Del derecho penal mínimo al derecho penal estratégico una propuesta político, criminal desde el Ecuador

El presente estudio tienen por objeto responder a dos interrogantes: ¿el minimalismo es aplicable a la realidad ecuatoriana? y de haber un problema de incompatibilidad ¿existe un marco conceptual alternativo que permita gestionar la conflictividad criminal de manera efectiva? La importancia de la primera pregunta radica en que esta postura político criminal es la que se ha impuesto dentro del Derecho comparado y en el caso de nuestro país es la postura aceptada en la Constitución, por tanto si la respuesta es negativa, implica que el Ecuador se ha quedado sin un norte para gestionar su criminalidad. La segunda pregunta, conlleva la posibilidad de forjar un esquema conceptual alternativo que permita superar el inmovilismo y populismo en que ha caído la política criminal en las últimas décadas. Su estructura consta de tres libros: Libro I “El Derecho penal mínimo: análisis conceptual”, se enfoca en fijar los ejes conceptuales del minimalismo. El segundo libro “La aplicabilidad del derecho penal mínimo en el Ecuador”, aborda la primera pregunta planteada. Mediante un conjunto de reformas legislativas que han puesto a prueba la capacidad de los gobernantes de disminuir el ámbito de protección penal, revela que en el caso de las normas estructurales para el funcionamiento de la sociedad ecuatoriana los intentos han fracasado de manera sucesiva. El tercer libro “El derecho penal estratégico: una propuesta político criminal desde el Ecuador” aborda la segunda pregunta; sobre la base de una sucesión de rupturas conceptuales se diseña una propuesta político criminal alternativa. El estudio mantiene un profundo vínculo con la realidad tanto en el diagnóstico como en la propuesta político criminal. Constituye una apuesta por construir un marco conceptual basado en experiencias de las dos últimas décadas de nuestro país, para abordar el problema que hoy más preocupa a nuestra sociedad: la criminalidad.

The automatic identification and prioritisation of criminal networks from police crime data

The identification of criminal networks is not a routine exploratory process within the current practice of the law enforcement authorities; rather it is triggered by specific evidence of criminal activity being investigated. A network is identified when a criminal comes to notice and any associates who could also be potentially implicated would need to be identified if only to be eliminated from the enquiries as suspects or witnesses as well as to prevent and/or detect crime. However, an identified network may not be the one causing most harm in a given area.. This paper identifies a methodology to identify all of the criminal networks that are present within a Law Enforcement Area, and, prioritises those that are causing most harm to the community. Each crime is allocated a score based on its crime type and how recently the crime was committed; the network score, which can be used as decision support to help prioritise it for law enforcement purposes, is the sum of the individual crime scores.

Managing groups of files in a rule oriented data management system (iRODS)

The iRODS system, created by the San Diego Supercomputing Centre, is a rule oriented data management system that allows the user to create sets of rules to define how the data is to be managed. Each rule corresponds to a particular action or operation (such as checksumming a file) and the system is flexible enough to allow the user to create new rules for new types of operations. The iRODS system can interface to any storage system (provided an iRODS driver is built for that system) and relies on its’ metadata catalogue to provide a virtual file-system that can handle files of any size and type. However, some storage systems (such as tape systems) do not handle small files efficiently and prefer small files to be packaged up (or “bundled”) into larger units. We have developed a system that can bundle small data files of any type into larger units - mounted collections. The system can create collection families and contains its’ own extensible metadata, including metadata on which family the collection belongs to. The mounted collection system can work standalone and is being incorporated into the iRODS system to enhance the systems flexibility to handle small files. In this paper we describe the motivation for creating a mounted collection system, its’ architecture and how it has been incorporated into the iRODS system. We describe different technologies used to create the mounted collection system and provide some performance numbers.