Biennial report /

Reports on activities of the Illinois Army National Guard and the Illinois Air National Guard.

European War pamphlets

A collection of miscellaneous pamphlets on World War I.

What a geologist can do in war,

Mode of access: Internet.

Education and training of American workers : paper prepared for the OECD National Experts Group on Training Statistics.

"June 1990."

Final report of the battlefield of Gettysburg ...

Contains New York at Gettysburg, by William F. Fox ; Dedication of the monuments erected in honor of the New York regiments at Gettysburg. Orations, addresses and regimental histories. Ed. by William F. Fox. Location, dimensions, construction and cost of each of the New York monuments at Gettysburg.

Department of Defense authorization for appropriations for fiscal years 1990 and 1991 : hearings before the Committee on Armed Services, United States Senate, One Hundred First Congress, first session, on S. 1085 ...

Item 1034-A, 1034-B (MF).

Examining the process of regime change in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization: The divide between rhetoric and reality

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is a product of the Cold War through which its members organized their military forces for the purpose of collective defense against the common threat of Soviet-backed aggression. Employing the terminology of regime theory, the creation of NATO can be viewed as the introduction of an international security regime. Throughout the Cold War, NATO member states preserved their commitment to mutual defense while increasingly engaging in activities aimed at overcoming the division of Europe and promoting regional stability. The end of the Cold War has served as the catalyst for a new period of regime change as the Alliance introduced elements of a collective security regime by expanding its mandate to address new security challenges and reorganizing both its political and military organizational structures. ^ This research involves an interpretive analysis of NATO's evolution applying ideal theoretical constructs associated with distinct approaches to regime analysis. The process of regime change is investigated over several periods throughout the history of the Alliance in an effort to understand the Alliance's changing commitment to collective security. This research involves a review of regime theory literature, consisting of an examination of primary source documentation, including official documents and treaties, as well as a review of numerous secondary sources. This review is organized around a typology of power-based, organization-based, and norm-based approaches to regime analysis. This dissertation argues that the process of regime change within NATO is best understood by examining factors associated with multiple theoretical constructs. Relevant factors provide insights into the practice of collective security among NATO member states within Europe, while accounting for the inability of the NATO allies to build on the experience gained within Europe to play a more central role in operations outside of this region. This research contributes to a greater understanding of the nature of international regimes and the process of regime change, while offering recommendations aimed at increasing NATO's viability as a source of greater security and more meaningful international cooperation.^

A state of war: Florida from 1939 to 1945

World War II profoundly impacted Florida. The military geography of the State is essential to an understanding the war. The geostrategic concerns of place and space determined that Florida would become a statewide military base. Florida's attributes of place such as climate and topography determined its use as a military academy hosting over two million soldiers, nearly 15 percent of the GI Army, the largest force the US ever raised. One-in-eight Floridians went into uniform. Equally, Florida's space on the planet made it central for both defensive and offensive strategies. The Second World War was a war of movement, and Florida was a major jump off point for US force projection world-wide, especially of air power. Florida's demography facilitated its use as a base camp for the assembly and engagement of this military power. In 1940, less than two percent of the US population lived in Florida, a quiet, barely populated backwater of the United States. But owing to its critical place and space, over the next few years it became a 65,000 square mile training ground, supply dump, and embarkation site vital to the US war effort. Because of its place astride some of the most important sea lanes in the Atlantic World, Florida was the scene of one of the few Western Hemisphere battles of the war. The militarization of Florida began long before Pearl Harbor. The pre-war buildup conformed to the US strategy of the war. The strategy of theUS was then (and remains today) one of forward defense: harden the frontier, then take the battle to the enemy, rather than fight them in North America. The policy of "Europe First," focused the main US war effort on the defeat of Hitler's Germany, evaluated to be the most dangerous enemy. In Florida were established the military forces requiring the longest time to develop, and most needed to defeat the Axis. Those were a naval aviation force for sea-borne hostilities, a heavy bombing force for reducing enemy industrial states, and an aerial logistics train for overseas supply of expeditionary campaigns. The unique Florida coastline made possible the seaborne invasion training demanded for US victory. The civilian population was employed assembling mass-produced first-generation container ships, while Floridahosted casualties, Prisoners-of-War, and transient personnel moving between the Atlantic and Pacific. By the end of hostilities and the lifting of Unlimited Emergency, officially on December 31, 1946, Floridahad become a transportation nexus. Florida accommodated a return of demobilized soldiers, a migration of displaced persons, and evolved into a modern veterans' colonia. It was instrumental in fashioning the modern US military, while remaining a center of the active National Defense establishment. Those are the themes of this work.

Rightful Resistance in the Colombian conflict. A theoretical reflection based on a Peace Community

This article considers the opportunities of civilians to peacefully resist violent conflicts or civil wars. The argument developed here is based on a field-based research on the peace community San José de Apartadó in Colombia. The analytical and theoretical framework, which delimits the use of the term ‘resistance’ in this article, builds on the conceptual considerations of Hollander and Einwohner (2004) and on the theoretical concept of ‘rightful resistance’ developed by O’Brien (1996). Beginning with a conflict-analytical classification of the case study, we will describe the long-term socio-historical processes and the organizational experiences of the civilian population, which favoured the emergence of this resistance initiative. The analytical approach to the dimensions and aims of the resistance of this peace community leads to the differentiation of O`Brian’s concept of ‘rightful resistance’.

La Unión Europea y la OTAN en el marco de la nueva Estrategia Global de Seguridad de la Unión Europea

El artículo analiza la relación entre la Unión Europea y la OTAN en cuestiones de defensa, según se ha reflejado en las estrategias de seguridad de la Unión Europea, con particular atención a la Estrategia Global de la Unión Europea presentada en 2016. Se estudia la Estrategia de Seguridad Europea de 2003, el Informe de Implementación de 2008, y las nuevas aproximaciones al contexto internacional y a la seguridad europea que se reflejan en la Estrategia Global. Se analiza también el papel de la OTAN, así como la evolución de la política de seguridad de los Estados Unidos hacia Europa durante la Administración Obama. Finalmente se discute el posible futuro de la Política Común de Seguridad y Defensa de la UE (PCSD) después del Bréxit, así como las consecuencias para su relación con la OTAN.

Applying the security-development nexus on the ground: Land restitution in Colombia

The general consensus on the security-development nexus is that both are key to achieving sustainable peace in war-torn societies. However, this debate has largely taken place among international actors, with little empirical evidence about how security and development relate to each other or are even considered by local actors. The current paper applies the security-development nexus to the case of land restitution in Colombia. Following decades of internal armed conflict, in 2012 the national government passed sweeping land restitution legislation amid on-going violence. Through in-depth interviews and focus groups with multiple actors involved in this process, ranging from international organizations to national government units, from regional institutions to local communities, the paper analyses the objectives, impact, challenges and opportunities for land restitution related to security and development. Undermining peacebuilding, a lack of coherence in the integration of security and development priorities limits the extent to which either supports, or is promoted by, land restitution efforts in Colombia. The paper concludes with reflections on how the security-development nexus may promote peacebuilding amid on-going conflict.

Passivity Framework for Modeling, Composing and Mitigating Cyber Attacks

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2016-08

A evolução técnica e orgânica das Unidades de Manobra de Cavalaria no pós-Guerra Fria (1993-2015)

A Guerra e os Exércitos que nela tomam parte, nunca se mantiveram como imutáveis ao longo de séculos de História Militar. Analisando os últimos 22 anos, verifica-se que existiram alterações vividas no contexto Político-Militar Internacional que, por sua vez, repercutiram-se e moldaram a conjetura nacional. São diversas as modificações reproduzindo-se em diversos níveis das estruturas Militares e, consequentemente, afetando a Arma de Cavalaria, também ela marcadamente alvo de alterações. Com o intuito de estudar parte dessas mesmas alterações, surge o presente relatório subordinando-se ao tema A evolução Técnica e Orgânica das Unidades de Manobra de Cavalaria no pós-Guerra Fria (1993-2015), enquadrado no Mestrado em Cavalaria ministrado pela Academia Militar. Com a elaboração do presente relatório, pretende-se concorrer para identificar uma parte relevante das alterações sofridas pelas Unidades de Manobra de Cavalaria, aos níveis técnico e orgânico, desde o fim da Guerra Fria até à atualidade. Com vista a alcançar este objetivo, numa abordagem dedutiva estudam-se as Unidades de Manobra da Cavalaria do Escalão Grupo até ao Escalão Pelotão e compara-se a sua evolução nos últimos 22 anos, mediante duas variáveis distintas. A primeira ao nível Orgânico, onde são abordados itens como a Composição Esquemática e o número de Efetivos explanados nos Quadros Orgânicos das respetivas Unidades. A segunda variável ao nível dos Principais Sistemas de Armas que equiparam e equipam as Unidades em estudo. Nesta variável são estudados itens como a Mobilidade e o Poder de Fogo desses mesmos Sistemas de Armas. No sentido de operacionalizar a comparação acima referida foi empregue o Método de Procedimento Comparativo, numa abordagem Mista, onde são utilizados dados recolhidos através de Análise Documental e de Pesquisa Bibliográfica. O Relatório inicia-se com um breve Quadro Conceptual, apresentando-se de seguida uma síntese relativa ao contexto Político-Militar Internacional vivido na Guerra Fria e Pós-Guerra Fria. Posteriormente, são apresentadas as Unidades de Manobra de Cavalaria e todos os resultados referentes à pesquisa. Fruto da análise feita, são várias as conclusões que foram sendo determinadas. Com respeito à Orgânica, conclui-se que existiram alterações significativas aos Quadros Orgânicos nos anos de 1993, 2006, 2009 e 2015. Neste âmbito, destacam-se ao Escalão Grupo a extinção do Grupo de Auto Metralhadoras e a criação do Grupo de Reconhecimento. Salientam-se ao Escalão Esquadrão mudanças na Composição Esquemática das Unidades, denotando-se ainda uma tendência para a diminuição dos meios que equipam as Unidades de Reconhecimento aprontadas pelo Regimento de Cavalaria 6 e Quartel de Cavalaria. O decréscimo dos Efetivos também é uma alteração patente nos 23 anos estudados. No que concerne aos Sistemas de Armas, salienta-se o Grupo de Carros de Combate como a Unidade com a maior evolução sofrida devido à transição por três Carros de Combate distintos durante o período em estudo. Verifica-se ainda uma disparidade entre os Sistemas de Armas que atualmente equipam as Unidades de Reconhecimento sediadas no Regimento de Cavalaria 6 e o Quartel de Cavalaria.

Forças Armadas de Cabo Verde : O impacto económico e financeiro da profissionalização das Forças Armadas

O presente Trabalho de Investigação Aplicada intitulado “Forças Armadas de Cabo Verde. O impacto Económico e Financeiro da profissionalização das Forças Armadas”, surge no âmbito dos cursos ministrados na Academia Militar, e tem como objetivo principal estudar as Forças Armadas de Cabo Verde e identificar os impactos que a adoção de um modelo profissional pode ter no orçamento da Defesa. Este trabalho contém uma componente teórica que serve de sustentação à investigação, em que aborda aspetos importantes relativos à profissionalização das Forças Armadas, faz uma abordagem às Forças Armadas de Cabo Verde com base em legislação afeta às mesmas para se perceber quais os eventuais impactos que podem advir da adoção do modelo profissional, e as suas implicações no orçamento da Defesa Nacional. A segunda componente comporta uma pesquisa e recolha de dados e informação através de entrevistas que permitiram obter as conclusões e responder ao problema de estudo. Da análise teórica e dos dados recolhidos verifica-se que a adoção de um modelo profissional nas Forças Armadas de Cabo Verde implica uma alteração nos processos de recrutamento atualmente existente, estabelecendo requisitos para a entrada na Instituição Militar, tendo em conta as necessidades da mesma sendo que, a adoção deste modelo também tem implicações nos salários. Assim, concluímos que a adoção deste modelo implica uma alteração significativa no orçamento da Defesa, resultante do aumento dos gastos com o pessoal militar das Forças Armadas, e do maior investimento que deverá ser feito em tecnologias, na formação e treino dos quadros, pelo que o Estado deve encontrar formas para suportar tais custos. Também verifica-se que a adoção deste modelo permite uma redução da taxa de desemprego na sociedade, aumenta o poder de compra dos militares, contribuindo assim para a dinamização da economia, fornecendo ainda um clima de segurança favorecendo os investimentos, sendo por isso considerado uma mais-valia.

A State of War: Florida from 1939 to 1945

World War II profoundly impacted Florida. The military geography of the State is essential to an understanding the war. The geostrategic concerns of place and space determined that Florida would become a statewide military base. Florida’s attributes of place such as climate and topography determined its use as a military academy hosting over two million soldiers, nearly 15 percent of the GI Army, the largest force theUS ever raised. One-in-eight Floridians went into uniform. Equally,Florida’s space on the planet made it central for both defensive and offensive strategies. The Second World War was a war of movement, and Florida was a major jump off point forUSforce projection world-wide, especially of air power. Florida’s demography facilitated its use as a base camp for the assembly and engagement of this military power. In 1940, less than two percent of the US population lived in Florida, a quiet, barely populated backwater of the United States.[1] But owing to its critical place and space, over the next few years it became a 65,000 square mile training ground, supply dump, and embarkation site vital to the US war effort. Because of its place astride some of the most important sea lanes in the Atlantic World,Florida was the scene of one of the few Western Hemisphere battles of the war. The militarization ofFloridabegan long before Pearl Harbor. The pre-war buildup conformed to theUSstrategy of the war. The strategy of theUS was then (and remains today) one of forward defense: harden the frontier, then take the battle to the enemy, rather than fight them inNorth America. The policy of “Europe First,” focused the main US war effort on the defeat of Hitler’sGermany, evaluated to be the most dangerous enemy. In Florida were established the military forces requiring the longest time to develop, and most needed to defeat the Axis. Those were a naval aviation force for sea-borne hostilities, a heavy bombing force for reducing enemy industrial states, and an aerial logistics train for overseas supply of expeditionary campaigns. The unique Florida coastline made possible the seaborne invasion training demanded for USvictory. The civilian population was employed assembling mass-produced first-generation container ships, while Floridahosted casualties, Prisoners-of-War, and transient personnel moving between the Atlantic and Pacific. By the end of hostilities and the lifting of Unlimited Emergency, officially on December 31, 1946, Floridahad become a transportation nexus. Florida accommodated a return of demobilized soldiers, a migration of displaced persons, and evolved into a modern veterans’ colonia. It was instrumental in fashioning the modern US military, while remaining a center of the active National Defense establishment. Those are the themes of this work. [1] US Census of Florida 1940. Table 4 – Race, By Nativity and Sex, For the State. 14.