O papel dos sistemas visual, vestibular, somatosensorial e auditivo para o controle postural

The maintenance of a given body orientation is obtained by the complex relation between sensory information and muscle activity. Therefore, this study purpose was to review the role of visual, somatosensory, vestibular and auditory information in the maintenance and control of the posture. Method. a search by papers for the last 24 years was done in the PubMed and CAPES databases. The following keywords were used: postural control, sensory information, vestibular system, visual system, somatosensory system, auditory system and haptic system. Results. the influence of each sensory system and its integration were analyzed for the maintenance and control of the posture. Conclusion. the literature showed that there is information redundancy provided by sensory channels. Thus, the central nervous system chooses the main source for the posture control.

Influence of visual feedback sampling on obstacle crossing behavior in people with Parkinson's disease

The purpose of the current study was to investigate the role of visual information on gait control in people with Parkinson's disease as they crossed over obstacles. Twelve healthy individuals, and 12 patients with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease, walked at their preferred speeds along a walkway and stepped over obstacles of varying heights (ankle height or half-knee height), under three visual sampling conditions: dynamic (normal lighting), static (static visual samples, similar to stroboscopic lighting), and voluntary visual sampling. Subjects wore liquid crystal glasses for visual manipulation. In the static visual sampling condition only, the patients with Parkinson's disease made contact with the obstacle more often than did the control subjects. In the successful trials, the patients increased their crossing step width in the static visual sampling condition as compared to the dynamic and voluntary visual sampling conditions; the control group maintained the same step width for all visual sampling conditions. The patients showed lower horizontal mean velocity values during obstacle crossing than did the controls. The patients with Parkinson's disease were more dependent on optic flow information for successful task and postural stability than were the control subjects. Bradykinesia influenced obstacle crossing in the patients with Parkinson's disease. © 2013 Elsevier B.V.

O Uso da informação visual global e local no controle da postura e do timing durante a tarefa de agarrar um objeto em aproximação

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Revista Careta: um estudo sobre humor visual no Estado Novo (1937-1945)

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Comparação entre a inspeção visual, radiografia interproximal e a fluorescência a laser em relação ao diagnóstico de lesões cariosas oclusais e a determinação do plano de tratamento

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Informação visual no controle postural de crianças: efeito das características do estímulo

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Controle postural de idosos: efeito da perturbação visual com o uso do sistema âncora

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Investigação do potencial cortical provocado visual para padrão reverso em pacientes diagnosticados com epilepsia parcial e generalizada

Este trabalho avaliou o potencial cortical provocado visual de crianças com história de epilepsia com o objetivo de identificar marcadores eletrofisiológicos que indicassem alterações corticais em epilepsia. Foram estudados 34 sujeitos com história de epilepsia (18 sujeitos com epilepsia parcial e 16 com epilepsia generalizada). O grupo controle foi composto por 19 sujeitos sem história de crises epilépticas com faixa etária semelhante aos pacientes. Os componentes do potencial cortical provocado visual transiente para apresentação por padrão reverso de tabuleiros de xadrez foram avaliados quanto à amplitude, tempo implícito e razões de amplitude entre os componentes. Foi observado que os pacientes com epilepsia generalizada apresentaram componente N75 com amplitude maior que os demais grupos, enquanto as razões de amplitude N75/P100 e P100/N135foram menores em pacientes com epilepsia parcial que em outros grupos. Houve fraca correlação linear entre os parâmetros do potencial cortical provocado visual e a idade de início das crises epilépticas ou tempo de utilização das medicações antiepilépticas. Conclui-se que o componente N75 e as razões de amplitude N75/P100 e P100/N135 podem ser bons indicadores eletrofisiológicos para alterações funcionais corticais em epilepsia.

Acuidade visual e matriz extracelular no córtex visual primário: alterações associadas à privação monocular precoce e ao enriquecimento ambiental

O objetivo do presente trabalho e analisar a influencia do enriquecimento ambiental sobre a acuidade visual e a distribuição das redes perineuronais (RPNs) no córtex visual primário de camundongos submetidos a privação monocular durante o período critico pos-natal. Camundongos suíços albinos fêmeas foram submetidos a sutura da pálpebra direita no 10o dia pos-natal (M, n=16), enquanto que os animais do grupo binocular não foram submetidos a nenhum procedimento cirúrgico (B, n=16). Ao completarem 21 dias, os animais foram subdivididos em: ambiente padrão e ambiente enriquecido, constituindo os grupos M.AP, M.AE, B.AP e B.AE. Após três meses, os animais foram submetidos ao teste de acuidade visual, perfundidos e secções coronais de seus cérebros processadas para histoquímica da lectina Wisteria floribunda e posterior quantificação através do método estereologico do fracionador óptico. Os animais do grupo B.AP apresentaram acuidade visual de 0.48 ciclos/grau, enquanto que aqueles alojados em ambiente enriquecido (B.AE) apresentaram um melhor desempenho do teste, atingindo 0.996 ciclos/grau. A acuidade visual foi significantemente menor nos animais submetidos a privação monocular (M.AP 0.18 ciclos/grau; M.AE 0.4 ciclos/grau). Os resultados estereologicos revelaram que o ambiente enriquecido aumenta o numero de RPNs tipo 1 e de RPNs total nas camadas supragranular e granular em ambos os hemisférios nos camundongos submetidos a privação monocular (ANOVA dois critérios, p<0.05), sendo que essa diferença na camada granular e decorrente principalmente do aumento das redes perineuronais da matriz extracelular no hemisfério direito. Na camada infragranular, os animais do grupo M.AE apresentaram um aumento apenas no numero de RPNs tipo 1.

Action of rain on the efficiency of herbicides applied post-emergence in the control of Senna obtusifolia

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Sleep deprivation affects sensorimotor coupling in postural control of young adults

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effects of saccadic eye movements on postural control stabilization

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Plaque control improves the painful symptoms of oral lichen planus gingival lesions. A short-term study

BackgroundLichen planus is a mucocutaneous disease with manifestation in the oral mucosa, the gingiva being one of the most affected regions. In some cases, the lesion may be painful and lead to fragility of the tissues, so that precise diagnosis and adequate treatment are indispensible factors for improving the clinical condition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of plaque control in the improvement of clinical features and painful symptoms of oral lichen planus with gingival involvement.MethodsTwenty patients diagnosed with gingival lichen planus confirmed by histopathological examination were selected. The patients were evaluated by a trained examiner, with regard to the clinical features of the lesions [Index of Escudier etal. (Br J Dermatol, 157, 2007, 765)]; painful symptoms (Visual Analog Scale); and periodontally, as regards the visible plaque and gingival bleeding indices. Periodontal treatment consisted of supragingival scaling and oral hygiene instruction, with professional plaque removal afterward for a period of 4weeks. The entire sample was evaluated at the baseline and at the conclusion of treatment, and the results were analyzed by the Wilcoxon nonparametric test.ResultsThe data demonstrated that the majority of patients were women (90%), with a mean age of 55.9years. Periodontal treatment resulted in statistically significant reduction (P<0.05) in the periodontal indices, with consequent improvement in the clinical features and painful symptoms of the lesions.ConclusionsIt was demonstrated that plaque control was effective in improving the clinical features and painful symptoms of oral lichen planus with gingival involvement.

DIGITAL ELEVATION MODEL VALIDATION WITH NO GROUND CONTROL: APPLICATION TO THE TOPODATA DEM IN BRAZIL

Digital Elevation Model (DEM) validation is often carried out by comparing the data with a set of ground control points. However, the quality of a DEM can also be considered in terms of shape realism. Beyond visual analysis, it can be verified that physical and statistical properties of the terrestrial relief are fulfilled. This approach is applied to an extract of Topodata, a DEM obtained by resampling the SRTM DEM over the Brazilian territory with a geostatistical approach. Several statistical indicators are computed, and they show that the quality of Topodata in terms of shape rendering is improved with regards to SRTM.

Explicit and implicit knowledge of environment states induce adaptation in postural control

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of explicit and implicit knowledge about visual surrounding manipulation on postural responses. Twenty participants divided into two groups, implicit and explicit, remained in upright stance inside a moving room. In the fourth trial participants in the explicit group were informed about the movement of the room while participants in the implicit group performed the trial with the room moving at a larger amplitude and higher velocity. Results showed that postural responses to visual manipulation decreased after participants were told that the room was moving as well as after increasing amplitude and velocity of the room, indicating decreased coupling (down-weighting) of the visual influences. Moreover, this decrease was even greater for the implicit group compared to the explicit group. The results demonstrated that conscious knowledge about environmental state changes the coupling to visual information, suggesting a cognitive component related to sensory re-weighting. Re-weighting processes were also triggered without awareness of subjects and were even more pronounced compared to the first case. Adaptive re-weighting was shown when knowledge about environmental state was gathered explicitly and implicitly, but through different adaptive processes. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.