Cirurgia de fraturas ósseas na osteoporose: Fraturas da coluna vertebral

As fraturas que ocorrem no osso osteoporótico são por definição estrita fraturas patológicas. Podem estar relacionadas com quedas da própria altura ou de traumatismos de baixa energia cinética e envolvem habitualmente a anca, o punho, a coluna vertebral e o ombro. As fraturas osteoporóticas a que se associa a sarcopenia, representam um sério problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo, com uma proporção epidémica e um impacto devastador na morbilidade e mortalidade dos pacientes, assim como nos custos socioeconómicos. Apesar dos avanços registados na prevenção e no tratamento farmacológico da osteoporose bem como no tratamento cirúrgico das fraturas ósseas, continuam a ser desenvolvidos novos biomateriais metálicos e substitutos sintéticos do osso com a intenção de se conseguir alcançar melhores resultados clínicos. Dentro deste contexto incluem-se os cimentos hidráulicos, os parafusos expansivos, os parafusos dinâmicos, as malhas metálicas de titânio, as placas bloqueadas, entre outros, em conjugação com técnicas minimamente invasivas e com diferentes estratégias cirúrgicas. O objetivo central deste trabalho assenta nas modalidades cirúrgicas mais usadas para o tratamento das fraturas em osso osteoporótico, com especial destaque para as fraturas da coluna vertebral.

Estudio epidemiológico retrospectivo de neoplasias diagnosticadas por histopatología en caninos en una clínica veterinaria de Bogotá D. C.

Tesis (Médico Veterinario). -- Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Programa de Medicina Veterinaria, 2014

Análisis retrospectivo sobre la presentación de neoplasias en la glándula mamaria en caninos en la clínica de pequeños animales de La Universidad de La Salle en la ciudad de Bogotá

Tesis (Médico Veterinario). -- Universidad de La Salle. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias. Programa de Medicina Veterinaria, 2014

Contribuições para a deteção automática de fratiras ósseas em imagens de ultrassom

Dissertação de Mestrado, Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicações, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade do Algarve, 2014

Neoplasias y seudoneoplasias en el hurón (Mustela putorius furo)

El hurón (Mustela putorius furo) se ha convertido en una mascota exótica muy popular. Las enfermedades neoplásicas de los hurones son una sección relevante en la patología quirúrgica veterinaria. En este trabajo se presentan la descripción morfológica y el diagnóstico de 9 neoplasias y otras 3 pseudoneoplasias. Los diagnósticos corresponden a biopsias recibidas en un laboratorio particular de patología veterinaria en Monterrey, N.L., durante el período enero 2010 a diciembre 2014. Los diagnósticos incluyen: tumor de células cebadas (2/12), linfoma (2/12), mesotelioma en peritoneo (1/12), epitelioma sebáceo (1/12), leiomiosarcoma (1/12), cordoma (1/12), carcinoma cortical adrenal (1/12). En algunos casos cuando así lo ameritaba se realizaron tinciones especiales e inmunohistoquímica. Las lesiones pseudoneoplásicas resultaron ser linfadenitis (1/12) esplenomegalia (1/12) y quiste de glándulas apócrinas (1/12). En un hurón se demostró la concomitancia de dos lesiones, quiste de glándulas apócrinas y mastocitoma. En este estudio se reconoció un cordoma y un carcinoma cortical de adrenal, neoplasias raras en animales pero frecuentes en el hurón. Sin embargo, no se identificó el insulinoma, también referido frecuentemente en hurones. Esto puede deberse al escaso número de muestras. La presentación espontánea de neoplasias en el hurón constituye un área de enorme interés en patología quirúrgica veterinaria y también en patología comparada.

Melhoria da atenção à prevenção e controle das neoplasias de colo de útero e mama na UBS Recreio/Anajás, Piripiri/PI

O trabalho foi desenvolvido no período de três meses, entre agosto e novembro de 2014, preferencialmente em mulheres dentro das faixas etárias alvo para controle e rastreamento de câncer de colo uterino e neoplasia de mama. A UBS 05-Recreio/Anajás localizada no município de Piripiri-PI, possui 898 famílias, 2915 usuários cadastrados, com 42% de citologias e 16 % de mamografias atualizadas. O câncer de colo de útero e o câncer de mama são os cânceres de maior prevalência em se tratando da saúde da mulher, doenças com grandes chances de cura quando diagnosticadas oportunamente por meio de rastreamento adequado. A finalidade da Estratégia da Saúde da Família, como atenção primária em saúde, é oportunizar a captação da mulher para o rastreamento de câncer de colo de útero e de mama. O trabalho teve como objetivo geral melhorar a promoção de saúde e a atenção à prevenção e controle, de neoplasia de colo de útero e neoplasia mamaria de uma comunidade urbana no município de Piripiri, estado do Piauí. A adoção do Caderno de Atenção Básica - n.º 13 (2013) Controle dos Cânceres de Colo de Útero e de Mama como referencial busca contribuir para a sistematização do acompanhamento na unidade de saúde. Para isso foi necessário sistematizar os cuidados de saúde através da intervenção, analisando a questão do controle dos cânceres de colo uterino e de mama sob a ótica da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) no município de PIRIPIRI-PI. Os profissionais da unidade de saúde e a comunidade foram envolvidos através do estabelecimento de objetivos, metas, ações e indicadores que visam contribuir com a melhoria da atenção à saúde e, consequentemente, da qualidade de vida das mulheres assistidas. A presente sistematização desenvolveu ações em quatro grandes eixos, monitoramento e avaliação, organização e gestão do serviço, engajamento público e qualificação da prática clínica. Descreve-se neste trabalho a experiência da intervenção realizada no período de três meses pelos profissionais da UBS em mulheres nas faixas etárias preconizadas residentes na área de abrangência da unidade básica de saúde. Os resultados mostram que as mulheres precisam de um acompanhamento, orientação e informações necessárias para melhorias nos cuidados com a saúde. A intervenção, além de trazer mudanças relacionadas ao trabalho da equipe da UBS Recreio em Piripiri, trouxe melhorias no registro das informações de acompanhamento e estimulou a participação da comunidade na busca pelo acompanhamento e realização dos exames de detecção precoce. A evolução dos indicadores foi positiva, a intervenção alcançou porcentagens próximas às metas em alguns indicadores. O projeto de intervenção foi uma experiência que através do acompanhamento na unidade de saúde podem-se vivenciar os conceitos básicos de atenção primária e percebeu-se a necessidade de se fortalecer as políticas de saúde para controle das neoplasias femininas mais prevalentes em nosso meio.

Histologic Correlation Of Expression Of Ki-67 In Squamous Cell Carcinoma Of The Glottis According To The Degree Of Cell Differentiation.

Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common neoplasm of the larynx and glottis, and its prognosis depends on the size of the lesion, level of local invasion, cervical lymphatic spread, and presence of distant metastases. Ki-67 (MKI67) is a protein present in the core, whose function is related to cell proliferation. To evaluate the expression of marker Ki-67 in squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx and glottis and its correlation to pathological findings. Experimental study with immunohistochemistry analysis of Ki-67, calculating the percentage of the cell proliferation index in glottic squamous cell carcinomas. Sixteen cases were analyzed, with six well-differentiated and 10 poorly/moderately differentiated tumors. There was a correlation between cell proliferation index and degree of cell differentiation, with higher proliferation in poorly/moderately differentiated tumors. The cell proliferation index, as measured by Ki-67, may be useful in the characterization of histological degree in glottic squamous cell tumors.

[larynx Cancer: Quality Of Life And Voice After Treatment].

Treatments for patients with laryngeal cancer often have an impact on physical, social, and psychological functions. To evaluate quality of life and voice in patients treated for advanced laryngeal cancer through surgery or exclusive chemoradiation. Retrospective cohort study with 30 patients free from disease: ten total laryngectomy patients without production of esophageal speech (ES); ten total laryngectomy patients with tracheoesophageal speech (TES), and ten with laryngeal speech. Quality of life was measured by SF-36, Voice-Related Quality of Life (V-RQOL), and Voice Handicap Index (VHI) protocols, applied on the same day. The SF-36 showed that patients who received exclusive chemoradiotherapy had better quality of life than the TES and ES groups. The V-RQOL showed that the voice-related quality of life was lower in the ES group. In the VHI, the ES group showed higher scores for overall, emotional, functional, and organic VHI. Quality of life and voice in patients treated with chemoradiotherapy was better than in patients treated surgically. The type of medical treatment used in patients with laryngeal cancer can bring changes in quality of life and voice.

[repeated Fine-needle Aspiration Cytology For The Diagnosis And Follow-up Of Thyroid Nodules].

The recently-proposed Bethesda reporting system has offered clinical recommendations for each category of reported thyroid cytology, including repeated fine-needle aspiration (FNA) for non-diagnostic and atypia/follicular lesions of undetermined significance, but there are no sound indications for repeated examination after an initial benign exam. To investigate the clinical validity of repeated FNA in the management of patients with thyroid nodules. The present study evaluated 412 consecutive patients who had repeated aspiration biopsies of thyroid nodules after an initial non-diagnostic, atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance, or benign cytology. The majority of patients were female (93.5%) ranging from 13 to 83 years. Non-diagnostic cytology was the most common indication for a repeated examination in 237 patients (57.5%), followed by benign (36.8%), and A/FLUS (5.6%) cytology. A repeated examination altered the initial diagnosis in 70.5% and 78.3% of the non-diagnostic and A/FLUS patients, respectively, whereas only 28.9% of patients with a benign cytology presented with a different diagnosis on a sequential FNA. Repeat FNA is a valuable procedure in cases with initial non-diagnostic or A/FLUS cytology, but its routine use for patients with an initial benign examination appears to not increase the expected likelihood of a malignant finding.

Key Participants Of The Tumor Microenvironment Of The Prostate: An Approach Of The Structural Dynamic Of Cellular Elements And Extracellular Matrix Components During Epithelial-stromal Transition.

Cancer is a multistep process that begins with the transformation of normal epithelial cells and continues with tumor growth, stromal invasion and metastasis. The remodeling of the peritumoral environment is decisive for the onset of tumor invasiveness. This event is dependent on epithelial-stromal interactions, degradation of extracellular matrix components and reorganization of fibrillar components. Our research group has studied in a new proposed rodent model the participation of cellular and molecular components in the prostate microenvironment that contributes to cancer progression. Our group adopted the gerbil Meriones unguiculatus as an alternative experimental model for prostate cancer study. This model has presented significant responses to hormonal treatments and to development of spontaneous and induced neoplasias. The data obtained indicate reorganization of type I collagen fibers and reticular fibers, synthesis of new components such as tenascin and proteoglycans, degradation of basement membrane components and elastic fibers and increased expression of metalloproteinases. Fibroblasts that border the region, apparently participate in the stromal reaction. The roles of each of these events, as well as some signaling molecules, participants of neoplastic progression and factors that promote genetic reprogramming during epithelial-stromal transition are also discussed.

Análise epidemiológica das fraturas acetabulares

This aim of this work was to carry out an epidemiological study on acetabular fractures in the city of Campinas and surrounds, in view of the few published papers on this subject. Medical files with a diagnosis of acetabular fracture between the years 2004 and 2008 that were made available by the Medical Archiving Service of Hospital das Clínicas, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) were analyzed by six observers. Data on patients' ages, sex, side affected by the fracture, mechanism of injury, material used for synthesis, complications of the operation, associated fractures, length of hospitalization before and after the surgery, time of total internment and number of physiotherapy sessions before and after the surgery were gathered. It was observed in this population that the left side was more affected; the mechanism of injury that most often caused this type of fracture was automobile accidents; injuries to the sciatic nerve were the commonest surgical complications; and the synthesis material most used was reconstruction plates.

Estudo inicial da degradação in vivo de poli(L-co-D,L ácido lático), sintetizado em laboratório, aplicado como prótese tibial em coelhos

The copolymer poly (L-co-D,L lactic acid), PLDLA, has gained prominence in the field of temporary prostheses due to the fact that their time of degradation is quite compatible with the requirement in the case of osseous fracture. In this work the in vivo degradation of devices from copolymer, as a system of plates and screws, used in fixation of the tibia of rabbits was studied. The devices were implanted in 15 adult rabbits, albinos, New Zealand race, and they were used as control devices of alloys of titanium (Ti-6Al-4V/ V grade). The use of copolymers, synthesized in the laboratory, was tested in the repair of fracture in rabbits'tibias, being assessed in the following times: 2 weeks, 2 months and 3 months. Morphological analysis of tissue surrounding the plate and screw system, for 2 weeks of implantation, showed the presence of osteoblasts, indicating a pre bone formation. After 2 months there was new bone formation in the region in contact with the polymer. This bone growth occurred simultaneously with the process of PLDLA degradation, invading the region where there was polymer and after 3 months there was an intense degradation of the copolymer and hence greater tissue invasion compared to 2 months which characterized bone formation in a region where the polymer degraded. The in vivo degradation study of the devices for PLDLA by means of histological evaluations during the period of consolidation of the fracture showed the efficiency of plate and screw system, and it was possible to check formation of bone tissue at the implantation site, without the presence of inflammatory reaction

Ocular masquerade syndrome associated with extranodal nasal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma: case report

A 33-year-old woman complained of unilateral eyelid edema and blurred vision. Initial ophthalmic examination disclosed anterior chamber reaction with keratic precipitates on the cornea, without posterior abnormalities. Anterior uveitis was treated. Despite that, patient showed rapidly progressive unilateral vision loss with optic nerve swelling. Systemic workup was inconclusive, as well as cranial magnetic resonance imaging and cerebrospinal fluid examination. Based on the hypothesis of optic neuritis, intravenous methylprednisolone pulse was performed with no success. During the following days, the patient presented pericardial effusion and cardiac tamponade, progressing to death. Necropsy was performed and diagnosis of extranodal natural killers/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type with ocular involvement was confirmed by immunohistochemistry.

Aspecto tumoral da cisticercose intracraniana: abordagem cirúrgica

The cerebral cysticercosis can produce intracranial hypertension by inflammatory obstruction of the basal cysterns or by expansive lesion in the cerebral parenchima or ventricular cavities. In the latter and in tumor cases the clinical picture is very similar and only after surgery can the etiology be determined. We present 11 operated cases of intracranial cysticercosis which presented the clinical picture of an expansive lesion. There were 7 females and 4 males with ages between 4 and 65 years. Nine patients were admitted because of headache, vomiting and visual disturbances suggestive of intracranial hypertension. One patient was admited with lymphocytic meningitis and another with focal seizures following hemiparesis. Five patients presented focal signs and six edema of the papilla. Epileptic manifestations were present in 45.5% of the cases. A plain X-ray films of the skull failed to reveal calcificatons, however signs of chronic hypertension were present in three cases. The electroencephalogram showed slow focal waves in 8 patients The spinal fluid examination revealed lymphocytosis in 4 cases, increased protein content in another 4 and complement fixation for cysticercosis was positive in 2 cases. The expansive lesions were localized by angiograph and ventriculography. In these the location was temporal in 4, frontal in 3, parietal in 2, in the third ventricle in one and in the fourth ventricle in another. At surgery we removed a large cyst from the cerebral parenchyma in six cases. Around the cyst a thick glial reaction was present. In the other cases the cyst was small but fixed to the ventricular trigone and produced dilatation of the inferior horn of the lateral ventricle. In two cases we removed a solitary intraventricular cyst from the third and fourth ventricles. In the two children operated upon there were several small hard cysts involving the cerebral parenchyma which displayed intense gliosis. There were no postoperative complications.

Familial glioblastoma

The authors describe a family with three members affected by glioblastoma. The proband patient, a 7 year-old girl, developed a rare complication, a pulmonary metastasis. Chromosomal analysis of her peripheral blood lymphocytes showed a normal karyotype (46, XX), without structural abnormalities. Cytogenetic study of the tumor cells disclosed several abnormalities: 46, XX, 7q - / 46, XX, -2, 4p-, 7p-, +15/ 46, XX. Some aspects about genetics of glial neoplasms are discussed.