Pollen substitutes increase honey bee haemolymph protein levels as much as or more than does pollen

Adequate substitutes for pollen are necessary for maintaining healthy bee colonies during periods of pollen dearth, but testing them objectively is both time consuming and expensive. We compared two commercial diets with bee collected pollen and acacia pod flour (used by beekeepers in some parts of Brazil) by measuring their effect on haemolymph protein contents of young bees exclusively fed on these diets, which is a fast and inexpensive assay. The commercial diets included a new, non-soy-based, pollen substitute diet (named Feed-Bee (R)) and a soy-based diet, named Bee-Pro (R). The diets were each given in patty form to groups of 100 Africanized honey bees in hoarding cages, maintained and fed from emergence until six days of age. Sucrose, in the form of sugar syrup, was used as a protein free control. Feed-Bee (R), Bee-Pro (R), pollen and acacia pod flour diets increased protein titers in the haemolymph by factors of 2.65, 2.51, 1.76 and 1.69, respectively, over protein titers in bees fed only sucrose solution. The bees fed Feed-Bee (R) and Bee-Pro (R) had their haemolymph significantly enriched in protein compared to the controls and those fed acacia pod flour and to titers slightly higher than those fed pollen. All four proteinaceous diets were significantly superior to sucrose alone.

Effects of six carbohydrate sources on dog diet digestibility and post-prandial glucose and insulin response

The effects of six extruded diets with different starch sources (cassava flour, brewer`s rice, corn, sorghum, peas or lentils) on dog total tract apparent digestibility and glycemic and insulinemic response were investigated. The experiment was carried out on thirty-six dogs with six dogs per diet in a completely randomized design. The diets containing brewer`s rice and cassava flour presented the greatest digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and gross energy (p < 0.05), followed by corn and sorghum; pea and lentil diets had the lowest. Starch digestibility was greater than 98% in all diets and was greater for brewer`s rice and cassava flour than for lentils and peas diets (p < 0.05). Dogs` immediate post-prandial glucose and insulin responses (AUC <= 30 min) were greater for brewer`s rice, corn, and cassava flour diets (p < 0.05), and later meal responses (AUC >= 30 min) were greater for sorghum, lentil and pea diets (p < 0.05). Variations in diet digestibility and post-prandial response can be explained by differences in chemical composition of each starch source including fibre content and starch granule structure. The nutritional particularities of each starch ingredient can be explored through diet formulations designed to modulate glycemic response. However, more studies are required to support these.

Effects of six carbohydrate sources on diet digestibility and postprandial glucose and insulin responses in cats

The effects of diets with different starch sources on the total tract apparent digestibility and glucose and insulin responses in cats were investigated. Six experimental diets consisting of 35% starch were extruded, each containing one of the following ingredients: cassava flour, brewers rice, corn, sorghum, peas, or lentils. The experiment was carried out on 36 cats with 6 replications per diet in a completely randomized block design. The brewers rice diet offered greater DM, OM, and GE digestibility than the sorghum, corn, lentil, and pea diets (P < 0.05). For starch digestibility, the brewers rice diet had greater values (98.6%) than the sorghum (93.9%), lentil (95.2%), and pea (96.3%) diets (P < 0.05); however, starch digestibility was > 93% for all the diets, proving that despite the low carbohydrate content of carnivorous diets, cats can efficiently digest this nutrient when it is properly processed into kibble. Mean and maximum glucose concentration and area under the glucose curve were greater for the corn-based diet than the cassava flour, sorghum, lentil, and pea diets (P < 0.05). The corn-based diets led to greater values for the mean glucose incremental concentration (10.2 mg/dL), maximum glucose incremental concentration (24.8 mg/dL), and area under the incremental glucose curve (185.5 mg.dL(-1).h(-1)) than the lentil diet (2.9 mg/dL, 3.1 mg/dL, and -40.4 mg.dL(-1).h(-1), respectively; P < 0.05). When compared with baseline values, only the corn diet stimulated an increase in the glucose response, occurring at 4 and 10 h postmeal (P < 0.05). The corn-based diet resulted in greater values for maximum incremental insulin concentration and area under the incremental insulin curve than the lentil-based diet (P < 0.05). However, plasma insulin concentrations rose in relation to the basal values for cats fed corn, sorghum, pea, and brewers rice diets (P < 0.05). Variations in diet digestibility and postprandial response can be explained by differences in the chemical composition of the starch source, including fiber content and granule structure, and also differences in the chemical compositions of the diets. The data suggest that starch has less of an effect on the cat postprandial glucose and insulin responses than on those of dogs and humans. This can be explained by the metabolic peculiarities of felines, which may slow and prolong starch digestion and absorption, leading to the delayed, less pronounced effects on their blood responses.

Flavour retention during high temperature short time extrusion cooking process: a review

Research on the stability of flavours during high temperature extrusion cooking is reviewed. The important factors that affect flavour and aroma retention during the process of extrusion are illustrated. A substantial number of flavour volatiles which are incorporated prior to extrusion are normally lost during expansion, this is because of steam distillation. Therefore, a general practice has been to introduce a flavour mix after the extrusion process. This extra operation requires a binding agent (normally oil), and may also result in a non-uniform distribution of the flavour and low oxidative stability of the flavours exposed on the surface. Therefore, the importance of encapsulated flavours, particularly the beta -cyclodextrin-flavour complex, is highlighted in this paper.

Caracterização físico-química do amido e da farinha da fruta-pão (Artocarpus altilis) e aplicação em pães de forma

A fruta-pão é um fruto rico em vitaminas e minerais do qual pode ser extraído o amido ou processado à forma de farinha aumentando sua vida de prateleira. Essa farinha pode substituir parcialmente a farinha de trigo em produtos panificáveis. O objetivo do presente estudo foi extrair e analisar algumas características físicas, químicas e tecnológicas do amido nativo de fruta-pão, além de realizar a caracterização físico-química da farinha obtida desse fruto, de suas misturas com a farinha de trigo e verificar a viabilidade destas na elaboração de pão de forma. O amido de fruta-pão foi submetido às análises de umidade, capacidade de ligação de água a frio (CLAF), poder de inchamento (PI), índice de solubilidade (IS), sinérese, microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) e difração de raio X. O amido de milho foi analisado para efeito de comparação. O amido de fruta-pão apresentou maior umidade (18,32%), CLAF (80,33%), PI (198,71 g/g a 90 0C), IS (7,22% a 90 0C) e sinérese (2,69 mL) quando comparado com o amido de milho. Pela análise de MEV, verificou-se que o amido de fruta-pão apresentou grânulos menores que os do amido de milho, mas ambos com formato poliédrico. A difração de raio X permitiu classificar o amido de milho como tipo A e o de fruta-pão como tipo B. As amostras de farinha analisadas continham um percentual de farinha de fruta-pão de 0% (controle), 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% e 100% e foram submetidas às análises de umidade, cinzas, extrato etéreo, carboidratos, proteína, energia, fibra total, solúvel e insolúvel, pH, cor e granulometria. Os mesmos percentuais de substituição foram utilizados para a elaboração dos pães, analisados em relação a umidade, peso, volume, volume específico, altura, perfil de textura, aceitação sensorial e intenção de compra. A substituição da farinha de trigo pela farinha de fruta-pão influenciou na granulometria das misturas, reduziu o teor de proteína de 10,8% para 3,99%, elevou o percentual de carboidratos, cinzas e pH de 73,84%, 0,52% e 5,94 para 83,10%, 2,19% e 6,34 , respectivamente. No entanto, para a umidade, teor de lipídeos e diferença global de cor das amostras não foi verificada influência significativa do percentual de substituição. A farinha de fruta-pão apresentou um maior percentual de fibras totais (21,17%), solúveis (10,39%) e insolúveis (10,77%). Para os pães de forma, o aumento da substituição não influenciou na umidade e no peso dos pães, exceto para a amostra com 100% de farinha de fruta-pão, que apresentou 41,28% de umidade e peso de 588,65 g. Para as demais análises, os maiores percentuais de substituição influenciaram negativamente as características do produto. Em relação a caracterização físico-química das amostras de farinha, o aumento do percentual de substituição influenciou na maioria dos parâmetros avaliados. Para os pães, as formulações com maiores notas hedônicas e com melhor intenção de compra foram as com substituição de 5% e de 10%.

Dietary patterns in pregnancy and birth weight

OBJECTIVE To analyze if dietary patterns during the third gestational trimester are associated with birth weight.METHODS Longitudinal study conducted in the cities of Petropolis and Queimados, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Southeastern Brazil, between 2007 and 2008. We analyzed data from the first and second follow-up wave of a prospective cohort. Food consumption of 1,298 pregnant women was assessed using a semi-quantitative questionnaire about food frequency. Dietary patterns were obtained by exploratory factor analysis, using the Varimax rotation method. We also applied the multivariate linear regression model to estimate the association between food consumption patterns and birth weight.RESULTS Four patterns of consumption – which explain 36.4% of the variability – were identified and divided as follows: (1) prudent pattern (milk, yogurt, cheese, fruit and fresh-fruit juice, cracker, and chicken/beef/fish/liver), which explained 14.9% of the consumption; (2) traditional pattern, consisting of beans, rice, vegetables, breads, butter/margarine and sugar, which explained 8.8% of the variation in consumption; (3) Western pattern (potato/cassava/yams, macaroni, flour/farofa/grits, pizza/hamburger/deep fried pastries, soft drinks/cool drinks and pork/sausages/egg), which accounts for 6.9% of the variance; and (4) snack pattern (sandwich cookie, salty snacks, chocolate, and chocolate drink mix), which explains 5.7% of the consumption variability. The snack dietary pattern was positively associated with birth weight (β = 56.64; p = 0.04) in pregnant adolescents.CONCLUSIONS For pregnant adolescents, the greater the adherence to snack pattern during pregnancy, the greater the baby’s birth weight.

Characterization tests for insulation boards made from corn cob and natural glues

In recent years there has been a growing interest in developing news solutions for more ecologic and efficient construction, including natural, renewable and local materials, thus contributing in the search for more efficient, economic and environmentally friendly construction. Several authors have assessed the possibility of using various agricultural sub products or wastes, as part of the effort of the scientific community to find alternative and more ecologic construction materials. Corn cob is an agricultural waste from a very important worldwide crop. Natural glues are made from natural materials, non-mineral, that can be used as such or after some modifications to achieve the behaviour and performance required. Two examples of these natural glues are casein and wheat flour-based glues that were used in the present study. Boards with different compositions were manufactured, having as variables the type of glue, the dimension of the corn cob particles and the features of the pressing process. The tests boards were characterized with physical and mechanical tests, such as thermal conductivity (λ) with a ISOMET 2104 and 60 mm diameter contact probe, density (ρ) based on EN 1602:2013, surface hardness (SH) with a PCE Shore A durometer, surface resistance (SR) with a PROCEQ PT pendular sclerometer, bending behaviour (σ) based on EN 12089:2013, compression behaviour (σ10) based on EN 826:2013 and resilience (R) based on EN 1094-1:2008, with a Zwick Rowell bending equipment with 2 kN and 50 kN load cells (Fig. 1), dynamic modulus of elasticity (Ed) with a Zeus Resonance Meter equipment (Fig. 5) based on NP EN 14146:2006 and water vapour permeability (δ) based on EN 12086:2013. The various boards produced were characterized according to the tests and the ones with the best results were C8_c8 (casein glue, grain size 2,38-4,76 mm, cold pressing for 8 hours), C8_c4 (casein glue, grain size 2,38-4,76 mm, cold pressing for 4 hours), F8_h0.5 (wheat flour glue, grain size 2,38-4,76 mm, hot pressing for 0,5 hours), FEV8_h0.5 (wheat flour, egg white and vinegar glue, grain size 2,38-4,76 mm, hot pressing for 0,5 hours) and FEVH68_c4 (wheat flour, egg white, vinegar and 6 g of sodium hydroxide glue, grain size 2,38-4,76 mm, cold pressing for 4 hours). Taking into account the various boards produced and respective test results the type of glue and the pressure and pressing time are very important factors which strongly influence the final product. The results obtained confirmed the initial hypotheses that these boards have potential as a thermal and, eventually, acoustic insulation material, to use as coating or intermediate layer on walls, floors or false ceilings. This type of board has a high mechanical resistance when compared with traditional insulating materials.The integrity of these boards seems to be maintained even in higher humidity environments. However, due to biological susceptibility and sensitivity to water, they would be more adequate for application in dry interior conditions.

Removal of tetracycline from contaminated water by Moringa oleifera seed preparations

The aim of this study was to evaluate tetracycline antibiotic (TA) removal from contaminated water by Moringa oleifera seed preparations. The composition of synthetic water approximate river natural contaminated water and TA simulated its presence as an emerging pollutant. Interactions between TA and protein preparations (extract; fraction and lectin) were also evaluated. TA was determined by solid phase extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography - mass spectrometry. Moringa extract and flour removed TA from water. Extract removed TA in all concentrations and better removal (40%) was obtained with 40 mg L1; seed flour (particles < 5mm), 1.25 g L1 and 2.50 g L1 removed 28 and 29% of tetracycline, respectively; particles > 5 mm (0.50 g L1) removed 55% of antibiotic. Interactions between TA and seed preparations were assayed by haemagglutinating activity (HA). Specific HA (SHA) of extract (pH 7) was abolished with tetracycline (5 mg L1); fraction (75%) and lectin HA (97%) were inhibited with TA. Extract SHA decreased by 75% at pH 8. Zeta potential (ZP) of extract 700 mg L1 and tetracycline 50 mg L1 , pH range 5 to 8, showed different results. Extract ZP was more negative (10.73 mV to 16.00 mV) than tetracycline ZP (0.27 mV to 20.15 mV); ZP difference was greater in pH 8. The focus of this study was achieved since moringa preparations removed TA from water and compounds interacting with tetracycline involved at least lectin binding sites. This is a natural process, which do not promote environmental damage.

Triticales y tricepiros: alternativas para la produccion de pasto y grano. Forage and grain breeding of triticale and tricepiro.

La introducción de nuevos recursos genéticos es esencial en la evolución de la agricultura destinada a la producción de materia prima de alta calidad. La evaluación de nuevo germoplasma, con el objetivo de su difusión comercial o incorporación a programas de mejoramiento, se realiza a través de ensayos comparativos de rendimiento en diferentes ambientes. Las forrajeras anuales de invierno son casi insustituibles para mantener la cadena forrajera en la región pampeana subhúmeda seca y semiárida. En la actualidad tanto triticales como tricepiros son alternativas muy promisorias para su utilización como doble propósito, así como para explorar la posibilidad de producir harinas diferenciadas para uso en la industria de la alimentación humana. En el país, los triticales se han difundido para pastoreo y se requiere de nuevos cultivares. Los tricepiros se trabajan exclusivamente en la Argentina y es necesario desarrollar germoplasma. Se planea identificar germoplasma superior mediante selección en introducciones y cruzamientos propios, ensayos comparativos de pasto y grano, estudiar la estabilidad citológica mediante análisis cromosómicos y genómicos y caracterizar líneas avanzadas por descriptores morfológicos.The introduction of new genetic resources is essential in the agriculture evolution, especially when high quality production is the main objective. New germoplasm must be tested several years in order to be part of breeding programs or to be commercialized due to environmental differences among years. In dry subhumid and semiarid pampeana region, annual winter feed crops are necessary in order to have forage production during winter. Nowadays Triticales and Tricepiros are promising alternatives to be used as double purpose for animal feed and fodder, as well as to obtain differenced flour to human food. In Argentina, Triticale has spread for forage uses and new cultivars are required. Tricepiros are sown only in this country; therefore there is a need to develop Tricepiro germoplasm. The outline includes: identify superior germoplasm in introductions and own crosses through selection; establish comparative forage and grain trials; cytological estability study using chromosomal and genomic analysis and characterize advanced lines through morphological features.

Longevidade e oviposição de Ophyra albuquerquei (Diptera, Muscidae) em condições de laboratório

Aspects related to the longevity and oviposition of Ophyra albuquerquei Lopes, 1985 are studied. Males had a mean lifespan longer than females (40.24 vs. 33.15 days, respectively), while still possessing qualitative advantages during this period. Females O. albuquerquei were fed on powdered milk, fish flour, refined sugar and water, and provided fish flour and moistened sawdust for oviposition. The length of the oviposition period for females was 46.75 days, and most of the deposition of the eggs occurred in the first days of the colony. Females completed 50% of their egg deposition by Day 16, seven days before the large last mortality peak and about 12 days after the first oviposition in the colony. Females deposited an average of 184 eggs per individual. Mortality of males, unlike females, was low until the 28th day, and increased thereafter. It was demonstrated that it is possible to maintain colonies of this species under laboratory conditions for at least 28 days with high fertility and low cost.

Healthy lunchboxes

Good food habits set early in childhood can last a lifetime. Lunches provide around one third of our daily nutritional needs, so it’s important to put some thought and planning into them. Here are some tips on how to prepare a healthy lunchbox. Sevensteps to creatinghealthy, varied and interestinglunchboxes Include a wide variety of foods - starchy foods, protein, dairy, and fruit and vegetables Try to offer different foods every day - no one wants to be eating a ham sandwich five days a week! Vary the types of bread e.g. pitta bread, bagels, wholemeal rolls - - keep a stock in the freezer Cook extra rice/pasta in the evening - these can make interesting salads Theme your lunchbox on a different country, e.g. Italian - try a pasta salad, Mexican fill flour tortillas Home-made soup (in a Thermos flask) is great for cold days, while salads are light and refreshing for warmer weather. Both are packed with essential vitamins and minerals Fluids are important for children - up to 6 cups of fluid should be encouraged daily. Milk and water are the best options. Straws and brightly coloured drinks bottles can make rehydrating more interesting!

Disseny i optimització d'un rodet hidràulic d'un molí fariner de meitat del segle XX situat a Besalú

A Besalú (la Garrotxa) hi ha les restes d’un molí fariner de rodet horitzontal que va deixar de funcionar a meitat del segle XX. Durant l'any 2004,l’Ajuntament de Besalú va realitzat unes actuacions arqueològiques a la zona dels horts, pròxima al riu Fluvià, que han permès la redescoberta del Molí d’en Subirós, que està propulsat per la força de l’aigua del canal de rec, que va paral·lel al riu.Actualment s’estan duent a terme les obres de reconstrucció de l’edifici del molí amb laintenció que torni a funcionar com ho feia antigament i convertir aquest espai en unpetit museu dedicat a aquest antic ofici, en l’actualitat desaparegut. Per això, cal reconstruir tots els elements que composen el mecanisme del molí. Per poder dur a terme aquesta feina amb el màxim rigor històric s’ha realitzat un treball d’investigació històrica i s’ha comparat amb molins existents a la comarca.Aquesta comparació i anàlisi de molins existents ha revelat la manca d’estudis tècnics sobre el rodet hidràulic tot i ésser una de les parts fonamentals del molí. D’aquesta forma, és d’esperar que un redisseny adequat del rodet permeti millorar de forma apreciable el rendiment hidràulic del molí.S’ha dividit el projecte en dues parts: primer, hem definit els elements que composen el mecanisme del molí fariner hidràulic de rodet horitzontal i hem analitzat el seu funcionament. Segon, hem realitzat un estudi tècnic (hidràulic i mecànic) del rodet clàssic(utilitzat en d’altres molins de característiques semblants). D’aquesta forma, som capaços de conèixer no només el seu comportament hidràulic sinó també com podem modificar les variables essencials del mecanisme com potència hidràulica, parell motriu, etc

Management of corn stalk waste as reinforcement for polypropylene injection moulded composites

The main objective of this study was the management of corn stalk waste as reinforcement for polypropylene (PP) injection moulded composites as an alternative to wood flour and fibers. In the first step, corn stalk waste was subjected to various treatments, and four different corn stalk derivatives (flour and fibers) able to be used as reinforcement of composite materials were prepared and characterized. These derivatives are corn stalk flour, thermo-mechanical, semi-chemical, and chemical fibers. They were characterized in terms of their yield, lignin content, Kappa number, fiber length/diameter ratio, fines, coarseness, viscosity, and the length at the break of a standard sheet of paper. Results showed that the corn stalk derivatives have different physico-chemical properties. In the second step, the prepared flour and fibers were explored as a reinforcing element for PP composites. Coupled and non-coupled PP composites were prepared and tested for tensile properties. For overall trend, with the addition of a coupling agent, tensile properties of composites significantly improved, as compared with non-coupled samples. In addition, a morphological study revealed the positive effect of the coupling agent on the interfacial bonding. The composites prepared with semichemical fiber gave better results in comparison with the rest of the corn stalk derivatives due to its chemical characteristics

Desenvolvimento de Ophyra albuquerquei Lopes (Diptera, Muscidae) em condições de laboratório

Ophyra albuquerquei may often be a potential predator of Musca domestica Linnaeus, 1758 in poultry and pig houses in southern Brazil. Here we address the developmental period of immatures stages and their viability. To obtain eggs, larvae and pupae, a colony was established in the laboratory. Adult flies were fed on a diet comprising two parts dry milk, two parts sugar and one part fish flour. Larval diet comprised one part fish flour and one part sawdust and water. The eggs, larvae and pupae were incubated at 26º ± 1ºC, 75% ± 10% R.H. and 12 h photoperiod. The egg to adult cycle took 573 h with a total viability of 64%. The shortest of the stages was the egg stage, which lasted about 20 h. The larval stage had the lowest viability (about 82%) and longest time interval (279 h). Overall, the results of this study show that O. albuquerquei can be readily maintained in the laboratory.

Copies de « memoires servans à l'histoire de France, soubs les rois Charles VII, Louys XI, Charles VIII, Louys XII, François I et Henry II ».

Contient : 1 « Les Paroles que dirent les gens du roy Charles VII à Louys son fils, depuis Louys XI, lorsqu'il se retira vers le duc de Bourgongne, l'an 1456 », et la « response de monseigneur le Dauphin aux ambassadeurs du roy » ; 2 « Abolition donnée par le roy LOUIS XI à ceux de la ville de Perpignan... 1463 » ; 3 « Confirmation des privileges de ceux de Perpignan par le roy LOUYS XI, y faisant un grand changement en plusieurs articles, juillet 1463 » ; 4 « Lettres patentes du roy LOUYS XI, confirmatives des exemptions, franchises et libertez octroyées par ses predecesseurs aux seigneurs d'Yvetot, l'an 1464 » ; 5 « Response du roy LOUYS XI aux demandes et plaintes faictes par son frere Charles, duc de Berry, 1464 » ; 6 « Accord de paix faict entre les princes de France mutinez soubs le nom du Bien public, l'an 1465, d'une part, et le roy Louys XI, d'autre » ; 7 « Lettre de ratification faicte par le roy de la comté d'Eu à monsieur le connestable, et madame Marie de Savoye, sa femme, du 22 août 1466 » ; 8 « Coppie d'une lettre escripte au roy Louys XI par le gouverneur de Noyon, sur le debordement des gens d'eglise de Picardie, XXe de febvrier 1466 » ; 9 « Lettre du roy LOUYS XI au sieur de Sainct Pierre, grand seneschal de Normandie, luy donnant ordre pour la garde des places frontieres. 1466 » ; 10 « Lettres de CHARLES, duc de Bourgongne, donnant advis au roy Louys XI de la mort du duc son pere, l'an 1467 » ; 11 « Lettres patentes du roy LOUYS XI, par lesquelles il permect au roy René de Sicile, duc d'Anjou, de seeller en cire jaune. 1468 » ; 12 « Accord et transaction passée entre le roy Louys XI et le duc de Nemours, à Tours, le 8 decembre 1469. Ratifié à St Flour, le 17 janvier, et leu en parlement le 9 febvrier ensuivant » ; 13 « Lettres patentes du roy LOUYS XI, contenans les statuts des mines d'or, d'argent et autres metaux, et les privileges de ceux qui travaillent aux dictes mines. 1471 » ; 14 « Brevet du roy LOUYS XI, par lequel il donne seance à son nepveu Pierre de Laval en ses conseils, immediatement apres Charles de Bourbon, archevesque de Lyon, et le chancelier, et au dessus de tous autres prelats et seigneurs. Au Pont de Sée, le 28 jour de juin 1472 » ; 15 « Arrests de la cour contre Jean Hardy, l'an 1473 » ; 16 « Lettres patentes par lesquelles le roy annoblit Olivier le Dain et luy change le nom qu'il portoit de Mauvais en luy baillant celuy de Dain, et luy donne des armoiries. Octobre 1474 » ; 17 « L'Argent des consignations baillé au roy pour ses affaires. Extraict des registres de parlement, du sabmedy 19e aoust 1475, en la grand chambre » ; 18 « Les Articles que jure et promect le roy à son advenement à la couronne, envoyez par le roy Louys XI pour estre enregistrez en la cour de parlement. Du 22 jour d'apvril, au parlement de la Saint Martin, 1481 » ; 19 « Serment de quatre notables marchands de la ville de Tours d'estre fideles au roy Louys XI et à monsieur le Dauphin. 1481 » ; 20 « Instruction baillée par le roy LOUIS XI, peu avant sa mort, à son fils le roy Charles VIII, le 21 septembre 1482 » ; 21 « Arrest de la cour, que la dame de Beaujeu, soeur du roy, ne peut delivrer des prisonniers sans lettres du roy. 21 apvril 1483 » ; 22 « Discours sommaire de ce qui se traicta aux estats generaux tenus à Tours, l'an 1483 » ; 23 « Remonstrances faictes par monsieur le duc D'ORLEANS, par son chancelier, à la cour de parlement, contre les desordres de l'Estat et le gouvernement de madame de Beaujeu. Du lundy 17 janvier 1484 » ; 24 « Touchant la pragmatique sanction. Du jeudy 18 janvier 1486 » ; 25 « Lettre escrite à monsieur de Langeac, par l'archevesque de Vienne [ANGELO CATHO], touchant la paix d'entre le pape et le roy de Naples. De Paris, le 8e de septembre 1486 » ; 26 « Confirmation de l'arrest donné par le roy Charles VII contre le sieur Jacques Coeur au conseil privé du roy Charles VIII, où furent mandez les presidens de la cour, le XXe janvier 1487 » ; 27 « Arrest de la cour touchant les matieres dont pouvoient congnoistre les gens de l'eschiquier du duc d'Alençon. Du lundy IX juillet 1487 » ; 28 « Lettres de naturalité du roy CHARLES VIIIe en faveur de Guy de Sainct Paul, fils naturel de feu Louys de Luxembourg, comte de Sainct Paul, connestable de France, pour pouvoir par ledict Guy de St Paul tenir benefices au royaume. A La Flesche, le 25 septembre 1488 » ; 29 « Autres Patentes dudict roy à mesme fin que les precedentes. Paris, le 7 apvril 1488 » ; 30 « Autre Lettre en forme de quictance de la somme de trente escus, que la chambre des comptes obligea payer par ledict Gilles de Luxembourg à l'Hostel Dieu de Paris, 15 janvier 1501 » ; 31 « Droict de garde des enfans du duc d'Alençon, donné à leur mere, Marguerite de Lorraine, duchesse d'Alençon, l'an 1492 et 1496 » ; 32 « Ligue des princes et seigneurs du sang contre les ennemis du roy et de son royaume. A La Flesche, le 4 septembre 1491 » ; 33 « Autre Ligne et alliance desdicts princes et seigneurs du sang, où ils ont compris la reyne, contre les ennemis du roy et du royaume, et particulierement contre l'admiral de Graville. A Paris, le 5 juillet 1492 » ; 34 « Lettres patentes du roy CHARLES VIII, portant commission pour la levée des deniers de Normandie pour subvenir aux frais de la guerre de Naples. 18 juillet 1494 » ; 35 « Autres Lettres de commission des commissaires du roy pour la levée desdicts deniers. 5 novembre 1494 » ; 36 « Autres Lettres à mesme fin que les precedentes. Du dernier octobre 1495 » ; 37 « Procedures et arrests touchant la prorogation de la legation de monsieur le cardinal d'Amboise. Du jeudy 28 mars 1503 » ; 38 « Le roy demande à la cour l'argent des consignations par emprunt, ce qui luy est accordé. Du mardy 14 novembre 1503 » ; 39 « Lettres du roy Louys XII, par lesquelles il institue sa fille, Claude de France, heritiere au duché de Milan et autres seigneuries de delà les monts, au cas que le dict roy ne delaissast aucuns enfans masles. A Blois, le dernier de may 1505 » ; 40 « Promesse du sieur GYMEL, ambassadeur du roy à Rome, de ne recevoir aucune gratification du pape ny des cardinaux et autres princes ou ambassadeurs, sinon l'evesché de Tulles, dont le roy lui a permis la poursuite pour son frere. Blois, 16 mars 1505 » ; 41 « Arrest de la cour contre les curez de Paris refusans sepulture faute d'exhiber les testamens des defuncts. Du 21 juin 1505 » ; 42 « Promesse de monseigneur D'AUBIGNY de servir, apres le decez de Louys XII, madame Claude, sa fille, et monsieur le duc de Valois, et d'empescher que la dicte dame ne soit transportée hors le royaume, et faire accomplir le testament dudict seigneur roy, faict le dernier may 1505 » ; 43 « Autre Promesse de semblable substance que la precedente, de JEAN STUART, lieutenant du dict sieur d'Aubigny en la charge desdicts cents archers escossois. Au mesme lieu de Blois, les dicts jour et an. Signé : Jean Stuart et Robertet » ; 44 « Semblable Promesse que les deux cy dessus, de GUILLAUME DE LA MARCHE, chevalier, sieur de Montbason et d'Aigremont. A Blois, le 19 d'octobre au dict an. Signé : Guillaume de La Marche » ; 45 « Ordonnance faicte par le roy LOUIS XII sur le faict des gens de pied. A Blois, le 12 janvier 1508 » ; 46 « Promesse des capitaines et principaux chefs des compagnées d'entretenir la dicte ordonnance » ; 47 « Convocatio generalis concilii ex parte cardinalium, 1511 » ; 48 « Convocatio generalis concilii ex parte principum, 1511 » ; 49 « Coppie d'une lettre escrite au roy Louys XII par le jurisconsulte PHILIPPUS DECIUS. A Milan, 1512 » ; 50 « Le roy demande à la cour les deniers des consignations du parlement pour subvenir à la necessité de ses affaires. Du mercredy XXVII juillet 1513 » ; 51 « Remonstrance touchant l'union et incorporation du Dauphiné à la couronne de France, qui fut en l'an 1496. Louys XII. 1513 » ; 52 « Extraict d'une histoire du roy François premier, faicte par un secretaire du chancelier Du Prat » ; 53 « Madame d'Engoulesme, mere du roy François II, renonce, apres les remonstrances de la cour, au pouvoir que le roy lui avoit donné, de bailler remissions es pays et terres à elle données par le roy. Extraict des registres du parlement du vendredy IXe mars 1514 » ; 54 « Le roy demande à la cour que les deniers des consignations luy soyent delivrez. Du jeudy 6 septembre 1515, post prandium » ; 55 « Inquisition faicte contre Charles Dormée, 1518 » ; 56 « Extraict du procez verbal des commissaires deputez par le roy contre ceux de l'Université de Paris, touchant les concordats d'entre le roy François I et le pape, l'an 1518, aoust » ; 57 « Lettres patentes du roy FRANÇOIS I, données à Paris, le 13 aoust 1519, touchant la reformation des couvents des Freres mineurs de l'ordre de S. François, en la province de Guyenne » ; 58 « Excommunication du pape LEON contre Thomas de Foix, seigneur de Lescun, lieutenant de monsieur de Lautrec au duché de Milan, pour avoir pris la ville de Regio. XVIIa julii 1521 » ; 59 « Le roy demande pour subvenir aux affaires de son royaume les tresors d'or et d'argent qui sont aux eglises. Mercredy, 7 juin 1522 » ; 60 « Lettres patentes du roy FRANÇOIS I. A. Sainct Germain en Laye, l'an 1522, le 21 d'octobre, touchant la reformation des çouvents de l'ordre de St François des provinces de Guyenne et de Languedoc » ; 61 « Ce qui se passa au parlement aux nouvelles de la prise du roy François I devant Pavie, l'an 1524, le 25 febvrier » ; 62 « Bref du pape CLEMENT VII à Louyse, duchesse d'Engoulesme, mere du roy François I, pour la consoler sur la prison et perte faite à la bataille de Pavie par son dict fils. Rome, l'an 1525, 4 mars » ; 63 « C'est la Forme qui a esté advisée entre le roy et monsieur le vice roy sur ce qui est requis de faire pour le faict de la delivrance dudict sieur roy, l'an 1525 » ; 64 « Arrest de la cour contre la Sorbonne. 1526, 13 aoust » ; 65 « Lettre de naturalité de Jule Cesar de Lescalle de Bourdonis, 1528 » ; 66 « Ce que le roy FRANÇOIS I dist et proposa en l'assemblée des nobles qui se feit en l'hostel de Bourbon à Paris, le 28 septembre 1529 » ; 67 « Memoire envoyé en Allemagne pour la justification du roy contre les calomnies de ses ennemis » ; 68 « Memoire d'exhortation pour la procession generale, de par monsieur de Paris, pour le retour du roy de sa prison » ; 69 « Lettre de recommandation au pape touchant la promesse par luy faicte de promouvoir monsieur de Paris au cardinalat » ; 70 « Plainte à la cour par les gens du roy de ce que le duc de Guise, gouverneur de Champagne et Brie, auroit par une commission enfrainct l'ordonnance du roy pour la vente des bleds es marchez et lieux publics, permettant aux chanoines de Rheims de vendre leurs grains dedans leurs greniers. 8 mai 1532 » ; 71 « Minute de la bulle des decimes. 1532 » ; 72 « Le roy faict tirer des prisons Bourbonius, accusé d'avoir faict des vers suspects d'heresie. 19 may 1534 » ; 73 « Lettres patentes du roy touchant l'octroy et offre de trois decimes faict par ceux du clergé de Chartres » ; 74 « Lettres patentes du roy FRANÇOIS I contre ceux qui ont opiné contre l'edict et reglement de Sa Majesté pour la reformation de la justice en Provence. 1537 » ; 75 « Exploict du sergent commis à la dicte execution » ; 76 « Grace donnée par l'empereur Charles V, passant en France. 1540 » ; 77 « La cour mande un president des requestes du palais pour estre interrogé sur le jugement d'un procez rendu aux dictes requestes, où fut appellé un advocat de la cour pour le departement, sabmedy 30 decembre 1542 » ; 78 « Le premier president mande à la cour de differer l'ouverture des audiences à un autre jour pour quelques raisons. Ceste matiere deliberée, la dicte cour arreste que nonobstant ce mandement l'ancienne ordonnance sera gardée et l'ouverture faicte. 19 janvier 1542 » ; 79 « Lettre du roy HENRY II au parlement, incontinant apres la mort du roy François I, et la response du parlement. 1er jour d'avril 1546 » ; 80 « Histoire particuliere de la court du roy Henry II. 1547 » ; 81 « Pour l'intelligence du faict de l'advocat Dumoulin et de son livre : Contra parvas datas abususque curiae romanae » ; 82 « La Prise de monsieur d'Andelot et Sipierre » ; 83 « La Journee de Renty » ; 84 « Trefves de Vaucelles » ; 85 « Le Voyage de l'admiral devers l'Empereur et le roy Philippes, pour la ratification de la trefve » ; 86 « L'Ordre du conseil faict par le roy Henry II à l'advenement de son regne. 3 apvril 1548 » ; 87 « Declaration du roy, contenant que la royne est receue à plaider en la cour de parlement par son procureur, comme le roy par le sien. 1549 » ; 88 « Lettre patente du roy HENRY II sur les facultez et pouvoirs donnez par le pape au docteur Orry, inquisiteur de la foy. 1550 » ; 89 « Lettres missives escrites à la cour par monsieur le connestable de MONTMORENCY, des 23 et 26 juin 1552 » ; 90 « Declaration du roy HENRY II, touchant les abbayes de la congregation de Chezau-Benoist. 1552 » ; 91 « Deposition du roy HENRY II en une enqueste d'examen à futur, faicte par un maistre des requestes. 1556 » ; 92 « Procez verbal d'un maistre des requestes, par lequel, en execution des lettres patentes du roy Henry II, pour faire un examen à futur de plusieurs tesmoins, est la forme de laquelle il usa pour ouyr le dict roy comme tesmoin audict examen à futur. 1556 » ; 93 « Relation de ce qui se passa au siege de Valence, en Lombardie, par l'armée de la saincte Ligue, conduicte par Mr le duc de Guise, 1556, janvier » ; 94 « Lettre escripte du camp du roy soubs la charge de monsieur de Guise, general de la saincte Ligue en Italie. Du camp devant Civitelle, le 8e may 1557 » ; 95 « Arrest pour la police des pauvres de la ville de Paris. 1556 » ; 96 « Voyage de monsieur de Guise en Italie. 1557 » ; 97 « Arrest de la cour de parlement, sur le don faict par le roy Henry II à monsieur de Guise, d'une maison dans la ville de Calais, apres que la dicte ville fut reprise sur les Anglois et remise en l'obeissance du roy par le dict sieur de Guise. Mardy XV febvrier 1557 » ; 98 « Instruction de la part de monsieur DE MONTLUC au Sr de La Tour, envoyé vers monsieur le duc de Guise. 1559 »