BIOLOGIA FLORAL DE Mauritia flexuosa LIN. FIL, NA REGIÃO DE MANAUS, AM, BRASIL

Foi estudada a biologia floral de Mauritia flexuosaem Manaus, Amazonas. Mauritia flexuosa é visitada por diversas espécies de insetos. Trata-se de uma espécie cantarófila, sendo seus possíveis polinizadores os coleópteros pertencentes às famílias Nitidulidae, Curculionidae e Cucujidae, que são atraídos pelo aroma de suas flores. Sendo uma espécie dioica, o sistema de reprodução empregado por Mauritia flexuosaé obrigatoriamente a xenogamia, visto que apomixia não ocorreu nesta espécie. Mauritia flexuosaé uma espécie de grande importância para as populações da Amazônia, sendo a planta que apresenta em seus frutos, a maior taxa de pró-vitamina A encontrada na natureza.

Biologia floral e polinização de Aechmea beeriana (Bromeliaceae) em vegetação de baixio na Amazônia Central.

O presente estudo trata a biologia floral, a polinização e o sistema reprodutivo de Aechmea beeriana Smith & Spencer, acrescidas de algumas informações fenológicas. A espécie foi estudada nos arredores de Manaus-AM. A. beeriana ocorre principalmente como epífita a várias alturas, com preferência por locais mais sombreados. Apresenta-se adaptada a síndrome de ornitofilia, com antese diurna e inflorescências vistosas. A antese possui duração de um dia e as flores são homogâmicas. Os indivíduos são auto-incompatíveis. Três espécies de beija-flores, Phaethornis superciliosus, P. bourcieri e Thalurania furcata (Trochilinae), são considerados os principais polinizadores. A espécie apresenta padrão de floração sub-anual, com 98,4% dos indivíduos apresentando flores ao longo do período, florescendo principalmente entre os meses de agosto e dezembro,ou seja, da metade da época de estiagem até o início da estação chuvosa. Brotos e folhas novas foram observados desenvolvendo-se ao longo do ano.

Heliconia acuminata reproductive success is independent of local floral density

Reproductive plants in tropical forests are patchily distributed, with some in large aggregations of reproductive consepecifics while others are relatively isolated. This variation in floral density is hypothesized to have a major effect on plant reproductive success, since individuals in higher density neighborhoods can attract more or higher quality pollinators. We experimentally tested this hypothesis with populations of the understory herb Heliconia acuminata in central Amazonia. We created replicated plots in which reproductive plant density spanned the range of naturally occurring floral neighborhood size, then measured three surrogates of plant fitness in focal plants in each array. There was no significant difference between any of the three floral neighborhood treatments in total seed production, fruit set, or the number of seeds produced per fruit. Pollinator visitation rates to plants in all treatments were extremely low, with many plants not visited at all during the observation period. This could be because H. acuminata's hummingbird pollinators are unable to find the widely scattered reproductive plants, however this hypothesis appears unlikely. Instead, natural flowering plant densities may simply be below the threshold value at which neighborhood effects become important, even in "high-density" aggregations. Nutrient limitation, selective fruit abortion, and reproduction via male rather than female function may also be playing a role. We argue the absence of neighborhood effects may be a general phenomenon in central Amazonian forests, though additional experiments with other plant-pollinator systems are needed to determine the extent to which this hypothesis is supported.

Biologia floral e sistema reprodutivo de Byrsonima coccolobifolia (Kunth) em uma savana amazônica

A biologia reprodutiva de Byrsonima coccolobifolia, foi avaliada em uma população de savana do Estado de Roraima. A espécie é constituída de arbustos e arvoretas com altura inferior a 3m, de flores hermafroditas zigomorfas, pentâmeras, reunidas em inflorescências do tipo racemo terminal, produzidos em brotações novas, o cálice é composto por cinco sépalas, que apresentam um par de glândulas produtoras de óleo. A corola é formada por cinco pétalas albo-róseas e unguiculadas, o androceu é composto por dez estames com anteras de coloração amarela. A antese pode ser noturna ou diurna, estende-se por um período médio de 12 horas e as flores costumam ficar abertas e vistosas por um período adicional de 15 horas, quando se inicia a senescência. Foram registrados dois episódios de floração e o fogo parece ser um fator ambiental estimulador desta fenofase. Os visitantes florais predominantes foram abelhas das famílias Anthophoridae (Centris sp. e Xylocopa sp.) e Apidae (Apis mellifera e Bombus sp.). Os resultados das polinizações controladas e o cálculo do índice de auto-incompatibilidade (ISI) indicam que a espécie apresenta comportamento protogínico e é autocompatível, produzindo frutos em todos os tratamentos de autopolinização em proporções semelhantes à polinização natural, não sendo confirmada a produção de frutos apomíticos. Entretanto, os percentuais de frutos formados nos tratamentos de xenogamia foram significativamente superiores aos tratamentos de autofertilização, indicando que B. coccolobifolia apresenta um sistema reprodutivo misto com níveis elevados de alogamia e autogamia.

Morfologia Floral de uma População de Tucumã, Astrocaryum aculeatum Meyer (Arecaceae) na Amazônia Central

Foi realizada a descrição morfológica das inflorescências, bem como das flores pistiladas e estaminadas, de uma população de Astrocaryum aculeatum Meyer, no Campus do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA. A inflorescência é do tipo panícula de espigas, pedunculada, interfoliar e apresenta tamanho médio de 146 ± 20,3 cm. Uma bráctea lenhosa provida de espinhos em toda superfície externa protege a inflorescência. Estas apresentam cerca de 375 ± 49,5 ráquilas. Foi estimado de 500 a 1.200 flores pistiladas e 190.000 a 260.000 flores estaminadas por inflorescência. As flores estaminadas apresentam um padrão de cores que variam do vinho ao creme e também com tons mesclados de vinho e creme.

Assessment and management of the geomorphological heritage of Monte Pindo (NW Spain): a landscape as a symbol of identity

This study focuses on the granite mountain known as Monte Pindo (627 m above sea level) in the Autonomous Community of Galicia (NW Spain). This territory is included in the area classified as “Costa da Morte” in the “Politica de Ordenación Litoral” (POL) (Coastal Planning Policy) for the region of Galicia. This coastal unit, located between “Rías Baixas” and “Cape Fisterra” has great potential for demonstrating geological processes and its geomorphological heritage is characterized by a high degree of geodiversity of granite landforms. The main objective of our work is to assess the geomorphological heritage of the site, thus revealing its wide geodiversity. We shall analyze and highlight: its scientific value, developing an inventory of granite landforms; its educational valuel and its geotouristic potential. It must be ensured that the Administration understands that natural diversity is composed of both geodiversity and biodiversity. Only then will the sustainable management of Monte Pindo become possible by integrating natural and cultural heritage values. The goal is to ensure that Monte Pindo and its immediate surroundings become a geopark with the aim of promoting local development projects based on the conservation and valorization of its geological heritage.

Reproductive biology of Amasonia obovata Gleason (Laminaceae)

Floral mechanisms that ensure seed production via autogamy are more likely to occur in species growing in environments where pollination is scarce. Amasonia obovata was studied in the State of Mato Grosso-Brazil, from 2009 to 2012, to analyze the morphological and reproductive characteristics, aside from investigating the association of the reproductive success with the pollinator frequency and identity. The flowering and fruiting of A. obovata was concentrated in a period of five months during the rainy season. The dichogamy in flowers of A. obovata is not clearly defined, since the sexual functions were overlapped in the male and female phases. The species is self-compatible and not apomictic. The fruiting percentage obtained by hand self-pollination did not differ from cross-breeding (F = 0.74, P =0.39). In the observations from 2010 to 2012, a hummingbird (Thalurania furcata) legitimate visited 20-100% of the flowers in the male and female phases on different A. obovata plants. Due to the high frequency, this hummingbird was considered the single potential pollinator of the species. These findings show that a limited availability of pollinators may select for floral traits and plant mating strategies that lead to a system of self-fertilization.

School health promotion and teacher professional identity

PURPOSE – Health and education are inextricably linked. Health promotion sits somewhat uncomfortably within schools, often remaining a marginal aspect of teachers’ work. The purpose of this paper is to examine the compatibility of an HP-initiative with teacher professional identity. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH – A qualitative research design was adopted consisting of semi-structured interviews. In total, 49 teachers in two school districts in the Auvergne region in central France were interviewed in depth post having completed three years’ involvement in a health promoting schools initiative called “Learning to Live Better Together” (“Apprendre a Mieux Vivre Ensemble”). FINDINGS – Teachers in the study had a broad conceptualisation of their role in health promotion. In keeping with international trends, there was more success at classroom than at whole school level. While generally teachers can be reluctant to engage with health promotion, the teachers in this study identified having little difficulty in understanding their professional identity as health promoters and identified strong compatibility with the HP-initiative. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS – Teachers generally viewed professional development in health promotion in a positive light when its underlying values were commensurate with their own and when the context was seen as compatible with the school mission. The promotion of health in schools needs to be sensitive to professional identity and be tailored specifically to blend more successfully with current teacher identity and practice. ORIGINALITY/VALUE – The promotion of health in schools needs to be sensitive to professional identity and be tailored specifically to blend more successfully with current teacher identity and practice.

Evolution of the gene regulatory network controlling flower dorsoventral asymmetry

Tese de Doutoramento em Biologia de Plantas.

Effect of Propafenone on the Contractile Activity of Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Isolated in an Organ Chamber: Experimental Study in Rats

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of propafenone on the contractile function of latissimus dorsi muscle isolated from rats in an organ chamber. METHODS: We studied 20 latissimus dorsi muscles of Wistar rats and divided them into 2 groups: group I (n=10), or control group - we studied the feasibility of muscle contractility; group II (n=10), in which the contralateral muscles were grouped - we analyzed the effect of propafenone on muscle contractility. After building a muscle ring, 8 periods of sequential 2-minute baths were performed, with intervals of preprogrammed electrical stimulation using a pacemaker of 50 stimuli/min. In group II, propafenone, at the concentration of 9.8 µg/mL, was added to the bath in period 2 and withdrawn in period 4. RESULTS: In group I, no significant depression in muscle contraction occurred up to period 5 (p>0.05). In group II, a significant depression occurred in all periods, except between the last 2 periods (p<0.05). Comparing groups I and II only in period 1, which was a standard period for both groups, we found no significant difference (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: Propafenone had a depressing effect on the contractile function of latissimus dorsi muscle isolated from rats and studied in an organ chamber.

Evolución floral mediada por polinizadores. Evidencias a escala poblacional, interpoblacional e interespecífica. Pollinator mediated flower evolution at population, interpopulation and interspecific perspectives.

Identificación y caracterización del problema: El fenotipo floral puede explicarse como respuesta adaptativa a los polinizadores. Sin embargo, está también influido por otros procesos como aislamiento geográfico, contexto histórico, efectos ambientales así como limitaciones filogenéticas y de desarrollo. Aunque las presiones selectivas ejercidas por un grupo funcional de polinizadores es supuestamente una característica prevalente que subyace a la evolución floral y especiación en los estudios de la biología evolutiva de las flores, la evidencia sobre importancia de los polinizadores como fuerzas moldeadoras del fenotipo floral es escasa y equívoca. Hipótesis Los patrones de variación de caracteres florales relacionados al ajuste flor-polinizador son explicados por la selección contemporánea y pasada ejercida por los polinizadores más eficientes. Objetivos: Estudiar la influencia de los polinizadores y de otros procesos como aislamiento geográfico, contexto histórico, efectos ambientales así como limitaciones filogenéticas y de desarrollo, como fuerzas moldeadoras del fenotipo floral dentro y entre poblaciones de una misma especie, así como entre especies diferentes. Materiales y métodos: Se encarará el estudio de sistemas plantas-polinizador sobre cuyo funcionamiento tenemos conocimientos previos y resultados publicados con aproximaciones que resultaron exitosas en otros estudios realizados por nosotros o con aproximaciones que son novedosas en los estudios de estos sistemas. Se integrarán aproximaciones de morfometría clásica y geométrica, de análisis filogenético y filogeográfico, análisis de contrastes independientes, de modelado predictivo de nicho, de selección e integración fenotípica en distintas especies o grupos de especies. Resultados esperados Los estudios de selección fenotípica deberán servir para demostrar si caracteres claves en el ajuste flor-polinizador son contemporáneamente blanco de la selección natural, si similar selección pasada ha dejado su impronta en la estructura de covariación (integración) y si esos caracteres son heredables. A nivel inter-poblacional, se espera demostrar que esta variación geográfica en atributos florales está relacionada con el ensamble de polinizadores cambiantes, y que esta variación se reflejada en la estructura genética geográfica, y que distintos escenarios selectivos (históricos y ecológicos como distintos ensambles de polinizadores) tienen consecuencias en los patrones de selección contemporánea (selección fenotípica) o pasada (integración). A nivel inter-específico, sobre estos antecedentes se plantean dos posibles situaciones de estudio en especies de plantas filogenéticamente hermanas que conviven y que ya sea, que comparten la misma especie de abeja polinizadora o que presentan dos sistemas de polinización contrastantes (aves o abejas) y forman una zona híbrida. Importancia del proyecto: Poder responder preguntas relevantes sobre biología evolutiva tomando como modelo al efecto selectivo de polinizadores sobre distintas especie de plantas nativas del Córdoba y otras regiones del país. Por otro lado, el conocimiento de los sistemas planta/polinizador impacta sobre la conservación de interacciones, el sustento de la biodiversidad. Esto contribuiría a la elaboración de protocolos de conservación de especies nativas del país.

The Irish pub as a third place : a sociological exploration of people, place and identity

There is considerable interest in alcohol in Irish society, yet minimal sociologcial understanding of its consumption, particularly of the sites where most drinking occurs: the country's 8750 pubs. Despite widespread public discussions on the role of the pub, there is scant social science evidence to better inform debate. Pubs are central to Irish community and are key sites of social interaction. American sociologist Ray Oldenburg has argued that "third places" (neither workplace nor home) are crucial to the maintenance of the community and the enhancement of social capital. According to Oldenburg, the role of the third place in the community is to provide continuity, regularity, a sense of place - all of which conceptually contribute to the construction of the self, the projection of the self within the public sphere, the distribution of social capital and the generation of a collective identity. The pub is the archetypal third place, but Oldenburg is concerned that modern pubs are less able to provide this vital function. Social scientists have suggested that community is in a state of fragmentation and decline due to changes in modes of social interaction and a decrease in shared spaces, resulting in a weakened connection to place. Community without propinquity has been characterised by social alienation, fragmentation and what Oldenburg refers to as the "problem of place" (13). Third places, and thus the Irish pub, have been particularly affected. In order to increase the sociological knowledge of the pub in Ireland, this project critically engages with the pub to assess the importance that public drinking houses have in the everyday. Moreover, this research sets out to investigate the people/place relationship using the pub as an investigative lens and examine the ways in which people shape place, place shapes people and how that relationship is implicated in the construction of irish identities. Furthermore, this is also an articulation of a cultural shift within Ireland and Irish places whose effects are deep and multi-layered. This project aims to explore the development of the contemporary geography of identity as the irish pub as a third place is transformed or disappears from the social landscape.

Relevance of Target-Organ Lesions as Predictors of Mortality in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Background: Patients with diabetes are in extract higher risk for fatal cardiovascular events. Objective: To evaluate major predictors of mortality in subjects with type 2 diabetes. Methods: A cohort of 323 individuals with type 2 diabetes from several regions of Brazil was followed for a long period. Baseline electrocardiograms, clinical and laboratory data obtained were used to determine hazard ratios (HR) and confidence interval (CI) related to cardiovascular and total mortality. Results: After 9.2 years of follow-up (median), 33 subjects died (17 from cardiovascular causes). Cardiovascular mortality was associated with male gender; smoking; prior myocardial infarction; long QTc interval; left ventricular hypertrophy; and eGFR <60 mL/min. These factors, in addition to obesity, were predictors of total mortality. Cardiovascular mortality was adjusted for age and gender, but remained associated with: smoking (HR = 3.8; 95% CI 1.3-11.8; p = 0.019); prior myocardial infarction (HR = 8.5; 95% CI 1.8-39.9; p = 0.007); eGFR < 60 mL/min (HR = 9.5; 95% CI 2.7-33.7; p = 0.001); long QTc interval (HR = 5.1; 95% CI 1.7-15.2; p = 0.004); and left ventricular hypertrophy (HR = 3.5; 95% CI 1.3-9.7; p = 0.002). Total mortality was associated with obesity (HR = 2.3; 95% CI 1.1-5.1; p = 0.030); smoking (HR = 2.5; 95% CI 1.0-6.1; p = 0.046); prior myocardial infarction (HR = 3.1; 95% CI 1.4-6.1; p = 0.005), and long QTc interval (HR = 3.1; 95% CI 1.4-6.1; p = 0.017). Conclusions: Biomarkers of simple measurement, particularly those related to target-organ lesions, were predictors of mortality in subjects with type 2 diabetes.

Botanisches Zentralblatt; referierendes Organ für das Gesamtgebiet der Botanik.

jahrg. 27, bd. 103 (1906)