Silicon carbide whiskers,

"Based on research supported by the United States Air Force through the Nonmetallic Materials Laboratory, Directorate of materials & Processes, Aeronautical Systems Division, under Contract no. AF 33 (616)-7005."

Análise dos relatórios de sustentabilidade das indústrias de papel e celulose

O Relatório de Sustentabilidade é a demonstração utilizada pelas empresas para divulgar e evidenciar suas práticas sustentáveis. A presente pesquisa buscou compreender de que forma as cinco maiores empresas do segmento de papel e celulose divulgam aos interessados tais práticas e indicadores de desempenho econômico, social e ambiental. Realizou-se análise documental, para verificar a evolução da divulgação dos índices no período de 2008 a 2011, pode-se observar que houve uma evolução expressiva na divulgação dos Indicadores GRI, essencialmente porque estes são reconhecidos mundialmente, o que proporciona as empresas maior transparência e confiabilidade em vários mercados, inclusive externos, e por outro lado observou-se uma redução na divulgação no Balanço Social – Modelo IBASE.

Aproveitamento sustentável do bagaço de cana de açúcar para obtenção do acetato de celulose

The sustainable use of waste resulting from the agribusiness is currently the focus of research, especially the sugar cane bagasse (BCA), being the lignocellulosic waste produced in greater volume in the Brazilian agribusiness, where the residual biomass has been applied in production energy and bioproducts. In this paper, pulp was produced in high purity from the (BCA) by pulping soda / anthraquinone and subsequent conversion to cellulose acetate. Commercial cellulose Avicel was used for comparison. The obtained cellulose acetate was homogeneous acetylation reaction by modifying the variables, the reaction time in hours (8, 12, 16, 20 and 24) and temperature in ° C (25 and 50). FTIR spectra showed characteristic bands identical to cellulosic materials, demonstrating the efficiency of separation by pulping. The characterization of cellulose acetate was obtained and by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TG / DTG / DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and determining the degree of substitution (DS ) for the cellulose acetate to confirm the acetylation. The optimal reaction time for obtaining diacetates and triacetates, at both temperatures were 20 and 24 h. Cellulose acetate produced BCA presented GS between 2.57 and 2.7 at 25 ° C and 50 ° C GS obtained were 2.66 and 2.84, indicating the actual conversion of cellulose BCA of di- and triacetates. Comparative mode, commercial cellulose Avicel GS showed 2.78 and 2.76 at 25 ° C and 2.77 to 2.75 at 50 ° C. Data were collected in time of 20 h and 24 h, respectively. The best result was for the synthesis of cellulose acetate obtained from the BCA GS 2.84 to 50 ° C and 24 hours, being classified as cellulose triacetate, which showed superior result to that produced with the commercial ethyl cellulose Avicel, demonstrating converting potential of cellulose derived from a lignocellulosic residue (BCA), low cost, prospects of commercial use of cellulose acetate

Obtenção de triacetato de celulose a partir do bagaço de cana-deaçúcar para revestimento de micropartículas de goma gelana e avaliação do seu perfil de liberação in vitro e da mucoadesão ex vivo

Oral route of administration is considered to be the most comfortable, safe and greater adaptation for patients. But, oral route presents some disadvantages such as drugs bioavailability and side effects on the stomach. Some technologies are studied to soften and/or resolve these problems, such as coating with polymeric films, which are able to protect the pharmaceutical form of the acid stomachic environment and to act in the drug release, and mucoadhesive systems, which allow the pharmaceutical form remains a greater time interval in the intestine, increasing the effectiveness of the drug. Cellulose triacetate (CTA) films were produced from cellulose extracted from sugar cane bagasse. The films were prepared with different morphologies (with and without water, acting as non-solvent) and concentrations (3, 6.5 and 10%) of CTA and characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water vapor permeability (WVP), puncture resistance (PR), enzymatic digestion (DE), and mucoadhesive force evaluation (MF). Microscopy showed the formation of symmetric and asymmetric morphologies. WVP data showed that more concentrated films have higher values for WVP; moreover, asymmetric films had higher values than symmetric films. PR measurements showed that symmetric membranes are more resistant than asymmetric ones. More concentrated films were also more puncture resistant, except for symmetric membranes with CTA concentrations of 6.5 and 10% that did not show significant differences. All of the films presented large mucoadhesive capacities independent of their morphology and CTA concentration. From the results of WVP and RP, a symmetric filme with 6.5% CTA showed better ability and mechanical resistance, therefore, was selected to serve as coating of gellan gum (GG) particles incorporating ketoprofen (KET), which was confirmed by SEM. The selected film presented low values in measurements of the swelling index (SI) and in a dissolution test (DT). TGA analysis showed that the CTA coating does not influence the thermal stability of the particles and there is no incompatibility evidence between CTA, GG and KET. Coated particles released 100% of the ketoprofen in 24 h, while uncoated particles released the same amount in 4 h. The results of this study highlight the potential of CTA in the development of new controlled oral delivery systems.

Síntese, aplicação e avaliação do efeito do teor de fósforo da celulose fosfatada em argamassa de alvenaria com aditivo comercial a base de hidroxi-etil-metil celulose (HEMC)

Generally, cellulose ethers improves mortar properties such as water retention, workability and setting time, along with adherence to the substrate. However, a major disadvantage of the addition of cellulose ethers in mortars is the delay in hydration of the cement. In this paper a cellulose phosphate (Cp) was synthesized water soluble and has been evaluated the effect of their incorporation into mortar based on Portland cement. Cellulose phosphate obtained was characterized by spectrophotometry Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mortar compositions were formulated with varying phosphorus content in cellulose and cellulose phosphate concentrations, when used in partial or total replacement of the commercial additive based hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose (HEMC). The mortars formulated with additives were prepared and characterized by: testing in the fresh state (consistency index, water retention, bulk density and air content incorporated) and in the hardened state (absorption by capillarity, density, flexural and compression strength). In mixtures the proportion of sand:cement of 1:5 (v / v) and factor a / c = 1.31 and water were held constant. Overall, the results showed that the celluloses phosphates employed in mortars added acted significantly when partially substituting the commercial additive. With regard to consistency index, water retention and bulk density in the fresh state and absorption by capillarity and bulk density apparent in the hardened state, showed no appreciable differences as compared to the commercial additive. The incorporated air content in the fresh state reduced markedly, but did not affect other properties. The mortars with cellulose phosphate, partially replacing the commercial additive showed an improvement of the properties of flexural strength and compressive strength

Uso de resíduos da indústria de papel e celulose em plantios florestais: aspectos técnicos e legais.

Introdução; Principais resíduos sólidos e semi-sólidos gerados em complexos integrados de celulose e papel; Aspectos técnicos e legais voltados à elaboração de projeto agronômico para uso de resíduos em plantios florestais; Caracterização e classificação dos resíduos quanto aos seus riscos potenciais ao meio ambiente e à saúde pública; Caracterização de resíduos sob o aspecto agronômico; Critérios para definição de doses, épocas e formas de aplicação; Avaliação de problemas de ordem ambiental; Avaliação da viabilidade econômica; Seleção e caracterização das áreas de aplicação; Monitoramento agronômico e ambiental da área de aplicação; Manuseio, transporte e armazenamento; Processos adicionais de tratamento.

Potencial da indústria de papel e celulose no contexto de biorrefinaria.

2015

Celulose proveniente de fibras alternativas: uma solução viável?

2015

Influência da adição de fibras de celulose (papel kraft) nas características dos blocos de concreto não estrutural

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Tecnologia, Departamento de Engenharia Civil e Ambiental, 2016.

Coeficientes de difusão de metais em materiais não convencionais (agarose e acetato de celulose) usados na técnica de difusão em filmes finos por gradientes de concentração

The DGT technique allows one to measure quantitatively free and labile metal species in aquatic systems. Nevertheless, for this approach, knowledge is required of the diffusion coefficients of the analytes in a diffusive layer. In this study, the diffusion coefficients of Hg(II), As(III), Mn(II), Mg(II), Cu(II), Cd(II) were determined in agarose gel and those of Ba(II), Cd(II), Cu(II), Mg(II), Mn(II) e Zn(II) in cellulose acetate membranes. These materials presented good performance and the reported results can be used as a data base for further DGT studies.

Modelos de sustentabilidade de empresas de celulose e papel baseados no modelo orientado à representação do pensamento humano

No presente trabalho, são descritos modelos de sustentabilidade de empresas da área de Celulose e Papel. Foram escolhidas três empresas do Programa Em Boa Companhia (PEBC) da BM&F BOVESPA: Irani, Klabin e Suzano. Objetos e relacionamentos de sites dessas empresas foram extraídos para a composição de modelos explicitados com frames da metodologia do Modelo Orientado à Representação do Pensamento Humano (MORPH). Os modelos foram comparados com seus respectivos lucros básicos por ação, sendo que a empresa Suzano divulga, de forma mais objetiva, o conhecimento com relação à governança sustentável, práticas socioambientais e adição de valor aos stakeholders.

Aspectos da produção e mercado de madeira e celulose no Brasil e na Região Norte.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento do mercado de madeira e celulose no Brasil e na Região Norte. O modelo de análise proposto inclui as variáveis relevantes que determinam a oferta e a demanda de madeira e celulose, assim como as expectativas sobre a formação de preços. Os resultados mostram que tanto a oferta quanto a demanda de celulose são inelásticas a preço. Isto significa que tanto o produtor quanto o consumidor fazem ajuste nas quantidades ofertada e demandada em proporção inferior às variações de preço. Outro fato relevante é que a demanda de celulose na Região Norte é perfeitamente inelástica à renda, indicando que o consumo não reage às mudanças na renda do consumidor. A conclusão que se tira dos resultados é que o setor torna-se muito vulnerável às mudanças de política tributária e cambial que incidem diretamente sobre a circulação do produto para mercados interno e internacional.