Estudo comparativo da ação antimicrobiana de extratos e óleos essenciais de plantas medicinais e sinergismo com drogas antimicrobiannas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Produção de biomassa, rendimento e composição do óleo essencial de manjericão (Ocimum basilicum L.) em função de reguladores vegetais

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Níveis de óleos essenciais na dieta de bovinos de corte terminados em confinamento: desempenho, características da carcaça e qualidade da carne

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FMVZ

Efeito de óleos essenciais e extratos de diferentes espécies botânicas sobre bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) biótipo b (Hemiptera: aleyrodidae) em tomateiro

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito de óleos essenciais sobre o fungo Phomopsis sojae e a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de soja

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA

Extratos vegetais e produtos naturais com potencial de uso no controle de Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) na cultura da videira

Pós-graduação em Agronomia - FEIS

Avaliação de desempenho de fibras lignocelulósicas na sorção de óleos diesel e biodiesel

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Estudo farmacológico e neuroquímico dos óleos essenciais de Cymbopogon citratus (D.C) Stapf e Citrus ayrantium L

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação in vitro da atividade antifúngica de óleos essenciais e extratos de plantas presentes na região amazônica sobre cepa de Candida albicans

A candidíase é uma doença fúngica oportunista causada pela proliferação de espécies de Candida, principalmente a Candida albicans, sendo a espécie mais patogênica em humanos. Muitos antifúngicos existentes no mercado apresentam efeitos colaterais indesejáveis ou podem induzir a resistência fúngica, principalmente em indivíduos imunodeprimidos. Em odontologia, as pesquisas com produtos naturais têm aumentado nos últimos anos, devido à busca por novos produtos com maior atividade farmacológica, com menor toxicidade e mais acessíveis à população. Dentro dessa perspectiva, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar in vitro a atividade antifúngica de óleos e extratos vegetais presentes na região Amazônica e determinar a concentração inibitória mínima das espécies que apresentaram atividade antifúngica frente à cepa padrão de Candida albicans (ATCC 90028). A atividade antifúngica dos óleos essenciais Copaifera multijuga, Carapa guianenses, Piper aduncum e Piper hispidinervum foi realizada pelo método de difusão em meio sólido utilizando cavidades em placa “in natura” e em diluições de 32 a 2% para determinação da concentração inibitória mínima. Os extratos Annona glabra, Azadiractha indica, Bryophyllum calycinum, Eleutherine plicata, Mammea americana, Psidium guajava e Syzygium aromaticum foram testados nas concentrações de 500mg/mL, 250mg/mL, 125mg/mL e 62,5 mg/mL e a atividade antifúngica foi realizada pelo método de difusão em meio sólido utilizando discos de papel filtro. Os óleos testados, não apresentaram efeito antifúngico sobre a cepa de Candida albicans, e dos extratos testados somente os extratos de Eleutherine plicata, Psidium guajava e Syzygium aromaticum apresentaram atividade antifúngica com concentração inibitória mínima, respectivamente, de 250mg/mL, 125mg/mL e 62,5mg/mL Diante dos resultados apresentados, os extratos de Eleutherine plicata, Psidium guajava e Syzygium aromaticum apresentam potencial efeito inibitório para crescimento de Candida albicans, servindo de guia para a seleção de plantas com atividades antifúngicas para futuros trabalhos toxicológico e farmacológico.

Ação antibacteriana de associações de antimicrobianos: nisina, óleos essenciais e compostos majotitários

Pós-graduação em Biologia Geral e Aplicada - IBB

Avaliação de fungicidas, óleos essenciais e agentes biológicos no controle de Amphobotrys ricini em mamoneira (Ricinus communis L.)

The castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) is a tropical oilseed species, and the oil extracted from its seeds is one of the most versatile oils in the nature, showing various industrial uses. Even though it is a rustic species, the castor bean is subjected to several diseases such as the gray mold, caused by the fungus Amphobotrys ricini. Genetic breeding would be the best alternative for the disease control, but a long time is required to obtain resistant cultivars. Thus, the use of control strategies based on chemical, alternative or biological methods shows viable in the short term. The aim of this study was to investigate gray mold control efficiency, in castor bean crop, using chemical, alternative and biological methods. The pathogen control efficiency was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo using fungicides, essential oils and biological control agents. As regards the in vitro inhibition of the pathogen mycelial growth, the best treatments with essential oils were those based on C. martini and C. zeylanicum at all five tested concentrations. For both oils, the average diameter of colonies was 0.7 cm against 4.79 cm for the control treatment. For the fungicides, at all four tested levels, the most efficient active ingredients were methyl tiophanate, carbendazim, tebuconazole and iprodione. The ED50 of these fungicides was <1uL/L, yielding 100% mycelial growth inhibition at all concentrations. As to the inhibition of A. ricini conidium germination, the fungicides tebuconazole and chlorotanolyl were the best at all tested concentrations, and the average of germinated conidia with these fungicides was 0.0 and 0.15%, respectively, against 100% for the control treatment. In the field, treatment with the fungicide iprodione was the best for the disease control when compared to biological and alternative treatments. Under field conditions, the average disease severity for the treatment with iprodione was 15.76% against 95.81% for the inoculated control.

Efeitos dos derivados vegetais de condimentos nas características de qualidade e vida de prateleira de linguiça de frango fresca

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Desenvolvimento de novos biolubrificantes hidráulicos derivados dos óleos de maracujá e de moringa in natura e epoxidados

With the increasing environmental awareness, maximizing biodegradability and minimizing ecotoxicity is the main driving force for new technological developments. Thus, can be developed new biodegradable lubricants for use in environmentally sensitive areas. The aim of this study was to obtain new bio-lubricants from passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Degener) and moringa (Moringa oleifera Lamarck) epoxidized oils and develop a new additive package using experimental design for their use as a hydraulic fluid. In the first stage of this work was performed the optimization of the epoxidation process of the oils using fractional experimental design 24-1 , varying the temperature, reaction time, ratio of formic acid and hydrogen peroxide. In the second step was investigated the selectivity, thermodynamics and kinetics of the reaction for obtaining the two epoxides at 30, 50 and 70 °C. The result of the experimental design confirmed that the epoxidation of passion fruit oil requires 2 hours of reaction, 50 °C and a ratio H2O2/C=C/HCOOH (1:1:1). For moringa oil were required 2 hours reaction, 50 °C and a ratio of H2O2/C=C/HCOOH (1:1:1.5). The results of the final conversions were equal to 83.09% (± 0.3) for passion fruit oil epoxide and 91.02 (±0,4) for moringa oil epoxide. Following was made the 23 factorial design to evaluate which are the best concentrations of corrosion inhibitor and anti-wear (IC), antioxidant (BHA) and extreme pressure (EP) additives. The bio-lubricants obtained in this step were characterized according to DIN 51524 (Part 2 HLP) and DIN 51517 (Part 3 CLP) standards. The epoxidation process of the oils was able to improve the oxidative stability and reduce the total acid number, when compared to the in natura oils. Moreover, the epoxidized oils best solubilized additives, resulting in increased performance as a lubricant. In terms of physicochemical performance, the best lubricant fluid was the epoxidized moringa oil with additives (EMO-ADI), followed by the epoxidized passion fruit oil with additives (EPF-ADI) and, finally, the passion fruit in natura oil without additives (PFO). Lastly, was made the investigation of the tribological behavior under conditions of boundary lubrication for these lubricants. The tribological performance of the developed lubricants was analyzed on a HFRR equipment (High Frequency Reciprocating Rig) and the coefficient of friction, which occurs during the contact and the formation of the lubricating film, was measured. The wear was evaluated through optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the addition of extreme pressure (EP) and anti-wear and corrosion inhibitor (CI) additives significantly improve the tribological properties of the fluids. In all assays, was formed a lubricating film that is responsible for reducing the coefficient of metal-to-metal wear. It was observed that the addition of EP and IC additives in the in natura vegetable oils of passion fruit and moringa did not favor a significant reduction in wear. The bio-lubricants developed from passion fruit and moringa oils modified via epoxidation presented satisfactory tribological properties and shown to be potential lubricants for replacement of commercial mineral-based fluids.

Titulação potenciométrica aplicada na determinação de ácidos graxos livres de óleos e gorduras comestíveis

Free fatty acids are a measure of evaluating fats and oils, submitted to abusive conditions, besides being a quality characteristic of edible vegetable oils. The official method of determination (AOCS Ca 5a-40, 2004) is based on titration, using phenolphthalein as an indicator. For crude and degummed oils, the titration end point is difficult to be observed due to the high level of pigments, resulting in dark solutions. In this case and others, such as self-life studies, in which sample quantities are limited, potentiometric titration may be a very good alternative.

Produção de biotensoativos a partir de resíduos de óleos e gorduras

O presente trabalho visou a seleção de microrganismos com capacidade de produzir biotensoativos a partir de resíduos de óleos e gorduras gerados em restaurantes e indústrias alimentícias. Borra de soja, gordura de frango, gordura vegetal hidrogenada e óleo de soja usado em frituras foram estudados como fonte de carbono. Os isolados LMI 6c e LMI 7a, ambos pertencentes ao gênero Pseudomonas, foram selecionados como potenciais produtores de biotensoativos. Dentre os resíduos propostos, a borra de soja foi considerada o melhor substrato, gerando 9,69 g.L-1 de ramnolipídios e uma tensão superficial de 31 mN/m.