Oeuvres / Spinoza ; 1. Oeuvres. 3 / Spinoza ; trad. et notes par Charles Appuhn

Collection : GF-Flammarion

Primate adult brain cell autotransplantation produces behavioral and biological recovery in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced parkinsonian St. Kitts monkeys.

The potential for "replacement cells" to restore function in Parkinson's disease has been widely reported over the past 3 decades, rejuvenating the central nervous system rather than just relieving symptoms. Most such experiments have used fetal or embryonic sources that may induce immunological rejection and generate ethical concerns. Autologous sources, in which the cells to be implanted are derived from recipients' own cells after reprogramming to stem cells, direct genetic modifications, or epigenetic modifications in culture, could eliminate many of these problems. In a previous study on autologous brain cell transplantation, we demonstrated that adult monkey brain cells, obtained from cortical biopsies and kept in culture for 7 weeks, exhibited potential as a method of brain repair after low doses of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) caused dopaminergic cell death. The present study exposed monkeys to higher MPTP doses to produce significant parkinsonism and behavioral impairments. Cerebral cortical cells were biopsied from the animals, held in culture for 7 weeks to create an autologous neural cell "ecosystem" and reimplanted bilaterally into the striatum of the same six donor monkeys. These cells expressed neuroectodermal and progenitor markers such as nestin, doublecortin, GFAP, neurofilament, and vimentin. Five to six months after reimplantation, histological analysis with the dye PKH67 and unbiased stereology showed that reimplanted cells survived, migrated bilaterally throughout the striatum, and seemed to exert a neurorestorative effect. More tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons and significant behavioral improvement followed reimplantation of cultured autologous neural cells as a result of unknown trophic factors released by the grafts. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:2729-2740, 2014. �� 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The OCBI Tipping Point, August 23, 2007, Vol. 1, no.3

This is the weekly e-Newsletter called ���The OCBI Tipping Point.��� We hope that you find it very informative as we explore all possibilities to keep our constituency and the general public informed about all matters that affect Blacks in the state of Iowa.

Iowa Board of Dental Examiners, October 27, 2003, Vol 1, no. 3

Newsletter produced by the Iowa Dental Board.

Modifica����es nas formas de f��sforo do solo ap��s extra����es sucessivas com Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3 e resina trocadora de ��nions

O f��sforo encontra-se no solo em diversas formas, que variam de acordo com a natureza qu��mica dos compostos a que est�� ligado e �� energia de liga����o com estes. Assim, a labilidade das formas de P do solo �� vari��vel e os m��todos de rotina utilizados para avalia����o da disponibilidade para as plantas devem ser h��beis em dessorver as formas que t��m capacidade de sustentar a absor����o das plantas. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi estudar o modo de a����o de extratores por meio do acompanhamento das modifica����es ocorridas nas formas de P do solo ap��s tr��s e treze extra����es sucessivas com os m��todos Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3 e resina trocadora de ��nions (RTA). Foram utilizadas amostras de um Latossolo Vermelho distrof��rrico t��pico cultivado sob sistema plantio direto e que recebeu, nos ��ltimos seis anos, doses anuais de 0, 30, 60, 90 e 120 kg ha-1 P2O5, totalizando 0, 180, 360, 540 e 720 kg ha-1 P2O5. Ap��s as extra����es sucessivas com os m��todos, o solo remanescente foi seco em estufa e realizado o fracionamento qu��mico do P, segundo o fracionamento de Hedley. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os m��todos Mehlich-1 e resina trocadora de ��nions atuavam principalmente sobre as fra����es inorg��nicas, sendo parte do P dessorvido por esses extratores readsorvido aos col��ides do solo, enquanto o m��todo Mehlich-3 provocava a dessor����o de P tanto de formas inorg��nicas como de org��nicas. Os m��todos Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3 e RTA dessorveram o P de acordo com a labilidade no solo, extraindo, primeiramente, as formas mais l��beis e, posteriormente, as de menor labilidade.

Healthy Aging Update, April 1, 2006, Vol. 1, no. 3

This bimonthly electronic newsletter will provide information and resources on nutrition and health promotion and disease prevention. The Healthy Aging Update is produced for informal and educational purposes only. The newsletter will be distributed electronically and posted on the Department���s website at www.state.ia.us/elderaffairs.

Johne���s Disease���Beef, Winter 2010, Vol. 1, no. 3

Newsletter about controlling animal diseases, tips and techniques on how prevention works and the transportation of livestock.

Johne���s Disease���Dairy, Winter 2009, Vol. 1, no. 3

Newsletter about controlling animal diseases, tips and techniques on how prevention works and the transportation of livestock.

Immunization Update, September 2006, Vol. 1, no. 3

Monthly newsletter for the Iowa Department of Public Health

Disponibilidade de zinco para milho pelos extratores Mehlich-1, Mehlich-3 e DPTA em solos de Minas Gerais, na presen��a e aus��ncia de calagem

No Brasil, diversos extratores qu��micos s��o utilizados na determina����o de Zn dispon��vel para as plantas, destacando-se Mehlich-1 e DTPA. Este trabalho foi realizado com o objetivo de estudar a disponibilidade de Zn em solos de Minas Gerais em fun����o de doses de Zn e de calc��rio e extratores qu��micos, utilizando-se milho como planta indicadora. Os extratores estudados foram: (a) Mehlich-1 com filtragem lenta ap��s a extra����o (M-1f); (b) Mehlich-1 com retirada do sobrenadante ap��s 16 h de repouco (M-1s); (c) Mehlich-3 (M-3); e (d) DTPA. As amostras receberam aduba����o b��sica com macro e micronutrientes (-Zn) e cinco doses de Zn na forma de ZnSO4 (0, 2, 4 6 e 8 mg dm-3 de Zn) na aus��ncia ou presen��a de calagem. Quinze dias ap��s a fertiliza����o, subamostras foram coletadas para a determina����o de Zn pelos extratores. Para Mehlich-1, o extrato foi obtido por meio de dois procedimentos: filtragem logo ap��s extra����o (M-1f) e retirada de al��quota ap��s 16 h (M-1s). O restante do solo foi acondicionado em vasos pl��sticos, para o cultivo do milho durante 50 dias. A capacidade de extra����o variou na seguinte ordem: M-1s > M-1f > M-3 > DTPA, para todos os solos, na aus��ncia e na presen��a de calagem. O M-1s e o M-3 n��o apresentaram diferen��as na capacidade de extra����o com a calagem, enquanto M-1f e DTPA foram sens��veis �� calagem. Os teores de Zn obtidos com todos os extratores correlacionaram-se significativa e negativamente com o teor de argila e a capacidade de campo dos solos, tanto na aus��ncia como na presen��a de calagem. Os teores obtidos com DTPA apresentaram maior correla����o com caracter��sticas de solo na presen��a de calagem, indicando que esse extrator aumentou sua sensibilidade �� capacidade-tamp��o em valores mais elevados de pH. Todos os extratores mostraram correla����es com o conte��do de Zn na planta; portanto, podem ser utilizados na avalia����o da disponibilidade de Zn do solo.

The Iowa Telecommunicator, June 2007, vol. 1, no. 3

A newsletter produced by the Iowa Law Enforcement Academy.

Missouri River Flood Recovery, December 2, 2012 Vol. 1, no. 3

The Missouri River Flood Recovery newsletter is published by the Iowa Homeland Security and Emergency Management Division in cooperation with members of the Missouri River Recovery Coordination Task Force.

Inflammatory role of ASC in antigen-induced arthritis is independent of caspase-1, NALP-3, and IPAF.

Because IL-1beta plays an important role in inflammation in human and murine arthritis, we investigated the contribution of the inflammasome components ASC, NALP-3, IPAF, and caspase-1 to inflammatory arthritis. We first studied the phenotype of ASC-deficient and wild-type mice during Ag-induced arthritis (AIA). ASC(-/-) mice showed reduced severity of AIA, decreased levels of synovial IL-1beta, and diminished serum amyloid A levels. In contrast, mice deficient in NALP-3, IPAF, or caspase-1 did not show any alteration of joint inflammation, thus indicating that ASC associated effects on AIA are independent of the classical NALP-3 or IPAF inflammasomes. Because ASC is a ubiquitous cytoplasmic protein that has been implicated in multiple cellular processes, we explored other pathways through which ASC may modulate inflammation. Ag-specific proliferation of lymph node and spleen cells from ASC-deficient mice was significantly decreased in vitro, as was the production of IFN-gamma, whereas IL-10 production was enhanced. TCR ligation by anti-CD3 Abs in the presence or absence of anti-CD28 Abs induced a reduction in T cell proliferation in ASC(-/-) T cells compared with wild-type ones. In vivo lymph node cell proliferation was also significantly decreased in ASC(-/-) mice, but no effects on apoptosis were observed either in vitro or in vivo in these mice. In conclusion, these results strongly suggest that ASC modulates joint inflammation in AIA through its effects on cell-mediated immune responses but not via its implication in inflammasome formation.

Rational design of 4-aryl-1,2,3-triazoles for indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 inhibition.

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) is an important therapeutic target for the treatment of diseases such as cancer that involve pathological immune escape. Starting from the scaffold of our previously discovered IDO1 inhibitor 4-phenyl-1,2,3-triazole, we used computational structure-based methods to design more potent ligands. This approach yielded highly efficient low molecular weight inhibitors, the most active being of nanomolar potency both in an enzymatic and in a cellular assay, while showing no cellular toxicity and a high selectivity for IDO1 over tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO). A quantitative structure-activity relationship based on the electrostatic ligand-protein interactions in the docked binding modes and on the quantum chemically derived charges of the triazole ring demonstrated a good explanatory power for the observed activities.