Ethyl biodiesel: Microwave irradiation aiding ethanolysis of waste cooking oil.

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Avaliação dos processos de tratamento do glicerol proveniente da produção do biodiesel

The substitution of diesel by biodiesel meets the current scenario to increase the consumption of alternative energy sources promoting sustainable development of a country. However, the production of biodiesel concurrently generates the formation of glycerine in the process is a by-product. The main application of glycerine is in the food industry, cosmetics, soaps, pharmaceuticals, among others, but these segments are not capable of absorbing the generated volume of glycerine, whereas the total volume of the biodiesel produced about 10% correspond to glycerine. Glycerine obtained from the transesterification reaction (necessary for production of biodiesel) triglycerides and alcohol contains certain impurities such as water, salts, esters, alcohol, and residual oil, which decrease the value. Thus, the purification process or the direct use of glycerine become essential to make it competitive biodiesel production process. This work aims to evaluate the different processes of purification and the use of glycerine obtained as by-product in the production of biodiesel. The research was theoretical, based on technical articles and theses published on this subject, and from these databases was established a summary of the most important processes

Lipases microbianas: produção, propriedades e aplicações biotecnológicas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq)

Nanozeólitas como suportes sólidos para imobilização enzimática: Síntese, caracterização de complexos nanozeólitas/enzimas e sua aplicação como catalisadores heterogêneos para produção de biodiesel via rota etílica

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Determinação de fósforo em biodiesel utilizando eletrodo quimicamente modificado com nanopartículas de ferro

Once petroleum is na exhaustible source of energy, alternative fuels are having more prominence. A much discussed option for replacing fossil fuels is the use of biofuels derived from oils or fats, especially biodiesel. The biodiesel preparation is through a reaction named transesterification, a reaction of triglycerides with a short chain alcohol with a catalyst, producing a mixture of fatty acid esters and glycerol. According to ANP (National Petroleum Agency) specifications, biodiesel can have contaminants due to the catalyst or oil used on its synthesis, such as phosphorus, wich can damage the catalytic converter and cause significant increase in the particles emission. This project aims to develop na alternative method using chemically modified electrodes with iron nanoparticles for determination of phosphorus in biodiesel. For the formation of the iron nanoparticles film on the surface of a glassy carbon electrode, was used a iron sulfate solution. The film was formed after 10 successive cycles, with a scanning speed of 50 mV s-1 and a potential range of -0,9 to -1,25 V. To reduce possible oxides on the surface and activate the electrode, it has been subjected to a cathodic polarization with a potential of -1,25 V for 15 minutes in a sodium hydroxide solution. In cyclic voltammograms obtained in the study of the speed of scanning, there is an increase in the intensity of the anodic and cathodic current peaks. The cathodic peak current varied linearly with the square root of scan rate, showing that the electrode is controlled by diffusion. After successive additions of phosphate there is a linear variation in the current peak in the concentration range of 1,0 x 10-7 a 1,0 x 10-6 mol L-1. To determine if the concentration of phosphorus in real sample, the method of adding standard was used by adding aliquots of phosphate ions in the solution containing soy biodiesel extracted with ....

Produção, imobilização e aplicação de lipase de Fusarium verticillioides

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Fungos endofíticos: prospecção de atividade biocatalítica e aplicação biotecnológica

Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia - IQ

Análise Energética do processo experimental de produção de Biodiesel a partir do óleo de frango

There is a great global concern about the depletion and the high cost of fossil fuel reserves exploitation, more than ever, it is necessary to make a profound study and take advantage of alternative sources that can be used as energy efficiency with an appropriate pricing and low environmental impact. Brazil, which has highlighted using alternative energy sources as the use of ethanol and, in recent years, has been encouraging the expansion of its energy matrix in which the biodiesel will have a strategic importance within the agrobusiness area. Biodiesel is a fuel that can replace the diesel, which is a petroleum derivative. It is an ester, produced in the transesterification reaction of vegetable oils and animal greases, in an alcohol with an additional catalyst, are converted into fatty acids and result in esters with glycerol as sub products. The objective of this study was to estimate the final energy balance for the process biodiesel production from oil chicken waste. The energy balance estimation was quantified in calorific value according to the energy expenditure by calorimetric bomb method. The relationship between input and output of energy was around 0.97. In a first evaluation, the procedures adopted should be improved enough, so the process can become energetic and economically viable.

Produção de biodiesel etílico utilizando óxidos mistos derivados de hidróxidos duplos lamelares como catalisadores

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Nanopartículas magnéticas como suporte para imobilização de lipases

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Influência de elementos terras raras nas propriedades catalíticas de óxidos derivados de hidrotalcitas para produção de biodiesel etílico

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Óxidos derivados de hidromagnesitas e hidrotalcitas modificadas como catalisadores heterogêneos na síntese de biodiesel etílico

Pós-graduação em Química - IBILCE

Estudos experimentais e teórico-computacionais de novos complexos nanozeólitas-enzimas empregados na produção de biocombustíveis

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Microcystis aeruginosa lipids as feedstock for biodiesel synthesis by enzymatic route

The cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa strain NPCD-1, isolated from sewage treatment plant and characterized as a non-microcystin producer by mass spectrometry and molecular analysis, was found to be a source of lipid when cultivated in ASM-1 medium at 25 degrees C under constant white fluorescent illumination (109 mu mol photon m(-2) s(-1)). In these conditions, biomass productivity of 46.92 +/- 3.84 mg L-1 day(-1) and lipid content of 28.10 +/- 1.47% were obtained. Quantitative analysis of fatty acid methyl esters demonstrated high concentration of saturated fatty acids (50%), palmitic (24.34%) and lauric (13.21%) acids being the major components. The remaining 50% constituting unsaturated fatty acids showed higher concentrations of oleic (26.88%) and linoleic (12.53%) acids. The feasibility to produce biodiesel from this cyanobacterial lipid was demonstrated by running enzymatic transesterification reactions catalyzed by Novozym (R) 435 and using palm oil as feedstock control. Batch experiments were carried out using tert-butanol and iso-octane as solvent. Results showed similarity on the main ethyl esters formed for both feedstocks. The highest ethyl ester concentration was related to palmitate and oleate esters followed by laurate and linoleate esters. However, both reaction rates and ester yields were dependent on the solvent tested. Total ethyl ester concentrations varied in the range of 44.24-67.84 wt%, corresponding to ester yields from 80 to 100%. Iso-octane provided better solubility and miscibility, with ester yield of 98.10% obtained at 48 h for reaction using the cyanobacterium lipid, while full conversion was achieved in 12 h for reaction carried out with palm oil. These results demonstrated that cyanobacterial lipids from M. aeruginosa NPCD-1 have interesting properties for biofuel production. (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Screening, immobilization and utilization of whole cell biocatalysts to mediate the ethanolysis of babassu oil

The screening. biomass growth of lipase-producing fungus isolated from different sources and available at URM (University Recife Mycologia). as well as, the immobilization and utilization of the whole cells for the transesterification of babassu oil were investigated. Rhizopus oryzae (URM 3231, 4692), Mucor circinelloides (URM 4140, 4182) and Penicillium citrinum URM 4216 were considered to be good intracellular lipase producers whereas those from Mucor hiemalis URM 4144 and Mucor piriformis URM 4145 were weaker. Fungi biomass containing high lipase activities was immobilized on different biomass support particles (BSPs) and with the exception of Penicillium citrinum URM 4216 all the other fungi strains exhibited high lipase activity (20-50 Ug(-1)) when immobilized in situ using polyurethane foam particles. Transesterification activities of the immobilized whole cells were evaluated in the ethanolysis reaction with babassu oil and the highest performance was attained by M. circinelloides URM 4182 giving 83.22 +/- 3.68% ester yield in less than 96 h reaction. The biocatalyst operational stability was also assessed and an inactivation profile was found to follow the Arrhenius model, revealing values of 26 days and 2.6 x 10(-2)day(-1), for half-life and a deactivation coefficient, respectively. The purified product (biodiesel) exhibited viscosity (6.63 cSt) close to the value to attend specifications by the ASTM 06751 to be used as biofuel. Results are favorable compared with data already reported in the literature and demonstrated that M. circinelloides URM 4182 whole cells is a cheaper biocatalyst that can be used in the biodiesel synthesis. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.