Autonomic modulation and its relation with body composition in swimmers

This study compared autonomic modulation in swimmers and non-athletes in relation to body composition. A total of 28 athletes with a mean age of 19.7 +/- 2.9 years were evaluated who had at least 2 years of swimming training, trained approximately 7,000 m per day, with a frequency of 5 days per week, and who competed at national level. The control group was made up of 21 volunteers (23.0 +/- 2.5 years), who did not practice regular physical activity (<2 hours per week). Body composition was estimated using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and autonomic modulation was assessed by heart rate variability (HRV). The results show that there were significant differences in autonomic modulation and body composition between the groups, and that the athletes had a higher overall variability (standard deviation of all normal intervals between consecutive heart beats [SDNN]: 78.1 [72.5-93.5] x 61.1 [56.4-75.7], p = 0.022) and greater autonomic balance (LF/HF: 0.96 [0.88-1.35] x 0.71 [0.56-0.93], p = 0.023), compared with the non-athletes, respectively. In addition, a moderate and positive relation was obtained between fat-free mass and the square root of the squared differences between consecutive heartbeat intervals (RMSSD: r = 0.526, p = 0.004 x r = 0.456, p = 0.038), (SDNN: r = 0.617, p = 0.001 x r = 0.571, p = 0.007) and low frequency (LFms(2): r = 0.517, p = 0.005 3 r = 0.600, p = 0.004) in the athletes and non-athletes, respectively, without a correlation between fat mass (FM). The conclusion is that young highly trained swimmers had lower FM, increased fat-free mass, and better HRV than young adult non-athletes and suggests that a lower quantity of FM and, especially, a greater fat-free mass (FFM) are linked to better autonomic modulation. Thus, this study could contribute to coaches and trainers establishing greater performance by better autonomic modulation and greater quantity of FFM.

Influência do estado nutricional e da composição corporal na evolução clínica dos pacientes com doença inflamatória intestinal

Pós-graduação em Fisiopatologia em Clínica Médica - FMB

Short-term changes in handgrip strength, body composition, and lymphedema induced by breast cancer surgery

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influência da composição corporal e da síndrome metabólica sobre a relação da aptidão cardiorrespiratória com o estresse inflamatório

Physical activity is associated with lower cardiovascular disease risk factors, being cardiorespiratory fitness a major component of physical activity health related. Body fatness and sarcopenia are related to sedentary lifestyle leading to proinflammatory stress and lower cadiorespiratory capacity. This study aimed correlates C-reactive protein with cardiorespiratory fitness, analyzing the influences of anthropometrics variables and metabolic syndrome (MS) presence. the cross-sectional retrospective study included baseline data of 194 adults (62 male and 132 female), 53,74 ± 8,77 years, clinically and ethically selected for a lifestyle modification program. Total cholesterol (TC) and cholesterol lipoprotein fractions, triglycerides (TG) and glucose was dosed by dry chemistry (Vitros® system, Johnson & Johnson). Blood leukocytes was quantified by automatic cell counter (Coulter ABX®, Horiba). LDL-cholesterol was obtained by Friedwald formula. Serum ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (US-CRP) was accessed by the immunochemoluminescence method (Immulite 2000®, DPC Medlab). Weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were measured. Muscular mass and fat mass were obtained by bioelectrical impedance analysis (impedancemeter Quantum BIA-101Q®, Clinton Township). Arterial blood pressure was checked by auscultatory method and cardiorespiratory fitness was determined by ergoespirometric test (Balke protocol). The metabolic syndrome was diagnosed according NCEP – ATP III (2001), following recommendations of American Diabetes Association (2004). Pearson’s correlation crude and adjusted for confounders variables with p<0,05. The prevalence of MS was 30.4%. Crude correlation shows hsCRP was correlated inverse and significantly with VO2max (r= -0.21; p=-0.003) ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Comparação da força de preensão palmar e composição corporal entre mulheres mastectomizadas ou não

Introduction: Loss of muscle strength may represent a burden on everyday tasks significantly compromising the quality of life for mastectomy patients. In addition to the reduced strength of the upper limb, has been shown in mastectomy patients and difficulties in reducing grip. Objectives: To analyze the possible differences in grip strength among women undergoing breast cancer surgery and to compare the body composition. Methods: In the control group (CG n = 46) women participated in the community of FCT / UNESP aged 35 to 70 years without acute orthopedic pathologies. In the experimental group (EG n = 49) participated in women undergoing surgery for breast cancer, without bilateral lymphedema and independent of time and type of surgery. Were evaluated by dynamometer, by Dual Energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and physical assessment. Results: We observed significant differences in grip strength (p = 0.000), when the group after mastectomy compared with the control group and the radical mastectomy surgery left and quandrandectomia left (p = 0.004). Regarding the presence of lymphedema, statistical difference was observed in the composition of lean mass and trunk fat (p = 0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the experimental group are lower grip strength and trunk lean body mass when compared with the control group. The experimental group showed higher values of fat mass when there was presence of lymphedema

Efeito do treinamento físico aeróbio em hipertensos de meia idade e idosos nos valores de consumo máximo de oxigênio

The aim of this study was to investigate whether aerobic capacity (VO2max) would be modified by antihypertensive therapy in elderly and middle-age women after 12 weeks of exercise training. The volunteers were divided in two groups: normotensive (n=14) and hypertensive (n=14). Aerobic exercise was performed for 3 days/week, during 60 minutes, for 12 weeks with an intensity of 50-70% rest heart hate. Anthropometric parameters (weight and height), body fat index, % of fat mass, cardiopulmonary evaluation to calculated VO2max and a cardiovascular evaluation with blood pressure and rest heart hate were evaluated at baseline and after training program. At the end of study abdominal circumference and Borg scale were also evaluated. Our findings showed the aerobic program of 12 weeks was effective to reduce diastolic blood pressure in both groups. Systolic blood pressure was reduced only hypertensive group. No evidences were found the aerobic capacity was affected by hypertensive therapies. In conclusion, the aerobic program for 12 weeks was effective to reduce blood pressure and there was no influence of antihypertensive therapy on the aerobic capacity in this particular population.

Efeitos do treinamento concorrente sobre a composição corporal e gasto energético de repouso em mulheres na menopausa

Pós-graduação em Fisioterapia - FCT

Exercício físico resistido em pacientes com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise: ensaio clínico randomizado controlado

Pós-graduação em Fisioterapia - FCT

Gene polymorphisms and increased DNA damage in morbidly obese women

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Linear and undulating periodized strength plus aerobic training promote similar benefits and lead to improvement of insulin resistance on obese adolescents

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effect of concurrent training on gender-specific biochemical variables and adiposity in obese adolescents

Objective The purpose of the present study was to analyze the effects of a 20-week concurrent training (20 WCT) intervention program on gender-specific body composition and metabolic variables in obese adolescents.Subjects and methods Sample was composed of twenty-five obese adolescents, aged between 12 and 15 (13.4 ± 0.96) years. Fat-free mass (FFM), percentage trunk fat mass (TFM%) and percentage fat mass (%FM) were evaluated through dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Measurement of intra-abdominal adiposity (IAAT) was performed using ultrasound. Blood pressure was measured and blood samples analyzed for total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), triglycerides (TG) and plasma glucose. All participants performed the concurrent training (combination of weight training and aerobic training) three times per week, one hour per day, for 20 weeks. Descriptive analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA) for repeated measures were used to compare baseline, 10 week and 20 week moments using the Bonferroni post-hoc test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Significant decrease in TC, LDL-c and TFM% were verified in both genders after the 10 initial weeks of concurrent training.Results A significant increase in height was found in both the male and female groups (p = 0.001 and p = 0.047, respectively), after 20 weeks of concurrent training. In addition, several modifications were observed in body composition and metabolic variables, with a significant decrease in BMI (p = 0.002 and p = 0.017), BMI z-score (p = 0.033 and p = 0.004), FM% (p = 0.002 and p = 0.002), TFM% (p = 0.009 and p = 0.018), TC (p = 0.042 and p = 0.001) and LDL-c (p = 0.006 and p = 0.001) in the male and female groups, respectively, after 20 weeks of intervention when compared with baseline.Conclusion Our results identified that concurrent training was an effective intervention for treating metabolic variable and body composition disorders, in both genders, by decreasing adiposity with consequent improvement in BMI and BMI z-scores, and enhancement in lipid profile variables.

Investigation of cytokines, oxidative stress, metabolic, and inflammatory biomarkers after orange juice consumption by normal and overweight subjects

Abdominal adiposity has been linked to metabolic abnormalities, including dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, and low-grade inflammation. To test the hypothesis that consumption of 100% orange juice (OJ) would improve metabolic, oxidative, and inflammatory biomarkers and cytokine levels in normal and overweight subjects with increased waist circumference. Subjects were divided into two groups in accordance with their body mass index: normal and overweight. Both groups of individuals consumed 750 mL of OJ daily for 8 weeks. Body composition (weight, height, percentage of fat mass, and waist circumference); metabolic biomarkers (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [LDL-C], high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol [HDL-C], triglycerides, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and glycated hemoglobin); oxidative biomarkers (malondialdehyde and DPPH(•)); inflammatory biomarkers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hsCRP]); cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ); and diet were evaluated before and after consumption of OJ for 8 weeks. The major findings of this study were: 1) no alteration in body composition in either group; 2) improvement of the lipid profile, evidenced by a reduction in total cholesterol and LDL-C; 3) a potential stimulation of the immune response due to increase in IL-12; 4) anti-inflammatory effect as a result of a marked reduction in hsCRP; and 5) antioxidant action by the enhancement of total antioxidant capacity and the reduction of lipid peroxidation, in both normal and overweight subjects. OJ consumption has a positive effect on important biomarkers of health status in normal and overweight subjects, thereby supporting evidence that OJ acts as functional food and could be consumed as part of a healthy diet to prevent metabolic and chronic diseases.

A influência da prática de atividade regular na composição corporal de pacientes com osteoartrite

Introduction: Osteoarthritis, osteoarthrosis or degenerative joint disease characterized by progressive loss of articular cartilage, pain, changes in subchondral bone, osteophyte formation and proliferation. Age, bone mineral density, joint instability, excess weight among others, are risk factors. Methods: To check the influence os physical exercise in patients with the disease were evaluated 39 patients over 50 years, both genders, with clinical and / or radiographic osteoarthritis were divided into experimental group (EG) and control group (CG). EG performed regular physical activity (aerobics) three times a week for four months, while CG was submitted to physical therapy painkiller in the same period. We analyzed demographics, BMI, basal metabolic rate and percentage of fat mass. Results: The results showed that regular physical activity reduced the body fat, but because of their characteristics and low-impact aerobics was not observed consistent benefits in muscle component. However, compared with the CG demonstrated a positive impact on other parameters of body composition.

Densidade mineral óssea, exercício físico no lazer e composição corporal em mulheres pós-menopausa: estudo com usuárias do Sistema Único de Saúde

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeito da restrição alimentar e do grupo genético sobre a microbiota do trato gastrintestinal, a expressão gênica hepática e a deposição de lipídeos na carcaça de frangos de corte

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)