-bilayer films were employed in detecting diluted catechol solutions using either an optical or electrical approach. Due to the mild immobilization conditions employed, especially regarding the pH and ionic strength of the dipping solutions, CCD remained active in the films for periods longer than 3 weeks. The optical detection comprised absorption experiments in which the formation of cis-cis muconic acid, resulting from the reaction between CCD and catechol, was monitored by measuring the absorbance at 260 nm after film immersion in catechol solutions. The electrical detection was carried out using LbL films deposited onto gold-interdigitated electrodes immersed in aqueous solutions at different catechol concentrations. Using impedance spectroscopy in a broad frequency range (1Hz-1kHz), we could detect catechol in solutions at concentrations as low as 10(-10) M. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Microbial transformation of cadina-4,10(15)-dien-3-one, aromadendr-1(10)-en-9-one and methyl ursolate by Mucor plumbeus ATCC 4740

The sesquiterpenes cadina-4,10(15)-dien-3-one (1) and aromadendr-1(10)-en-9-one (squamulosone) (14) along with the triterpenoid methyl ursolate (21) were incubated with the fungus Mucor plumbeus ATCC 4740. Substrates 1, 14 and ursolic acid (20) were isolated from the plant Hyptis verticillata in large quantities. M. plumbeus hydroxylated 1 at C-12 and C-14. When the iron content of the medium was reduced, however, hydroxylation at these positions was also accompanied by epoxidation of the exocyclic double bond. In total nine new oxygenated cadinanes have been obtained. Sesquiterpene 14 was converted to the novel 2α,13-dihydroxy derivative along with four other metabolites. Methyl ursolate (21) was transformed to a new compound, methyl 3β,7β,21β-trihydroxyursa-9(11),12-dien-28-oate (22). Two other triterpenoids, 3β,28-dihydroxyurs-12-ene (uvaol) (23) and 3β,28-bis(dimethylcarbamoxy)urs-12-ene (24) were not transformed by the micro-organism, however. © 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.