Sorption isotherm, glass transitions and state diagram for freeze-dried plum skin and pulp

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to determine phase transitions of freeze-dried plums. Samples at low and intermediate moisture contents, were conditioned by adsorption at various water activities (0.11≤a w≤0.90) at 25°C, whereas in the high moisture content region (a w>0.90) samples were obtained by direct water addition, with the resulting sorption isotherm being well described by the Guggenheim-Anderson-deBoer (GAB) model. Freeze-dried samples of separated plum skin and pulp were also analysed. At a w≤0.75, two glass transitions were visible, with the glass transition temperature (T g) decreasing with increasing a w due to the water plasticising effect. The first T g was attributed to the matrix formed by sugars and water. The second one, less visible and less plasticised by water, was probably due to macromolecules of the fruit pulp. The Gordon-Taylor model represented satisfactorily the matrix glass transition curve for a w≤0.90. In the higher moisture content range T g remained practically constant around T g′ (-57.5°C). Analysis of the glass transition curve and the sorption isotherm indicated that stability at a temperature of 25°C, would be attained by freeze dried plum at a water activity of 0.04, corresponding to a moisture content of 12.9% (dry basis). © 2006 SAGE Publications.

Science and technology for sustainable development: a Latin American perspective

This publication, compiled by Gilberto C. Gallopín, Regional Adviser in Environmental Policy for Latin America and the Caribbean, contains the results of the deliberations of the Latin American and Caribbean Regional Workshop on Science and Technology for Sustainable Development. The purpose of the Workshop was to discuss the practical, theoretical and organizational challenges that the quest for sustainable development poses to science and technology (S&T). The increase in complexity and connectivity characteristic of our times results in that the components of the problems are now much less separable than before, and emphasizes the need to approach the problems of development and the environment not only as complex issues in themselves, but also as inseparable and mutually determined. This represents an exceptional challenge to science and technology, particularly to the analytical approaches compartmentalized into disciplines, which represents the bulk of activities and priorities of current S&T systems in both north and south. The Workshop attempted to articulate a Latin American and Caribbean vision towards the search of more effective ways of generating and applying Science and Technology to the problems and opportunities of the region.

Sustainable development: epistemological challenges to science and technology. Report of the workshop Sustainable Development: Epistemological Challenges to Science and Technology""

Includes bibliography

Technology, innovation and transfer of technology in the cement industry

Includes bibliography

Science and technology policy and the National Innovation System in Argentina

Includes bibliography

Informe del Noveno Período de Sesiones del Comité de Expertos Gubernamentales de Alto Nivel, dedicado a la ciencia y la tecnología para el desarrollo = Report of the Ninth Session of the Committee of High-Level Government Experts: science and technology for development

Presenta la organizacion de los trabajos y el resumen de los debates de la reunion del CEGAN, realizada en Montevideo entre el 23 y el 24 de enero de 1984 en la cual se trataron la evaluacion de la aplicacion del Programa de Accion de Viena sobre ciencia y tecnologia para el desarrollo en America Latina, las propuestas de medidas y acciones futuras y las recomendaciones a los organos internacionales y regionales.

Nota de la Secretaría sobre el Plan de Acción Mundial para la Aplicación de la Ciencia y la Tecnología al Desarrollo durante el Segundo Decenio para el Desarrollo = World Plan Action for the Application of Science and Technology to Development during Second Development Decade: note by the Secretariat

Incluye Bibliografía

Report on activities of the Caribbean Council for Science and Technology: Workshop on Methodology for Assessment of National Science and Technology Capabilities

Informe de la reunion sobre metodologia para la evaluacion de las capacidades nacionales en ciencia y tecnologia, realizada en Suriname, del 12 al 15 de octubre de 1981. Presenta un resumen de los debates, conclusiones y recomendaciones.

Informe de actividades del Consejo del Caribe de Ciencia y Tecnología (CCCT), 1981-1982 = Report of the activities of the Caribbean Council for Science and Technology (CCST), 1981-1982

Describe las actividades realizadas por el Consejo del Caribe para la Ciencia y la Tecnologia, desde noviembre de 1981 a diciembre de 1982. Incluye el informe de la segunda reunion plenaria del Consejo, llevada a cabo en Kingston, Jamaica, del 3 al 5 de noviembre de 1982.