Modificaciones corporales experimentadas por pacientes con dolencia renal crónica en hemodiálisis

Se objetivó identificar los cambios en la imagen corporal vividos por los pacientes sometidos a hemodiálisis y su asociación a los datos sociales y clínicos. Estudio transversal, cuya recogida de datos ocurrió entre octubre de 2011 y Febrero de 2012, con una muestra de 178 pacientes, durante la sesión de hemodiálisis en una clínica de referencia en el noreste de Brasil. Los resultados se analizaron con la ayuda de IBM SPSS Statistics versión 19.0, se utilizó la estadística descriptiva, a partir de mediciones de tendencia central y dispersión, además de la estadística de análisis, a través de la prueba de Mann-Whitney, Chi-cuadrado y la prueba exacta de Fisher para verificar la asociación entre los cambios en la imagen corporal y los datos sociales y clínicos. Los resultados indican que los cambios en la imagen corporal que presentaron asociación estadística significativa fueron: cambios en el peso y el sexo, cambios musculoesqueléticos y sexo, tiempo de enfermedad renal crónica y de diálisis, y entre la variable otros y tiempo de enfermedad renal crónica. Se concluye que los pacientes renales crónicos sometidos a hemodiálisis están sujetos a los cambios en su cuerpo, relacionados con su enfermedad y tratamiento, y pueden sufrir la influencia de los datos sociales y clínicos, siendo relevante la promoción de cuidados por parte de las enfermeras que trabajan en las clínicas de hemodiálisis, que también deben tener en cuenta las variables sociales y clínicas, con el fin de obtener un cuidado orientado a las necesidades de esta clientela.

Impedancias basales registradas durante la denervación renal por radiofrecuencia en pacientes con hipertensión arterial resistente

Objetivo: Determinar diferencias en las impedancias basales registradas durante los procedimientos de denervación renal por radiofrecuencia de los pacientes sometidos a este procedimiento en la Fundación Cardioinfantil de Bogotá durante los años 2012 a 2015. Materiales y métodos: Estudio observacional, analítico de corte retrospectivo, donde se analizaron todas las impedancias basales medidas durante los procedimientos de denervación renal, buscando diferencias significativas entre los segmentos de las arterias intervenidas, estratificados en proximal, medio distal y superior, lateral, inferior u ostial. Con seguimiento a los pacientes a tres, seis y doce meses en cuanto a presión arterial de consultorio. Resultados: Se evaluaron 150 puntos de denervación renal exitosos, correspondientes a 23 arterias renales de 11 procedimientos. La mediana de edad fue 56 años. Al realizar un modelo de regresión lineal no se encontró ninguna diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre las impedancias de ninguno de los segmentos de las arterias ni sitios anatómicos. Se documentó disminución de presión arterial sistólica a tres meses, seis meses y doce meses de 14 mmHg (RIQ 10-33mmHg), 21 mmHg (RIQ 12-42mmHg) y 19 mmHg (RIQ 11-42 mmHg) respectivamente

COORDENAÇÃO E PARTICIPAÇÃO EM AGLOMERAÇÕES URBANAS SUPRA-MUNICIPAIS: IMPRESSÕES SOBRE DESAFIOS INSTITUCIONAIS E PARTICIPATIVOS EM EXPERIÊNCIAS RECENTES (BRASIL E FRANÇA)

Tendência relativamente recente na gestão urbana, a abertura de canais institucionais para acolher demandas de atores de diferentes segmentos da sociedade civil organizada tem sido apresentada como uma alternativa à forma tradicional de formulação e implementação de políticas públicas baseada na preponderância quase absoluta de órgãos estatais.Em grandes aglomerações urbanas que envolvam várias municipalidades além de outros níveis de governo, isso se reflete no estabelecimento de instâncias de gestão metropolitana integrada que incorporem as especificidades locais, a partir de formatos institucionais que buscam incentivar, por diferentes meios, a cooperação entre os diversos poderes locais envolvidos.Um dilema verificado refere-se à opção por uma estratégia que privilegie uma coordenação mais eficaz através de instâncias centrais no âmbito metropolitano, ou outra que procure promover uma gestão menos hierarquizada e calcada na discussão, onde os atores institucionais estejam sujeitos a condições semelhantes e que seja aberta à participação de representantes da sociedade civil organizada.O artigo visa discutir, a partir da comparação entre experiências recentes nos contextos brasileiro e francês, as possibilidades de se conjugar elementos de coordenação/integração e participação em ações metropolitanas, enfocando os desafios político-institucionais a serem superados, assim como aqueles referentes à participação de atores não institucionais no processo.

Melhoria da Atenção à Saúde dos Usuários com Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica e/ou Diabetes Mellitus, na UBS Central, Tupandi/RS

A Hipertensão Arterial Sistema (HAS) e a Diabetes Mellitus (DM) são doenças propriamente, mas são também fatores de risco para as doenças cardiovasculares, AVC, insuficiência renal entre outras. Ambas as doenças são um grave problema de saúde pública no Brasil e no mundo todo. Associa-se, frequentemente, às alterações funcionais e/ou estruturais dos órgãos-alvo (coração, encéfalo, rins e vasos sanguíneos) e às alterações metabólicas, com aumento do risco de eventos cardiovasculares fatais e não fatais. Na grande maioria das vezes estão constantemente associadas, e possuem vários aspectos em comum: como origem, fatores de risco, tratamento não-medicamentoso, algumas complicações e geralmente ausência de sintomas. Portanto devem ser alvo da atenção da sociedade, principalmente quando juntas geram complicações e elevam o índice de mortalidade. A realização do acompanhamento e o tratamento adequado reduz o risco de complicações de ambas, seja a curto e /ou longo prazo. Tendo em vista os grandes riscos que implica para a população apresentar estas doenças, e mais ainda ter as mesmas sem ser diagnosticadas, com o consequente dano para a saúde e repercussão nos órgãos alvos, foi desenvolvido um trabalho de intervenção que teve por objetivo melhorar à Atenção à Saúde dos usuários hipertensos e diabéticos, na UBS Central, Tupandi/RS. A intervenção ocorreu durante quatro meses, com o desenvolvimento de ações nos quatro eixos temáticos: organização e gestão do serviço, qualificação da prática clínica, engajamento público e monitoramento e avaliação. Para o monitoramento da intervenção foi utilizado à ficha-espelho e a planilha de coleta de dados disponibilizada pelo curso. Dos 894 hipertensos e 255 diabéticos com 20 anos ou mais residentes na área de abrangência do serviço de saúde, foram acompanhados no período da intervenção 194 hipertensos (21,7 %) e 48 diabéticos (18,8%), não sendo alcançada a cobertura proposta do programa para estes usuários. Anteriormente a intervenção a cobertura de usuários acompanhados mostravam valores muito baixos sendo um 10% (26) para usuários com DM e 12% (103) para usuários com HAS. No entanto, a intervenção propiciou a melhoraria da qualidade da atenção prestada aos hipertensos e diabéticos, a partir da realização da capacitação da equipe, cadastramento dos usuários, monitoramento e registro dos atendimentos, atividades educativas, atendimento clínico, busca ativa dos usuários faltosos as consultas. Sendo assim, com o desenvolvimento destas ações podemos promover a saúde desta população alvo, diminuir o risco de complicações, gastos com medicação, internação hospitalar e mortalidade.

Hypothalamic Inflammation And The Central Nervous System Control Of Energy Homeostasis.

The control of energy homeostasis relies on robust neuronal circuits that regulate food intake and energy expenditure. Although the physiology of these circuits is well understood, the molecular and cellular response of this program to chronic diseases is still largely unclear. Hypothalamic inflammation has emerged as a major driver of energy homeostasis dysfunction in both obesity and anorexia. Importantly, this inflammation disrupts the action of metabolic signals promoting anabolism or supporting catabolism. In this review, we address the evidence that favors hypothalamic inflammation as a factor that resets energy homeostasis in pathological states.

Nebivolol Reduces Central Blood Pressure In Stage I Hypertensive Patients: Experimental Single Cohort Study.

Assessment of central blood pressure (BP) has grown substantially over recent years because evidence has shown that central BP is more relevant to cardiovascular outcomes than peripheral BP. Thus, different classes of antihypertensive drugs have different effects on central BP despite similar reductions in brachial BP. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nebivolol, a β-blocker with vasodilator properties, on the biochemical and hemodynamic parameters of hypertensive patients. Experimental single cohort study conducted in the outpatient clinic of a university hospital. Twenty-six patients were recruited. All of them underwent biochemical and hemodynamic evaluation (BP, heart rate (HR), central BP and augmentation index) before and after 3 months of using nebivolol. 88.5% of the patients were male; their mean age was 49.7 ± 9.3 years and most of them were overweight (29.6 ± 3.1 kg/m2) with large abdominal waist (102.1 ± 7.2 cm). There were significant decreases in peripheral systolic BP (P = 0.0020), diastolic BP (P = 0.0049), HR (P < 0.0001) and central BP (129.9 ± 12.3 versus 122.3 ± 10.3 mmHg; P = 0.0083) after treatment, in comparison with the baseline values. There was no statistical difference in the augmentation index or in the biochemical parameters, from before to after the treatment. Nebivolol use seems to be associated with significant reduction of central BP in stage I hypertensive patients, in addition to reductions in brachial systolic and diastolic BP.

Urinary Tract Infection In Renal Transplant Recipients: Incidence, Risk Factors, And Impact On Graft Function.

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the most common infection posttransplant. However, the risk factors for and the impact of UTIs remain controversial. The aim of this study was to identify the incidence of posttransplant UTIs in a series of renal transplant recipients from deceased donors. Secondary objectives were to identify: (1) the most frequent infectious agents; (2) risk factors related to donor; (3) risk factors related to recipients; and (4) impact of UTI on graft function. This was a retrospective analysis of medical records from renal transplant patients from January to December 2010. Local ethics committee approved the protocol. The incidence of UTI in this series was 34.2%. Risk factors for UTI were older age, (independent of gender), biopsy-proven acute rejection episodes, and kidneys from deceased donors (United Network for Organ Sharing criteria). For female patients, the number of pretransplant pregnancies was an additional risk factor. Recurrent UTI was observed in 44% of patients from the UTI group. The most common infectious agents were Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae, for both isolated and recurrent UTI. No difference in renal graft function or immunosuppressive therapy was observed between groups after the 1-year follow-up. In this series, older age, previous pregnancy, kidneys from expanded criteria donors, and biopsy-proven acute rejection episodes were risk factors for posttransplant UTI. Recurrence of UTI was observed in 44%, with no negative impact on graft function or survival.

Central Auditory Processing Outcome After Stroke In Children.

To investigate central auditory processing in children with unilateral stroke and to verify whether the hemisphere affected by the lesion influenced auditory competence. 23 children (13 male) between 7 and 16 years old were evaluated through speech-in-noise tests (auditory closure); dichotic digit test and staggered spondaic word test (selective attention); pitch pattern and duration pattern sequence tests (temporal processing) and their results were compared with control children. Auditory competence was established according to the performance in auditory analysis ability. Was verified similar performance between groups in auditory closure ability and pronounced deficits in selective attention and temporal processing abilities. Most children with stroke showed an impaired auditory ability in a moderate degree. Children with stroke showed deficits in auditory processing and the degree of impairment was not related to the hemisphere affected by the lesion.

Guidelines On The Treatment Of Anemia Of Chronic Renal Failure Using Recombinant Human Erythropoietin: Associação Brasileira De Hematologia, Hemoterapia E Terapia Celular Guidelines Project: Associação Médica Brasileira - 2014.

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[renal Tumors: The International Society Of Urologic Pathology (isup) 2012 Consensus Conference Recommendations].

During the last 30 years many advances have been made in kidney tumor pathology. In 1981, 9 entities were recognized in the WHO Classification. In the latest classification of 2004, 50 different types have been recognized. Additional tumor entities have been described since and a wide variety of prognostic parameters have been investigated with variable success; however, much attention has centered upon the importance of features relating to both stage and grade. The International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) recommends after consensus conferences the development of reporting guidelines, which have been adopted worldwide ISUP undertook to review all aspects of the pathology of adult renal malignancy through an international consensus conference to be held in 2012. As in the past, participation in this consensus conference was restricted to acknowledged experts in the field.

Human Herpesvirus Infections Of The Central Nervous System: Laboratory Diagnosis Based On Dna Detection By Nested Pcr In Plasma And Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples.

Infections of the central nervous systems (CNS) present a diagnostic problem for which an accurate laboratory diagnosis is essential. Invasive practices, such as cerebral biopsy, have been replaced by obtaining a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnosis using cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) as a reference method. Tests on DNA extracted from plasma are noninvasive, thus avoiding all of the collateral effects and patient risks associated with CSF collection. This study aimed to determine whether plasma can replace CSF in nested PCR analysis for the detection of CNS human herpesvirus (HHV) diseases by analysing the proportion of patients whose CSF nested PCR results were positive for CNS HHV who also had the same organism identified by plasma nested PCR. In this study, CSF DNA was used as the gold standard, and nested PCR was performed on both types of samples. Fifty-two patients with symptoms of nervous system infection were submitted to CSF and blood collection. For the eight HHV, one positive DNA result-in plasma and/or CSF nested PCR-was considered an active HHV infection, whereas the occurrence of two or more HHVs in the same sample was considered a coinfection. HHV infections were positively detected in 27/52 (51.9%) of the CSF and in 32/52 (61.5%) of the plasma, difference not significant, thus nested PCR can be performed on plasma instead of CSF. In conclusion, this findings suggest that plasma as a useful material for the diagnosis of cases where there is any difficulty to perform a CSF puncture.

Triatominae Survey (hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) In The South-central Region Of The State Of Bahia, Brazil Between 2008 And 2013.

Triatomine surveillance in rural areas, artificial ecotypes, and natural ecotopes of the cities of Caturama, Ibipitanga, Macaúbas, and Seabra in the south-central region of the Brazilian state of Bahia was carried out between 2008 and 2013. Natural infection by Trypanosoma cruzi was evaluated in the specimens collected to monitor vectors of Chagas disease. A total of 1,357 specimens were collected, and four species were identified: Triatoma sordida (83%), Triatoma lenti (16.4%), Triatoma pseudomaculata (0.5%), and Panstrongylus geniculatus (0.1%). Triatoma sordida was found in four cities, only 0.7% in intradomiciliary environments. Triatoma lenti was found only in Macaúbas; 8.5% were found in intradomiciliary environments, 88.3% in peridomiciliary environments, and 3.1% in sylvatic environments. Natural infection by T. cruzi was 0.5% for T. sordida and 3.1% T. lenti. All of these cases were found in peridomiciliary environments of Macaúbas. As the results show, triatomines were found in intradomiciliary environments in three cities that were surveyed in the south-central region of the state of Bahia. Thus, an epidemiologic survey should be performed to avoid the risk of transmission to the population.

Antitumor Activity Of Irradiated Riboflavin On Human Renal Carcinoma Cell Line 786-o.

Riboflavin (vitamin B2) is a precursor for coenzymes involved in energy production, biosynthesis, detoxification, and electron scavenging. Previously, we demonstrated that irradiated riboflavin (IR) has potential antitumoral effects against human leukemia cells (HL60), human prostate cancer cells (PC3), and mouse melanoma cells (B16F10) through a common mechanism that leads to apoptosis. Hence, we here investigated the effect of IR on 786-O cells, a known model cell line for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CCRCC), which is characterized by high-risk metastasis and chemotherapy resistance. IR also induced cell death in 786-O cells by apoptosis, which was not prevented by antioxidant agents. IR treatment was characterized by downregulation of Fas ligand (TNF superfamily, member 6)/Fas (TNF receptor superfamily member 6) (FasL/Fas) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 1a (TNFR1)/TNFRSF1A-associated via death domain (TRADD)/TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF) signaling pathways (the extrinsic apoptosis pathway), while the intrinsic apoptotic pathway was upregulated, as observed by an elevated Bcl-2 associated x protein/B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (Bax/Bcl-2) ratio, reduced cellular inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (c-IAP1) expression, and increased expression of apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF). The observed cell death was caspase-dependent as proven by caspase 3 activation and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP) cleavage. IR-induced cell death was also associated with downregulation of v-src sarcoma (Schmidt-Ruppin A-2) viral oncogene homologue (avian)/protein serine/threonine kinase B/extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (Src/AKT/ERK1/2) pathway and activation of p38 MAP kinase (p38) and Jun-amino-terminal kinase (JNK). Interestingly, IR treatment leads to inhibition of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) activity and reduced expression of renal cancer aggressiveness markers caveolin-1, low molecular weight phosphotyrosine protein phosphatase (LMWPTP), and kinase insert domain receptor (a type III receptor tyrosine kinase) (VEGFR-2). Together, these results show the potential of IR for treating cancer.

Behaviour of oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells in an experimental model of toxic demyelination of the central nervous system

Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells are engaged in myelin production, maintenance and repairing respectively in the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Whereas oligodendrocytes act only within the CNS, Schwann cells are able to invade the CNS in order to make new myelin sheaths around demyelinated axons. Both cells have some limitations in their activities, i.e. oligodendrocytes are post-mitotic cells and Schwann cells only get into the CNS in the absence of astrocytes. Ethidium bromide (EB) is a gliotoxic chemical that when injected locally within the CNS, induce demyelination. In the EB model of demyelination, glial cells are destroyed early after intoxication and Schwann cells are free to approach the naked central axons. In normal Wistar rats, regeneration of lost myelin sheaths can be achieved as early as thirteen days after intoxication; in Wistar rats immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide the process is delayed and in rats administered cyclosporine it may be accelerated. Aiming the enlightening of those complex processes, all events concerning the myelinating cells in an experimental model are herein presented and discussed.

Orbital apex syndrome due to aspergillosis: case report

We report the case of a 73-year-old female who presented facial numbness and pain in the first division of the trigeminal nerve, ptosis, diplopia and visual loss on the right side for the previous four months. The neurological, radiological and histological examination demonstrated a rare case of invasive fungal aspergillosis of the central nervous system, causing orbital apex syndrome, later transformed in temporal brain abscess. She died ten months later due to respiratory and renal failure in spite of specific antimycotic therapy.