Efeito da utilização do morango silvestre como aditivo aromático na alimentação de porcas em lactação e recria de leitões

O estudo foi conduzido em dois ensaios distintos, testando-se o efeito da utilização do morango silvestre, como aditivo aromático, no alimento composto comercial de porcas em lactação, e de leitões em recria. Utilizou-se um total de 47 porcas reprodutoras híbridas comerciais, de linha genética PIC© (Large White x Landrace) e 561 leitões, desmamados aos 28 dias de vida, seguindo-se uma recria de 14 dias. Utilizaram-se dois alimentos compostos comerciais distintos, a dieta controlo e a dieta experimental, preparada com base no alimento controlo, aditado com aroma de morango silvestre. Os leitões em recria receberam um alimento composto medicamentoso, com o mesmo aroma do alimento composto aromático experimental das porcas reprodutoras. Procedeu-se à pesagem dos leitões, por parque, ao desmame e no final da recria. Controlou-se o alimento distribuído e rejeitado, o que permitiu a determinação do alimento ingerido, por parque. Determinou-se o ganho médio diário e o índice de conversão alimentar, na fase de recria. Os resultados obtidos sugerem interesse na utilização deste aroma, permitindo melhores resultados no desempenho produtivo dos leitões, em aleitamento (+ 0,14 a 0,19 kg PV ao desmame) e em fase de recria (+ 17 a 32 g de GMD e - 0,09 a 0,04 de IC).

Effects of feeding carnitine and ractopamine on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1972)

L-carnitine is required for the transfer of long-chain fatty acids from the cytosol to the mitochondrial matrix for 13-oxidation of them and ractopamine, beta adrenergic agonists, have potential stimulating lipolysis and altering rates of protein degradation and synthesis. Present study was carried out to improve lipid body oxidation and protein-sparing action of fish through addition of L-carnitine and ractopamine to diet of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1972. An eight-week feeding trial was carried out to evaluate the effects of supplementation of tree levels of L-carnitine tartrate (0, 1 and 2 g/kg) and two levels of ractopamine hydrochloride (0 and 10 ppm) on growth performance, fillet muscle fatty acid compositions and blood biochemical parameters in 288 juvenile rainbow trout (130 g) at 3X2 factorial experimental design. Ractopamine and 1 g/kg carnitine improved the specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and weight gain at the end of experiment. The protein and lipid contents of fillet muscle were affected by the inclusion of 10 mg/kg ractopamine in the diet, increasing crude protein and reducing crude fat (P<0.05) of fish fillet muscle. The highest protein and lowest fat contents of fish fillet were observed in diet that contains 2 g/kg carnitine plus ractopamine. Ractopamine and carnitine increased levels of albumin, total protein and globulin in fish blood serum, but carnitine increased triacylglycerol and cholesterol. Fatty acids compositions of fish fillet were also affected by ractopamine and carnitine. All fatty acids except for eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, were increased by dietary supplementation of ractopamine. Total saturated fatty acids were not affected by carnitine. Supplementation (P>0.05). However, total n-3 poly unsaturated fatty acids were reduced by carnitine supplementation. A significant interaction was observed between ractopamine and carnitine supplementation regarding the saturated (P<0.01) and n-3 poly unsaturated fatty acid (P<0.001) of fish fillet. This study shows that supplementation of 1 g/kg carnitine and 10 ppm ractopamine could improve performance of juvenile rainbow trout and their combination in diet results in protein increment, fat reduction and change in profile of fatty acids in fillet muscle.

Resource use and greenhouse gas emissions from grain-finishing beef cattle in seven Australian feedlots: a life cycle assessment

Grain finishing of cattle has become increasingly common in Australia over the past 30 years. However, interest in the associated environmental impacts and resource use is increasing and requires detailed analysis. In this study we conducted a life cycle assessment (LCA) to investigate impacts of the grain-finishing stage for cattle in seven feedlots in eastern Australia, with a particular focus on the feedlot stage, including the impacts from producing the ration, feedlot operations, transport, and livestock emissions while cattle are in the feedlot (gate-to-gate). The functional unit was 1 kg of liveweight gain (LWG) for the feedlot stage and results are included for the full supply chain (cradle-to-gate), reported per kilogram of liveweight (LW) at the point of slaughter. Three classes of cattle produced for different markets were studied: short-fed domestic market (55–80 days on feed), mid-fed export (108–164 days on feed) and long-fed export (>300 days on feed). In the feedlot stage, mean fresh water consumption was found to vary from 171.9 to 672.6 L/kg LWG and mean stress-weighted water use ranged from 100.9 to 193.2 water stress index eq. L/kg LWG. Irrigation contributed 57–91% of total fresh water consumption with differences mainly related to the availability of irrigation water near the feedlot and the use of irrigated feed inputs in rations. Mean fossil energy demand ranged from 16.5 to 34.2 MJ lower heating values/kg LWG and arable land occupation from 18.7 to 40.5 m2/kg LWG in the feedlot stage. Mean greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the feedlot stage ranged from 4.6 to 9.5 kg CO2-e/kg LWG (excluding land use and direct land-use change emissions). Emissions were dominated by enteric methane and contributions from the production, transport and milling of feed inputs. Linear regression analysis showed that the feed conversion ratio was able to explain >86% of the variation in GHG intensity and energy demand. The feedlot stage contributed between 26% and 44% of total slaughter weight for the classes of cattle fed, whereas the contribution of this phase to resource use varied from 4% to 96% showing impacts from the finishing phase varied considerably, compared with the breeding and backgrounding. GHG emissions and total land occupation per kilogram of LWG during the grain finishing phase were lower than emissions from breeding and backgrounding, resulting in lower life-time emissions for grain-finished cattle compared with grass finishing.

Effect of poultry viscera meal inclusion in broiler diets in different rearing periods on performance, carcass and parts yields

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of the dietary inclusion of poultry viscera meal (VM) on broiler performance and carcass, parts, and abdominal fat yields in broilers by replacing a diet containing VM with a strictly vegetable diet and vice-versa. A number of 720 one-day-old broiler chicks were randomly distributed in 6 groups: G1-basal diet (BD) - corn and soybean based meal, with no VM from 1 to 42 days of age, G2- 8% VM diet from 1 to 42 days, G3- BD from 1 to 21 and 8% VM diet from 22 to 42 days, G4- BD from 1 to 35 and 8% VM diet from 36 to 42 days, G5- 8% VM diet from 1 to 21 days and BD from 22 to 42 days, G6- 8% VM diet from 1 to 35 and BD from 36 to 42 days. Average body weight, weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), production efficiency index, and mortality were determined from 1 to 42 days. There was no effect of treatments on performance or mortality, except for FCR, which was significantly better in the group fed VM from 1 to 35 days and withdrawn at the end of rearing (36-42 days). Also, there were no differences in carcass, parts, and abdominal fat yields, showing that VM in broiler diets does not influence yield parameters.

Digestibility and performance of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) juveniles - fed diets containing different protein, lipid and carbohydrate levels

Due to lack of information on the use of non-protein energy sources in diets for pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), a 2 x 2 x 3 factorial experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance and digestibility of 12 diets containing approximately two crude protein (CP; 220 and 250 g kg(-1)), two lipid (40 and 80 g kg(-1)) and three carbohydrate levels (410, 460 and 500 g kg(-1)). The pacu juveniles-fed diets containing 220 g kg(-1) CP did not respond (P > 0.05) to increased dietary lipid and carbohydrate levels, but the fish-fed diets containing 250 g kg(-1) CP showed a better feed conversion ratio. There were interactions in weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), crude protein intake (CPI) and feed conversion rate (FCR) dependent on dietary carbohydrate and lipid levels, showing positive effects of increasing carbohydrate levels only for fish-fed diets containing 80 g kg(-1) lipid level. However, when the diets contained 40 g kg(-1) lipid, the best energy productive value (EPV) results were obtained at 460 g kg(-1) carbohydrate. A higher usage of lipids (80 g kg(-1)) reduced CPI and was detrimental to protein [apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC)(CP)] and energy (ADC(GE)), but did not affect growth. The ADC(GE) improved proportionally as dietary carbohydrate levels increased (P < 0.05), increasing the concentration of digestible energy. In addition, the WG, CPI, ADC(GE) results showed best use of the energy from carbohydrates when dietary protein level was 250 g kg(-1) CP. The utilization of 250 g kg(-1) CP in feeds for juvenile pacu for optimal growth is suggested. Therefore, the optimum dietary lipid and carbohydrate levels depend on their combinations. It can be stated that pacu uses carbohydrates as effectively as lipids in the maximization of protein usage, as long as it is not lower than 250 g kg(-1) CP or approximately 230 g kg(-1) digestible protein.

Influence of levels and forms of selenium associated with levels of vitamins C and E on the performance, yield and composition of tilapia fillet

Objetivou-se avaliar a influência da vitamina C (VC), vitamina E (VE) e de duas formas de selênio sobre o desempenho, rendimento e qualidade do filé de tilápia Nilótica. O experimento foi realizado num delineamento inteiramente casualizado composto por seis tratamentos, os quais foram constituídos pela adição de 100, 200 e 400 mg kg-1 das vitaminas C e E, associados com 0,1, 0,2 e 0,4 mg kg-1 de duas formas de selênio. Cada tratamento foi constituído por cinco repetições de 30 peixes cada. A dieta com 200 mg kg-1 de VC e VE + 0,2 mg kg-1 de selênio orgânico proporcionou ganho de peso, comprimento corporal e fator de conversão alimentar semelhantes aos tratamentos com 400 mg kg-1 de VC e VE + 0,4 mg kg-1 de selênio orgânico ou inorgânico. A adição de selênio orgânico à dieta melhorou o ganho de peso e o fator de conversão alimentar em comparação com o selênio inorgânico. A dieta com 0,2 mg kg-1 de selênio orgânico apresentou nível de glutationa peroxidase igual ao da dieta com 0,4 mg kg-1 de selênio inorgânico. Os rendimentos de carcaça e filé não foram influenciados pelos tratamentos, entretanto houve efeito dos tratamentos na composição química do filé.

Phytate-phosphorus and phytase contents on the relative weight of organs, intestinal morphometry and performance of broilers.

ABSTRACT: In order to evaluate the efficiency of phytase in diets with low and high phytate phosphorus (PP) content, as a consequence of wheat bran inclusion, on the relative weight of organs, intestinal morphometry and performance, three hundred and eighty-four male Cobb500 broilers were housed in metabolic cages. Animals were assigned into four treatments in a 2x2 factorial scheme in a randomized block design with eight replicates of 12 birds each. From 11 days of age birds received experimental diets, which consisted of: Diet low in PP; Diet low in PP with phytase (500FTU kg-1); Diet with a high PP and Diet with a high PP with phytase (500FTU kg-1). At 22 and 32 days of age two birds were slaughtered in order to collect gizzard, heart, liver, cecum, cloacal bursa, and at 32 days, a portion of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum was collected for morphometric evaluation. From 22 to 32 days of age average feed intake, average weight gain, average body weight and feed conversion ratio were also evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, fixed effects of diet and phytase and interaction between factors as well as the random block effects were tested. There was no significant interaction for the variables studied, concluding that phytase in diets with low or high phytate phosphorus content did not change the relative weight of organs, intestinal morphometrics and performance; only isolated effects were observed. RESUMO: Para avaliar a eficiência da fitase em dietas com baixo e alto teor de fósforo fítico (PP), em função da inclusão ou não do farelo de trigo, sobre o peso relativo de órgãos, morfometria intestinal e desempenho, foram alojados 384 frangos de corte, machos da linhagem Cobb500, em gaiolas metabólicas. Os animais foram distribuídos em quatro tratamentos em um arranjo fatorial 2x2 em delineamento de blocos casualizados com oito repetições e 12 aves por unidade experimental (UE). A partir de 11 dias de idade as aves receberam as dietas experimentais, que consistiram em: Dieta com baixo teor de PP; Dieta com baixo teor de PP com fitase (500FTU kg-1); Dieta com alto teor de PP e Dieta com alto teor de PP com fitase (500FTU kg-1). Aos 22 e 32 dias de idade foram abatidas duas aves por UE para coletar a moela, coração, fígado, ceco, bolsa cloacal, e aos 32 dias foi coletada uma porção do duodeno, jejuno e íleo para avaliação da morfometria. No período de 22 a 32 dias de idade foram avaliados o consumo médio de ração, ganho de peso médio, peso médio corporal e a conversão alimentar. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, onde foram testados os efeitos fixos de dieta e fitase e a interação entre os fatores, bem como o efeito aleatório de bloco. Não foi observada interação significativa para nenhuma das variáveis estudadas, concluindo-se que a fitase em dietas com baixo ou alto de PP não altera o peso relativo dos órgãos, a morfometria intestinal e o desempenho, apenas efeitos isolados foram observados.

Synthesis of 4-arm star poly(L-Lactide) oligomers using an in situ-generated calcium-based initiator

Using an in situ-generated calcium-based initiating species derived from pentaerythritol, the bulk synthesis of well-defined 4-arm star poly(L-lactide) oligomers has been studied in detail. The substitution of the traditional initiator, stannous octoate with calcium hydride allowed the synthesis of oligomers that had both low PDIs and a comparable number of polymeric arms (3.7 – 3.9) to oligomers of similar molecular weight. Investigations into the degree of control observed during the course of the polymerization found that the insolubility of pentaerythritol in molten L-lactide resulted in an uncontrolled polymerization only when the feed mole ratio of L-lactide to pentaerythritol was 13. At feed ratios of 40 and greater, a pseudo-living polymerization was observed. As part of this study, in situ FT-Raman spectroscopy was demonstrated to be a suitable method to monitor the kinetics of the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of lactide. The advantages of using this technique rather than FT-IR-ATR and 1H NMR for monitoring L-lactide consumption during polymerization are discussed.

Dietary composition manipulation to enhance the performance of juvenile barramundi (Lates calcarifer Bloch) reared in cool water

Barramundi Lates calcarifer reared in cool water (20-22 degrees C) grow slowly and feed is used poorly compared with fish in warm water (28-32 degrees C). Two comparative slaughter growth assays were carried out with juvenile barramundi to see if increasing the digestible energy (DE) and/or the n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (n-3 HUFA) content of the feed would improve growth of fish raised in cool water. Increasing the DE content of the feed from 15 to 17 or 19 MJ kg(-1) while maintaining a constant protein to energy ratio in Experiment 1 brought about significant improvements in feed conversion ratio (FCR) (from 2.01 to 1.19) and daily growth coefficient (DGC; from 0.69 to 1.08%/day) for fish at 20 degrees C. For fish at 29 degrees C, improvements, while significant, were of a lesser magnitude: from 1.32 to 0.97 for FCR and from 3.24 to 3.65%/day for DGC. Increasing the absolute amount of dietary n-3 HUFA, expressed as the sum of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic fatty acids, from 0.5% to 2.0% in Experiment 2 improved DGC linearly and FCR curvilinearly for fish at 29 degrees C whereas at 20 degrees C, DGC was not affected while FCR improved slightly (from 1.83 to 1.68). Feed conversion ratio was optimized with a dietary n-3 HUFA of about 1.5%. Providing barramundi with a feed that is high in DE (viz 19 MJ kg(-1)) and a digestible protein to DE ratio of 22.5 g MJ(-1) is a practical strategy for improving the productivity of barramundi cultured in cool water whereas increasing dietary n-3 HUFA conferred very little additional benefit.

Egg production in furnished cages

In the European Union, conventional cages for laying hens will be faded out at the beginning of 2012. The rationale behind this is a public concern over animal welfare in egg production. As alternatives to conventional cages, the European Union Council Directive 1999/74/EC allows non-cage systems and enriched (furnished) cages. Layer performance, behavior, and welfare in differently sized furnished cages have been investigated quite widely during recent decades, but nutrition of hens in this production system has received less attention. This thesis aims to compare production and feed intake of laying hens in furnished and conventional cages and to study the effects of different dietary treatments in these production systems, thus contributing to the general knowledge of furnished cages as an egg production system. A furnished cage model for 8 hens was compared with a 3-hen conventional cage. Three consecutive experiments each studied one aspect of layer diet: The first experiment investigated the effects of dietary protein/energy ratio, the second dietary energy levels, and the third the effects of extra limestone supplementation. In addition, a fourth experiment evaluated the effects of perches on feed consumption and behavior of hens in furnished cages. The dietary treatments in experiments 1 3 generally had similar effects in the two cage types. Thus, there was no evidence supporting a change in nutrient requirements for laying hens when conventional cages are replaced with small-group furnished cages. Moreover, the results from nutritional experiments conducted in conventional cages can be applied to small-group furnished cage systems. These results support the view that production performance comparable with conventional cages can be achieved in furnished cages. All of the advantages of cages for bird welfare are sustained in the small-group furnished cages used here. In addition, frequent use of perches and nests implies a wider behavioral repertoire in furnished cages than in conventional cages. The increase observed in bone ash content may improve bird welfare in furnished cages. The presence of perches diminished feed consumption during the prelaying period and enhanced the feed conversion ratio during the early laying period in furnished cages. However, as the presence or absence of perches in furnished cages had no significant effect on feed consumption after the prelaying period, the lower feed consumption observed in furnished cages than in conventional cages could be attributed to other factors, such as the presence of wood shavings or a nest box. The wider feed trough space per hen in conventional than in furnished cages may partly explain the higher feed consumption observed in conventional cages.

A preliminary investigation into the effects of a sex-reversal androgen, methyltestosterone, on food utilization and growth of Sarotherodon niloticus (L) fry

Three groups of Sarotherodon niloticus fry were fed for 8 weeks on diets either treated with 17- & methyltestosterone (MT), alcohol (CA), or untreated (CO). Growth rate and food utilization in the different groups were compared. Results indicate that the best growth, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) and Mean Growth Rate (MGR) were obtained with the MT diet. There was no significant difference (P 0.05) in growth and food utilization of the CA and CO fry, nor in the mortality rate of the 3 treatments. The androgen, methyltestosterone promotes growth and protein anabolism without producing toxic effects in S. niloticus

Substituting fish meal with grasshopper meal in the diet of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings

The effect of inclusion of grasshopper meal on the growth, feed conversion ratio and survival of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings of mean weight 9.71g was investigated. The results show that the best growth and food utilization indexes were recorded in the fingerling fed with 10% grasshopper meal and 30% fish meal, while the poorest growth and food utilization indexes were recorded with the diet containing 25% grasshopper meal and 15% fish meal. The best survival of 100% was observed in the diet containing 30% grasshopper meal and 10% fish meal while the worst survival of 73.3% was observed in the diet containing 25% grasshopper meal and 15% fish meal

Comparative effect of Pediococcus acidilactici and Lactococcus lactis on growth performance, survival and enzyme activity of western white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

This study was done in Shahid Kiani Marine Aquaculture Development Center, Choebde, Abadan in order to evaluate the effects of Pediiococcus acidilactici, Lactococcus lactis and vitamin C on growth performance, survival, enzymatic activities and immune responses of L. vannamei during three months. Treatments were included control group, Pediiococcus and Lactococcus treatments which fed with diet containing 1×10P9P cfu gP_1P bacteria and vitamin C. At the end of the experiment, the growth factors, immune parameters, digestive enzymes, intestinal, histology of intestine, carcasses and microbial flora (bacterial total count and lactic acid count) were evaluated. The results indicated that administration of lactobacillus had significant effects on the growth factors as the highest weight, increase specific growth rate, relative growth rate, feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency in the shrimps received pediococcus and then Lactococcus (P<0.05). The best immune function was also observed in the shrimps fed by probiotics, so that proteins and hemoglobin̛ hemolymph, phenoloxidase activity and challenged with V. parahaemolyticus showed a statistical difference comparing to the control group and the group received vitamin C (P<0.05). Some digestive enzymes, in pediococcus treatment showed a significant increase when compared to other treatments (P<0.05). Significant changes in bacterial intestinal flora were observed in probiotic groups compared with control and vitamin C groups (P < 0.05). Histological results showed the positive effects of probiotics in the gut (P < 0.05). While these supplements cannot caused to significant impacts on the shrimp carcass composition (P ˃ 0.05). As a result pediococcus group had the best performance among treatments.

A comparative study on effects of Immunoster and Immunowall as immunostimulants on some hematological, biochemical and growth indices of farmed great sturgeon juveniles (Huso huso)

Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that profitably affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and /or activation of one or a limited number of bacteria in the intestine that can enhance host health status. Immunoster (IS) and Immunowall (IW) are prebiotics and immunostimulants derived from the outer cell wall of brewers yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. These substances contain MOS and �-glucans. After a four-week acclimatization period to rearing conditions and basal diet, 450 farmed great sturgeon juveniles weighing 95.58 ± 9.38 g were randomly distributed into 15 fiberglass tanks (2 × 2 × 0.53 m) in five treatments (Control, IS 1%, IW 1%, IS 3%, and IW 3%) in three replicates (completely randomized design) and kept at a density of 30 fish per tank for a period of 8 weeks at water temperature 20.55 ± 5.11ºC, dissolved oxygen 6.73 ± 0.35 mg L-1 and pH 7.92 ± 0.09. IS and IW were added at two levels of 1% and 3% to the basal diet in place of cellulose, except the control. At the beginning, in the middle and at the end of the trial, carcass analysis was done to determine the moisture, protein, fat, ash, and total carbohydrate. Also, blood samples were collected to measure hematological, biochemical and immune indices. At the end of the trial, final weight, final length, body weight increase (BWI), specific growth rate (SGR), average daily growth (ADG), protein efficiency ratio (PER), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and condition factor (CF) in fish fed on IS and IW in both levels 1% and 3% showed some differences. These differences were significant in IS 3% and IW 1% and 3% compared with the control (P<0.05). HSI showed no significant difference (P>0.05) and survival rate was 100% in all treatments. Crude protein of carcass in fish fed on IS and IW at 1% and 3% showed an increase in comparison with the control. There was significant difference between IS 3% and the control in crude protein of carcass (P<0.05). Fish fed on IS and IW at 1% and 3% showed various results in hematological and biochemical factors. It was observed significant difference in MCV between IW 1% and IS 3% compared with the control (P<0.05). Although there was an increase in values of hematocrit, hemoglobin (except IS 1%), WBC (except IW 3%), MCH, neutrophil, total protein, albumin (except IS 3%), K+, and lysozyme in fish fed on IS and IW compared with the control, it was no significant (P>0.05). The maximum count of WBC and the highest value of Ca2+ were seen in IW 1%. The maximum count of lymphocyte, the highest values of total protein, albumin and IgM were recorded in IW 3%. IS 1% had the maximum count of neutrophil and the highest concentration of lysozyme. Based on obtained results, it can be declared that IS and IW at two levels of 1% and 3% can enhance growth performance and feed efficiency and also improve some hematological, biochemical, and immune indices in farmed great sturgeon juveniles.

The study of different protein in diet and water salinity on growth and survival rate in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

In this research reared white western shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei ,Boone, 1931) with five diet with five different protein level contain 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% and 40% and three salinity level contain 15-17 ppt, 27-30 ppt,and 40-45 ppt researched protein percent effect and water salinity on growth, survival, feed conversion ratio, hemolymph osmolatity, hemolymph protein and corpse protein contain. In this research was 15 sorrow with 3 repeat and used from 45 tanks with 300 liters capacity. Shrimps first weight average was about 2 grams and after 60 days culture cropped down results: Shrimps biomass growth in 15-17 ppt salinity was higher than anther salinities who had meaning different with growth in 40-45 ppt salinity ( p< 0.05). But hadn’t meaning different with growth 27-30 ppt salinity. survival rate in 15-17 ppt salinity was 97.03 who was lower than another salinities. survival percent in 24-30 ppt salinity and 40-45 ppt salinity was 99.33% Highest biomass growth in different diets was in diet number 5 with 40 percent protein that it had meaning different with another diets (p<0.05) . although with informed to product expense in different diets. One kilogram shrimp product expense in different diets hadn’t meaning different (P<0.05) Survival rate in different diets hadn’t meaning different lowest feed conversion ratio was 1.67 in 15-14 salinity that hadn’t meaning different with another salinities also corpse protein quantity in different salinities and different diets hadn’t meaning different. Hemolymph Osmolality in 15-17 ppt salinity was 573.88 mOsm/kg had meaning different with hemolymph osmolality in 27-30 ppt salinity that was 650. 380 mOsm/kg and in 40-45 ppt salinity was 630.38 mOsm/kg. Hemolymph protein in 15-17 ppt salinity was 124.72 mg/ml had meaning different with hemlymph protein in 27-30 ppt salinity that was 136.52 mg/ml but hadn’t meaning different with hemolymph protein in 40-45 ppt salinity that was 128.84 mg/ml. Hemolymph protein in different diets hadn’t meaning different (p<0.05). Keywords: shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, protein , salinity, growth, survival rate, FCR, hemolymph osmolality, hemolymph protein.