1000 resultados para perdas na produção


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Products derived from wood or engineered products are becoming interesting alternatives to the replacement of solid wood in various applications, from structural components to the furniture industry and packaging. Among these products, there are panels built by strands, particles and fibers, each one having their particular characteristics and potential of use. Since the different types of panels are produced, waste generation is part of the process, and that more technological it is, it still generates losses of raw materials. Based on the need for rational use of raw materials and using almost full of industrially processed wood, It arises the proposal of this work, which seeks to use waste from the lamination, like pieces of strands, broken strands, strands rough, cracked strands to produce panels with structural characteristics of the OSL panel (Oriented Strand Lumber), LSL (Laminated Strand Lumber) and OSB (Oriented Strand Lumber). Besides the use of waste, this paper seeks an alternative to the use of the adhesive, because the industry uses formaldehyde-based adhesives, which over the press, they emit large amounts of formaldehyde, which is very aggressive to humans and environment. The panels made with polyurethane resin based on castor oil and hot-pressed were characterized by physical and mechanical tests according to specifications of European Standard (EN). High values of tensile strength, elastic modulus and density were found in the results of tests. Adding to stable values of swelling and moisture content, the panel studied adds attractive features to the panel market, especially in the civil construction

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Streptomyces clavuligerus é uma importante espécie industrial que produz múltiplos compostos de interesse clínico, destacando-se o antibiótico cefamicina C (CefC) e o ácido clavulânico (AC), um potente inibidor de b-lactamases produzidas por bactérias resistentes a penicilinas e cefalosporinas. Sabe-se que situações limite como subculturas sucessivas, forma inadequada de armazenamento das células, variações bruscas de condições de cultura, podem causar deleções de mais de 25% dos genes de Streptomyces sp que, embora muitas vezes não comprometam a sobrevivência do micro-organismo, acarretam perdas na capacidade produtiva. Neste trabalho, investigou-se a estabilidade da linhagem selvagem S. clavuligerus ATCC 27064 quanto à produção de CefC variando-se condições do inóculo utilizado nos cultivos submersos de obtenção do antibiótico. As fermentações foram realizadas em frascos agitados (28ºC, 260 rpm) e as amostras coletadas em 48 e 72 horas do caldo fermentativo foram analisadas quanto ao pH, biomassa (massa seca a 105ºC por 24 h) e CefC foi determinada por bioensaio de difusão em ágar (bactéria-teste Escherichia coli ESS 2235). Foi selecionado o micro-organismo melhor produtor por meio de screening, e o que apresentou a melhor produção de CefC e os menores desvios com relação à média foi utilizado para preparar novos lotes de células: ampolas de micélios liofilizados e criotubos contendo 108 esporos.mL-1 . Observou-se que a capacidade produtiva foi afetada quando foram utilizadas subculturas do micro-organismo original. A realização do screening mostrou-se eficiente na seleção de colônias superiores em termos de produção volumétrica, sendo recomendada a realização de tal procedimento periodicamente para manutenção de uma linhagem com maior potencial produtivo... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)

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The dairy sector has undergone considerable economic losses due to low fertility rates due to adverse effects of heat stress on reproduction of cows. Genetic selection for increased production, coupled with the expanding dairy to tropical areas of the planet, and global warming has further aggravated the problem of heat stress. The effects of heat stress are multifactorial and act directly or indirectly at various levels of reproductive tissues, resulting in low fertility of cows, which in practice, results in reduced reproductive efficiency in the property, reducing the producers’ profit. Some strategies related to breeding biotechnology such as fixed-time artificial insemination, embryo transfer and use of BST, can minimize these effects and improve the reproductive efficiency of the herd

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In vitro production of bovine embryo (IVP) has become a remarkable assisted reproduction biotechnology in Brazil, once it is considered an important tool for the genetic improvement of the herd. However, many abnormalities are associated with IVP technologies, such as higher incidences of embryo loss, abortions, hydrallantois and dystocia, prolonged gestation, increased birth weight and high perinatal mortality. Collectively, these abnormalities are known as “Large Offspring Syndrome”, which has limited the large-scale use of IVP technologies in cattle industry

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In São Paulo state, deforestation and agriculture activities are increasing soil losses processes, especially in areas of susceptible soils where properties not adopt soil conservation practices. Environmental adequacy at property level regarding Permanent Protection Areas and Legal Reserves is considered a factor on reducing soil losses and considering that we assessed soil losses of different scenario of environmental adequacy. Simulations of erosive process were carried out in 15 catchments of Corumbataí river basin, according to different forest restoration scenarios, as well as the current situation of land use/land cover. The scenarios include the implementation of Permanent Preservation Areas (PPA), the reforestation of variable source areas, and two scenarios, the Legal Reserve installation in 20% of each catchment, being one of them for most critical areas in terms of erosion and the other at random. It was observed that the establishment of PPA and the reforestation of hydrologically sensitive areas, offered only a small contribution to the control of the erosive process, resulting in a reduction of 10% and 7,8%, respectively, while the legal reserve in critical areas has a significant reduction of 69,8%. The random scenario, in turn, resulted in a reduction of only 21,4%. Results show that reforestation could reduce soil losses, but previous studies of land prioritization and planning could increase significantly its efficiency at this process.

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In today's competitive environment of automakers, it is essential to obtain the highest efficiency of the production process. This paper presents a study in a pre-assembly of brake pipes and fuel of a vehicle where the value stream maps and information (VSM – Value Stream Mapping) were designed in order to improve the process by reducing the Lead Time Production of a product, reducing waste and decrease time between processes. This work can be divided into three stages, the first building the VSM of the initial state, the second VSM of the proposed state and finally the VSM than was actually performed and to present the gains were achieved effectively. The proposed VSM would lead to a gain of 54% in lead time and 61% in processing time, since the VSM implemented had gains of 47% in lead time and 48% in processing time even without major investments as originally proposed. Concluding that even without big investment, using the techniques of lean manufacturing is possible to achieve high levels of process efficiency

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This paper seeks to show which impacts there are of the combined use of different modal for the coffee’s outflow. Nowadays is used, almost exclusively, the roadway to transport. How-ever, for this product with low added value, the types of transports best suited, in the litera-ture, are the railway and waterway. For this, is describe the development and spread of coffee throughout Brazil. Subsequently, is calculate the current cost of transporting two producing regions (Minas Gerais and Rondônia), using for that information about the freight, the social cost, and the level of losses along the way. After that is projected costs if utilizes the multi-modal model, when considering the same cost parameters used for the current model. Here-after, an analysis is made of the obtained cost, speed, consistency, capacity, availability and frequency of each transport model. Therefore, note that the multi-modal system is more ef-ficient and economical than current, based on transport by road

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In industrial plants, there is a department responsible for planning the use of productive resources to find the best possible way to set out plans in strategic, tactical and operational levels. This department is known as PCP or PPCP, which means Planning and Production Control and Planning, Programming and Production Control, respectively. This work presents the use of some of the tools from this department, in particular the Aggregate Production Planning, to propose a new layout of electronic nutrunners for an auto parts industry output line. Through some process indicators analyzes, was identified some productivity losses. The higher loss rate occurred by the electronic nutrunners breaking, and so this work was focused in these devices. Some premises were adopted for the use of electronic nut runners, setting an ideal cycle time for the operation of the production line and making calculations to define the minimum amount of electronic nutrunners to find the production demand without damaging the equipment. With this work we observed that a relevant factor for the constant breaks of electronic nutrunners is because these are working with overload, in other words, the amount of installed equipment is not enough to supply the demand without failures

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Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Agricultura) - FCA

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Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

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As atuais estratégias de formulação exigiram a aplicação de novas ferramentas computacionais, que utilizam a modelagem matemática, dando suporte na tomada de decisão para uma nutrição de precisão. Por este motivo, destaca-se a programação não linear, que não visa apenas formular uma dieta que atenda as necessidades do animal, segundo o custo mínimo, mas também maximizar a margem de lucro. Assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo validar a utilização do modelo/princípio não linear (PNL), com maximização do retorno econômico, através de estimativas de desempenho das aves e dos custos da ração, segundo a variação de preço do kg do frango de corte (preço médio histórico de 2009 e 2010), as fases de criação e do sexo. Para tanto, foram utilizados 480 pintos de corte, 240 machos e 240 fêmeas de mesma linhagem (Cobb 500), no período de 1 a 56 dias de idade. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso, totalizando 6 tratamentos (aumentado ou diminuído em 25% ou 50% o preço médio histórico), com 4 repetições e 10 aves por parcela experimental. As aves foram alimentadas ad libitum com água e rações experimentais, formuladas à base de milho, farelo de soja, óleo de soja, suplemento vitamínico e mineral, calcário e fosfato bicálcico. Foi avaliado o desempenho (ganho de peso, consumo e conversão alimentar), consumo total energético e lucro nas diferentes fases (inicial, crescimento e terminação). O consumo de ração mostrou diferença significativa (P<0,05) entre as dietas que foram formuladas segundo o princípio não linear e linear. O consumo total energético foi significativamente influenciado (P<0,05) tanto pelo princípio de formulação como pela variação do preço histórico do frango, sendo o esperado, uma vez que essa condição é que viabiliza a aplicação do modelo para máximo lucro. Quanto ao lucro foi demonstrado que o princípio de formulação não linear permite minimizar as perdas significativamente (P<0,05), principalmente em condições desfavoráveis do preço do frango no mercado. Conclui-se que a programação não linear favorece a nutrição de precisão, partindo de um principio que este método oferece novas oportunidades para a produção de aves e melhorias de rentabilidade.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

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The objective of this work was to evaluate the sediment production in the initial part of the Pardo River Basin - Botucatu/SP from 1994 to 1999, using the mathematical hydrological model SWAT. It was used topographic maps and satellite data manipulated in GIS using the software SPRING 5.1.6. The simulation of sediment production was generated with the aid of an interface between the hydrological model SWAT 2009 with ArcView ®, version 9.3. The maps of Soil, Land Use and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) were generated in the GIS-SPRING 5.1.6 and exported to ArcSWAT 2009. The tabular data related to the parameters of soil and meteorological parameters were entered directly to the SWAT. The model allowed to estimate the sediment production. A sediment average production rate of 33.866 ton ha-1 over the six years of study was computed in the point of discharge of the basin.

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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)