Carbon sequestration associated to the land-use and land-cover changes in the forestry sector in Southern Brazil.

We studied the Paraíba do Sul river watershed , São Paulo state (PSWSP), Southeastern Brazil, in order to assess the land use and cover (LULC) and their implication s to the amount of carbon (C) stored in the forest cover between the years 1985 and 2015. Th e region covers a n area of 1,395,975 ha . We used images made by the Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensor (OLI/Landsat - 8) to produce mappings , and image segmentation techniques to produce vectors with homogeneous characteristics. The training samples and the samples used for classification and validation were collected from the segmented image. To quantify the C stocked in aboveground live biomass (AGLB) , we used an indirect method and applied literature - based reference values. The recovery of 205,690 ha of a secondary Native Forest (NF) after 1985 sequestered 9.7 Tg (Teragram) of C . Considering the whole NF area (455,232 ha), the amount of C accumulated al ong the whole watershed was 3 5 .5 Tg , and the whole Eucalyptus crop (EU) area (113,600 ha) sequester ed 4. 4 Tg of C. Thus, the total amount of C sequestered in the whole watershed (NF + EU) was 3 9 . 9 Tg of C or 1 45 . 6 Tg of CO 2 , and the NF areas were responsible for the large st C stock at the watershed (8 9 %). Therefore , the increase of the NF cover contribut es positively to the reduction of CO 2 concentration in the atmosphere, and Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD + ) may become one of the most promising compensation mechanisms for the farmers who increased forest cover at their farms.

Estratégias para controlar a Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e o Diabetes Mellitus em uma Unidade B��sica de Saúde da Família do Município de Salvador - BA

Trata-se da implantação de um plano de ação na UBS Eduardo B. Mamede, em Mussurunga, Salvador - BA, objetivando aumentar a aderência e eficácia do tratamento em hipertensos e diab��ticos, favorecendo, além da consulta médica, o esclarecimento de dúvidas em relação às doenças, o compartilhamento de experiências e a melhoria da relação do paciente com a UBS (funcionamento, marcação de consultas e serviços disponibilizados). Serão realizados encontros mensais no Centro Social Urbano ou na Igreja Católica da comunidade para orientação sobre o uso correto das medicações, acesso aos serviços do posto de saúde, dentre outros, bem como apoio do NASF (fisioterapeuta, psicólogo e nutricionista). Evidencia-se que trabalhar com atividade grupal faz com que os participantes percebam que as dificuldades enfrentadas são comuns. Partilhar experiências, identificar desafios e propor alternativas conduzem o ser humano a refletir e atuar na obtenção da melhoria da qualidade de vida.

Eduardo Zamacois: attività editoriale e opera letteraria

Eduardo Zamacois (Pinar del Río, 1873- Buenos Aires, 1971) was a main actor of the spanish’s literature and edition movement from the first third of the 20th century. He was the founder of magazines that had a big impact like “Germinal”, introductive of the sicalipsis (“La Vida Galante”) or so innovative that deserved an special chapter in the history of literature (“El Cuento Semanal” e “Los Contemporáneos”). With this work, it is intended to recreate the most significant stages from his autobiography adventure including the new information that offers his non before published letters exchange with his last sentimental partner. As a writer, his work was very popular in his homeland, translated to the world and reissued in Ibero-America. His literature work is based in three different phases. He began with the use of gallant literature (with books like La enferma, Punto negro) and took an adventure with the pays of mystery and irony (El otro, El misterio de un hombre pequñito, La opinion ajena) to finally focused in a narrative style of a realistic kind, that includes social critique (Las raíces). His last published novel in Spain is a portrait of Madrid during its long siege by the nationalist troops (El asedio de Madrid), a profound tribute to the people’s heroism and a declaration of love to the capital, that was his place of residence for a long time. While his exile, that took him to Cuba, New York and Buenos Aires, he worked in the radio, the dubbing industry and in finishing his most detailed bibliography, Un hombre que se va, a valuable document of that time.

Confesiones de un viejo editor español a un joven escritor santafecino : Eduardo Zamacois entrevistado para la revista Leoplan [1962]

1962: en una mesa del Tortoni, la entrevista realizada para la revista Leoplan a una figura ya mítica en el campo de la edición y la novela popular como es Eduardo Zamacois ofrece un recorrido por la vida de este hombre que está redactando sus memorias, donde desfilan, entre otros temas, los inicios de las novelas semanales que él creó, y una infinidad de anécdotas sobre los escritores españoles que conoció a lo largo de sus 84 años (para esas fechas). En el cruce entre entrevistador y entrevistado es posible asomarse además a un campo de lectura que los dos comparten, desde distintas orillas: geográficas, generacionales, culturales. Estos encuentros entre 'un hombre que se va' y un joven escritor llegado de su Santa Fe natal para arraigarse en Buenos Aires son también un testimonio de lo que los años 60 hacen posible: la convivencia de intereses y curiosidades compartidas, la coexistencia de tradiciones y modernidades entre las páginas de una revista cultural destinada a un lector masivo. El autor entrevistado, ya lo dijimos, es Eduardo Zamacois. El joven escritor -aquí duplicado en periodista- es Francisco Urondo

Confesiones de un viejo editor español a un joven escritor santafecino : Eduardo Zamacois entrevistado para la revista Leoplan [1962]

1962: en una mesa del Tortoni, la entrevista realizada para la revista Leoplan a una figura ya mítica en el campo de la edición y la novela popular como es Eduardo Zamacois ofrece un recorrido por la vida de este hombre que está redactando sus memorias, donde desfilan, entre otros temas, los inicios de las novelas semanales que él creó, y una infinidad de anécdotas sobre los escritores españoles que conoció a lo largo de sus 84 años (para esas fechas). En el cruce entre entrevistador y entrevistado es posible asomarse además a un campo de lectura que los dos comparten, desde distintas orillas: geográficas, generacionales, culturales. Estos encuentros entre 'un hombre que se va' y un joven escritor llegado de su Santa Fe natal para arraigarse en Buenos Aires son también un testimonio de lo que los años 60 hacen posible: la convivencia de intereses y curiosidades compartidas, la coexistencia de tradiciones y modernidades entre las páginas de una revista cultural destinada a un lector masivo. El autor entrevistado, ya lo dijimos, es Eduardo Zamacois. El joven escritor -aquí duplicado en periodista- es Francisco Urondo

Confesiones de un viejo editor español a un joven escritor santafecino : Eduardo Zamacois entrevistado para la revista Leoplan [1962]

1962: en una mesa del Tortoni, la entrevista realizada para la revista Leoplan a una figura ya mítica en el campo de la edición y la novela popular como es Eduardo Zamacois ofrece un recorrido por la vida de este hombre que está redactando sus memorias, donde desfilan, entre otros temas, los inicios de las novelas semanales que él creó, y una infinidad de anécdotas sobre los escritores españoles que conoció a lo largo de sus 84 años (para esas fechas). En el cruce entre entrevistador y entrevistado es posible asomarse además a un campo de lectura que los dos comparten, desde distintas orillas: geográficas, generacionales, culturales. Estos encuentros entre 'un hombre que se va' y un joven escritor llegado de su Santa Fe natal para arraigarse en Buenos Aires son también un testimonio de lo que los años 60 hacen posible: la convivencia de intereses y curiosidades compartidas, la coexistencia de tradiciones y modernidades entre las páginas de una revista cultural destinada a un lector masivo. El autor entrevistado, ya lo dijimos, es Eduardo Zamacois. El joven escritor -aquí duplicado en periodista- es Francisco Urondo

Kitāb Sawāṭiʻ al-anwār fī maʻrifat awqāt al-ṣalawāt wa-al-asḥār / min taʼlīf al-Fāḍil al-Kāmil Mawlawī Muḥammad Ghawth : manuscript, 1873 or 4

According to the colophon (f. 68v), copy completed in 1290 AH [1873 or 74 AD].

Novyi︠a︡ stikhotvorenīi︠a︡ F.B. Millera : 1861-1873.

Mode of access: Internet.

A Highly Improved Method For Sensitive Determination Of Amitriptyline In Pharmaceutical Formulations Using An Unmodified Carbon Nanotube Electrode In The Presence Of Sulfuric Acid.

The present paper describes a novel, simple and reliable differential pulse voltammetric method for determining amitriptyline (AMT) in pharmaceutical formulations. It has been described for many authors that this antidepressant is electrochemically inactive at carbon electrodes. However, the procedure proposed herein consisted in electrochemically oxidizing AMT at an unmodified carbon nanotube paste electrode in the presence of 0.1 mol L(-1) sulfuric acid used as electrolyte. At such concentration, the acid facilitated the AMT electroxidation through one-electron transfer at 1.33 V vs. Ag/AgCl, as observed by the augmentation of peak current. Concerning optimized conditions (modulation time 5 ms, scan rate 90 mV s(-1), and pulse amplitude 120 mV) a linear calibration curve was constructed in the range of 0.0-30.0 μmol L(-1), with a correlation coefficient of 0.9991 and a limit of detection of 1.61 μmol L(-1). The procedure was successfully validated for intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy. Moreover, its feasibility was assessed through analysis of commercial pharmaceutical formulations and it has been compared to the UV-vis spectrophotometric method used as standard analytical technique recommended by the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia.

Characterization of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes in patients from Rondonia, Brazil

Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can be classified into nine genotypes (A-I) defined by sequence divergence of more than 8% based on the complete genome. This study aims to identify the genotypic distribution of HBV in 40 HBsAg-positive patients from Rondonia, Brazil. A fragment of 1306 bp partially comprising surface and polymerase overlapping genes was amplified by PCR. Amplified DNA was purified and sequenced. Amplified DNA was purified and sequenced on an ABI PRISM (R) 377 Automatic Sequencer (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA). The obtained sequences were aligned with reference sequences obtained from the GenBank using Clustal X software and then edited with Se-Al software. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted by the Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) approach using BEAST v.1.5.3. Results: The subgenotypes distribution was A1 (37.1%), D3 (22.8%), F2a (20.0%), D4 (17.1%) and D2 (2.8%). Conclusions: These results for the first HBV genotypic characterization in Rondonia state are consistent with other studies in Brazil, showing the presence of several HBV genotypes that reflects the mixed origin of the population, involving descendants from Native Americans, Europeans, and Africans.

Acute and chronic effects of exercise on inflammatory markers and B-type natriuretic peptide in patients with coronary artery disease

Few studies have prospectively addressed the effects of exercise in the inflammatory activity of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We sought to evaluate the consequences of an acute bout of exercise on inflammatory markers and BNP in untrained CAD patients before and after randomization to a training program. 34 CAD patients underwent a 50-min acute exercise session on a cycle-ergometer at 65% peak oxygen uptake before and after blood sampling. They were then randomized to a 4-month chronic exercise program (15 patients) or general lifestyle recommendations (19 patients), undergoing a new acute session of exercise after that. In the overall population, acute exercise caused a significant increase in C-reactive protein [CRP; 1.79 (4.49) vs. 1.94 (4.89) mg/L, P < 0.001], monokine induced by interferon-gamma [Mig; 351 (324) vs. 373 (330) pg/mL, P = 0.027] and vascular adhesion molecule-1 [VCAM-1; 226 (82) vs. 252 (110) pg/mL, P = 0.02]. After 4-months, in exercise-trained patients, there was a significant decrease in the inflammatory response provoked by the acute exercise compared to patients in the control group reflected by a significant decrease in the differences between rest and post-exercise levels of CRP [-0.29 (0.84) mg/L vs. -0.11 (0.21) mg/L, P = 0.05]. Resting BNP was also significantly lower in exercise-trained patients when compared to untrained controls [15.6 (16.2) vs. 9.7 (11.4) pg/mL, P = 0.04 and 19.2 (27.8) vs. 23.2 (27.5) pg/mL, P = 0.76; respectively]. Chronic exercise training might partially reverse the inflammatory response caused by acute exercise in CAD patients. These results suggest that regular exercise is an important nonpharmacological strategy to the improvement in inflammation in CAD patients.

Thermal expansion of the V(5)Si(3) and T(2) phases of the V-Si-B system investigated by high-temperature X-ray diffraction

The thermal expansion anisotropy of the V(5)Si(3) and T(2)-phase of the V-Si-B system were determined by high-temperature X-ray diffraction from 298 to 1273 K. Alloys with nominal compositions V(62.5)Si(37.5) (V5Si3 phase) and V(63)Si(12)B(25) (T(2)-phase) were prepared from high-purity materials through arc-melting followed by heat-treatment at 1873 K by 24 h, under argon atmosphere. The V(5)Si(3) phase exhibits thermal expansion anisotropy equals to 1.3, with thermal expansion coefficients along the a and c-axis equal to 9.3 x 10(-6) K(-1) and 11.7 x 10(-6) K(-1), respectively. Similarly, the thermal expansion anisotropy value of the T(2)-phase is 0.9 with thermal expansion coefficients equal to 8.8 x 10(-6) K(-1) and 8.3 x 10(-6) K(-1) along the, a and c-axis respectively. Compared to other isostructural silicides of the 5:3 type and the Ti(5)Si(3) phase, the V(5)Si(3) phase presents lower thermal expansion anisotropy. The T(2)-phase present in the V-Si-B system exhibits low thermal expansion anisotropy, as the T(2)-phase of the Mo-Si-B, Nb-Si-B and W-Si-B systems. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A prognostic score for AIDS-related diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in Brazil

The aim of this study was to evaluate a prognostic score for aids-related lymphoma (ARL). A retrospective study of 104 patients with ARL treated between January 1999 and December 2007 was conducted. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBC) was the most observed histological type (79.8%). The median CD4 lymphocyte count at lymphoma diagnosis was 125 cells per microliter. Treatment response could be evaluated in 83 (79.8%) patients, and 38 (45.8%) reached complete remission (CR); overall response rate was 51.8% (95 CI = 38.5-65.1%). After a median follow-up of 48 months, the 4-year overall survival (OS) rate among all patients was 35.8%, with a median survival time of 9.7 months (95% CI = 5.5-13.9 months). The survival risk factors observed in multivariate analysis (previous AIDS and high-intermediate/high international prognostic index (IPI)) were combined to construct a risk score, which divided the whole patient population in three distinct groups as low, intermediate, and high risk. When this score was applied to DLBC patients, a clear distinction in response rates and in OS could be demonstrated. Median disease-free survival (DFS) for patients that achieved CR was not reached, and DFS in 4 years was 83.0%. Our results show that the reduced OS observed could be explained by poor immune status with advanced stage of disease seen in our population of HIV-positive patients. Further studies will be needed to clarify the role of different treatment approaches for ARL in the setting of marked immunosuppression and to identify a group of patients to whom intensive therapy could be performed with a curative intent.

Clinical usefulness of B-type natriuretic peptide in the diagnosis of pleural effusions due to heart failure

Background and objective: Light`s criteria are frequently used to evaluate the exudative or transudative nature of pleural effusions. However, misclassification resulting from the use of Light`s criteria has been reported, especially in the setting of diuretic use in patients with heart failure (HF). The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) measurements as a diagnostic tool for determining the cardiac aetiology of pleural effusions. Methods: Patients with pleural effusions attributable to HF (n = 34), hepatic hydrothorax (n = 10), pleural effusions due to cancer (n = 21) and pleural effusions due to tuberculosis (n = 12) were studied. Diagnostic thoracentesis was performed for all 77 patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to determine the diagnostic accuracy of plasma BNP and pleural fluid BNP for the prediction of HF. Results: The areas under the ROC curves were 0.987 (95% CI 0.93-0.998) for plasma BNP and 0.949 (95% CI 0.874-0.986) for pleural fluid BNP, for distinguishing between patients with pleural effusions caused by HF (n = 34) and those with pleural effusions attributable to other causes (n = 43). The cut-off concentrations with the highest diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of HF as the cause of pleural effusion were 132 pg/mL for plasma BNP (sensitivity 97.1%, specificity 97.4%) and 127 pg/mL for pleural fluid BNP (sensitivity 97.1%, specificity 87.8%). Conclusions: In patients with pleural effusions of suspected cardiac origin, measurements of BNP in plasma and pleural fluid may be useful for the diagnosis of HF as the underlying cause.