Haljennut habitus : Bourdieun viimeisiksi jääneet omakohtaiset teokset englanninkielisinä käännöksinä

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

Homo academicus

Kirjallisuusarvostelu

O discurso acadêmico de Rubem Alves sobre "protestantismo" e "repressão": algumas observações 30 anos depois

Em 1979 foi publicado um dos primeiros ensaios críticos do protestantismo brasileiro. Seu autor, Rubem Alves, então teólogo presbiteriano, professor de filosofia e psicanalista, usando a linguagem da filosofia política, apresentou um livro que viria a se tornar um texto clássico no estudo do protestantismo brasileiro: Protestantismo e Repressão. Para isso criou um tipo ideal: "Protestantismo da Reta Doutrina" e desenvolveu uma metodologia própria, de inspiração fenomenológica e weberiana. Hoje, quase 30 anos depois, uma segunda edição surge com o nome "Religião e Repressão". Este artigo, partindo de sugestões da Sociologia do Conhecimento e das propostas de Pierre Bourdieu, procura descrever o campo religioso brasileiro em que esse texto surgiu, o contexto intelectual e político, discutindo a epistemologia e a metodologia empregada por Alves na confecção de sua obra.

Em Juazeiro do Norte, Nossa Senhora é Deus-mãe: um feminismo mariano?

O modelo feminino mariano destaca modos de comportamentos tais como submissão, humildade, generosidade etc. Tais comportamentos compõem as . Há possibilidades de se contrapor a este poder através de uma (Bourdieu 2003). Ao lado dessa perspectiva, destacamos que o amor materno não pode ser compreendido com ênfase na dominação; há algo de uma ordem maior que se aproxima do ágape cristão (Mayblin 2010). Este amor materno pode ser interpretado como uma ideia-valor (Dumont 2000) que orienta e ordena a ação dos indivíduos. Os autores discutem em que medida e quais os limites de se pensar o marianismo como uma ruptura com a ordem masculina.

The duality of tactical thought : a study of how Swedish land forces' commanders view tactics in irregular warfare

This is a sociological study of the views of officers in the Swedish Army and its Amphibious Forces on tactics in Irregular Warfare (IW), in particular, Counterinsurgency (COIN). IW comprises struggles, where the military weaker part uses an indirect approach with smaller units and integrates the civilian and military dimensions in a violence spectrum including subversion, terrorism, Guerrilla Warfare and infantry actions. IW is the main armed warfare style in insurgencies. COIN is the combined political, military, economic, social and legal actions in counter insurgencies. Data has been collected by means of interviews with almost all (n =43) officers, who were either commanding battalions or rifle and manoeuvre companies while undergoing training for general warfare and international operations. The main theoretical and methodological inspiration is the traditional one for research on social fields, inaugurated by the French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. The statistical technique used is Multiple Correspondence Analysis. As a background and context base, an inquiry inspired by the Begriffsgechichte (Conceptual History) tradition explores the genesis and development of understandings of the term Irregular Warfare. The research question is outlined as; “how can contemporary Swedish military thought on tactics in Irregular Warfare be characterized using descriptive patterns, mapped in relation to background factors and normative standards? The most significant findings are that there are two main opposing notions separating the officers’ views on tactics in Irregular Warfare: (1) a focus on larger, combat oriented and collectively operating military units versus smaller and larger, more intelligence oriented and dispersed operating units, and (2) a focus on military tasks and kinetic effects versus military and civilian tasks as well as “soft” effects. The distribution of these views can be presented as a two-dimensional space structured by the two axes. This space represents four categories of tactics, partly diverging from normative military standards for Counterinsurgency. This social space of standpoints shows different structural tendencies for background factors of social and cultural character, particularly dominant concerning military backgrounds, international mission experiences and civilian education. Compared to military standards for Counterinsurgency, the two tactical types characterized by a Regular Warfare mind-set stands out as counter-normative. Signs of creative thought on military practice and theory, as well as a still persistent Regular Warfare doxa are apparent. Power struggles might thus develop, effecting the transformation to a broadened warfare culture with an enhanced focus also on Irregular Warfare. The result does not support research results arguing for a convergence of military thought in the European transformation of Armed Forces. The main argument goes beyond tactics and suggests sociological analysis on reciprocal effects regarding strategy, operational art, tactics as well as leadership, concerning the mind-set and preferences for Regular, Irregular and Hybrid Warfare.

Luokkanäkökulma yhteiskunnallisiin liikkeisiin

Kirjallisuusarvostelu