Taxonomy, phylogeny and molecular epidemiology of Echinococcus multilocularis: From fundamental knowledge to health ecology.

Alveolar echinococcosis, caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis, is one of the most severe parasitic diseases in humans and represents one of the 17 neglected diseases prioritised by the World Health Organisation (WHO) in 2012. Considering the major medical and veterinary importance of this parasite, the phylogeny of the genus Echinococcus is of considerable importance; yet, despite numerous efforts with both mitochondrial and nuclear data, it has remained unresolved. The genus is clearly complex, and this is one of the reasons for the incomplete understanding of its taxonomy. Although taxonomic studies have recognised E. multilocularis as a separate entity from the Echinococcus granulosus complex and other members of the genus, it would be premature to draw firm conclusions about the taxonomy of the genus before the phylogeny of the whole genus is fully resolved. The recent sequencing of E. multilocularis and E. granulosus genomes opens new possibilities for performing in-depth phylogenetic analyses. In addition, whole genome data provide the possibility of inferring phylogenies based on a large number of functional genes, i.e. genes that trace the evolutionary history of adaptation in E. multilocularis and other members of the genus. Moreover, genomic data open new avenues for studying the molecular epidemiology of E. multilocularis: genotyping studies with larger panels of genetic markers allow the genetic diversity and spatial dynamics of parasites to be evaluated with greater precision. There is an urgent need for international coordination of genotyping of E. multilocularis isolates from animals and human patients. This could be fundamental for a better understanding of the transmission of alveolar echinococcosis and for designing efficient healthcare strategies.

Reflexiones en torno a nuestro pueblo originario : los Huarpes : su ancestralidad, el presente y la recuperación de su patrimonio cultural

En el marco de los proyectos de investigación llevados adelante desde la cátedra Sociología de la Salud, de la Facultad de Odontología de la UNCuyo, se deriva, entre otras, una problemática que llamó la atención a quienes ven la salud desde una mirada sociológica. El interés reside en la organización comunitaria y la tenencia de la tierra de los pueblos originarios de la región de cuyo, los Huarpes. La zona de referencia se encuentra ubicada en el noreste de la provincia de Mendoza. Se busca un primer acercamiento a este tema, debido a su extensión, para dar a conocer algo que en principio se invisibiliza. Se enfoca la discusión bajo el concepto de “interculturalidad", para tratar de comprender a esta comunidad, que en pocos años logró reencontrarse y organizarse. Su objetivo es la recuperación de la tierra en términos comunitarios y su ancestralidad cultural.

Mental health research and practice in minority communities : development of culturally sensitive training programs /

Item 507-B-5.

Innovations in mental health services to disaster victims /

Mode of access: Internet.

Communicating : how? : a manual for mental health educators.

Mode of access: Internet.

Responsible community care of former mental hospital patients /

Mode of access: Internet.

Community day centers for the mentally retarded in Illinois.

Issued as proceedings of a meeting of Illinois Advisory Committee for Community Mental Health Grants.

Community Services Act report.

Description based on January 1, 2009: Title from cover.

Mental Health and Developmental Disabilities Administrative Act (20 ILCS 1705).

"Includes amendments/additions effective through ..., including selected sections of the Civil Administrative Code."

Policy for placement of adults in licensed community care facilities /

Cover title.

Special study of alternative funding formulas for the distribution of community grants-in-aid : report to the General Assembly pursuant to Public act 86-1013.

"May 1, 1990."

Volunteer service manual for commumity mental health facilities /

Cover title.

California mental health services act, 1971.

Includes in appendix II a copy of the Community Mental Health Services Act, Division 5 of the Welfare and Institutions Code, which "is comprised of two acts : the Lanterman-Petris-Short Act and a revised version of the Short-Doyle Act of 1957."

Cherbourg's Chinatown: creating an identity of place on an Australian Aboriginal settlement

This is the story of an extraordinary Aboriginal woman, Princy Carlo, and the identity of place she and her descendants fashioned within the confines of the Aboriginal settlement of Cherbourg (formerly Barambah), during the early twentieth century. The patch of Cherbourg that came to be known as 'Chinatown' has to date attracted cursory reference in historical commentary on the south-eastern Queensland Aboriginal settlement. Yet, hidden beneath what may appear as an inconsequential historical detail lies a fascinating illustration of the negotiation of place identity within a frame of triangulated group relations (Aboriginal-Chinese-White) in what remained, in essence, a colonial society. Incorporating primary written sources and oral accounts from descendants the study analyses the forging of the Chinatown identity of place through a process of 'spatial othering', eliciting features unique to this indigenous identity-construct. The study provides an insight into Aboriginal connection and kinship with land following forced removal to a government settlement, and contributes to the historical records of the Cherbourg Aboriginal community and the Eidsvold district in Queensland, Australia. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

Limitations to global disease control

In October 2000, Australia was declared poliomyelitis-free” by the World Health Organisation. This declaration followed some extensive six years of surveillance of all cases of acute flaccid paralysis, by the Poliomyelitis Expert Surveillance Committee (Centre for Disease Control, Commonwealth Department of Health and Aged Care, Canberra), chaired by the author. There have been seven attempts in the history of the world to eliminate a disease from the earth’s surface. The dramatic failure of five of these, the success of global smallpox eradication, and current successes and difficulties in the case of attempts to eliminate poliomyelitis worldwide, lead one to an analysis of the factors which led both to success and to failure. The global eradication of a specific disease is one of the most important endeavours which the international community can undertake. This audit reviews the details of such approaches; that such might be used as tools for the future.