t Noorder gedeelte van Virginie

Julkaisussa: De wijd-beroemde voyagien na Oost en West-Indien. Vol I

De rol van het Internationaal Strafhof in het voorkomen van internationale misdrijven door middel van tijdige interventie

De la Doctrina de Intervención Humanitaria y ex post facto Instituciones Judiciales a la noción de responsabilidad de proteger y el papel preventivo de la Corte Penal Internacional. Lección inaugural como Presidente en Derecho Penal Internacional y Procedimiento Penal Internacional en la Universidad de Utrecht, emitido el 18 de octubre 2010

Cultura y comunicación en el aula de ELE : tres unidades didácticas.

Se presentan una serie de unidades didácticas diseñadas por alumnos del master de Estudios Superiores de Lengua Española, de la Universidad de Granada, en las que se aplican los principios teóricos referentes a tres enfoques: el comunicativo, el intercultural y el de la autonomía del aprendiz. Estos principios han dado lugar a unas directrices, 'Elementos de Planteamiento de una unidad didáctica intercultural', que forman la base de las tres unidades didácticas. El recurso en si, constituye un valioso instrumento para todos los profesores de ELE que, con su labor diaria en el aula, contribuyen a la difusión de la lengua y la cultura españolas.

Whole-brain functional connectivity during emotional word classification in medication-free Major Depressive Disorder: abnormal salience circuitry and relations to positive emotionality

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) has been associated with biased processing and abnormal regulation of negative and positive information, which may result from compromised coordinated activity of prefrontal and subcortical brain regions involved in evaluating emotional information. We tested whether patients with MDD show distributed changes in functional connectivity with a set of independently derived brain networks that have shown high correspondence with different task demands, including stimulus salience and emotional processing. We further explored if connectivity during emotional word processing related to the tendency to engage in positive or negative emotional states. In this study, 25 medication-free MDD patients without current or past comorbidity and matched controls (n=25) performed an emotional word-evaluation task during functional MRI. Using a dual regression approach, individual spatial connectivity maps representing each subject’s connectivity with each standard network were used to evaluate between-group differences and effects of positive and negative emotionality (extraversion and neuroticism, respectively, as measured with the NEO-FFI). Results showed decreased functional connectivity of the medial prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and ventral striatum with the fronto-opercular salience network in MDD patients compared to controls. In patients, abnormal connectivity was related to extraversion, but not neuroticism. These results confirm the hypothesis of a relative (para)limbic-cortical decoupling that may explain dysregulated affect in MDD. As connectivity of these regions with the salience network was related to extraversion, but not to general depression severity or negative emotionality, dysfunction of this network may be responsible for the failure to sustain engagement in rewarding behavior.

A randomised controlled trial of positive memory training for the treatment of depression within schizophrenia

Abstract Background: Depression is highly prevalent within individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, and is associated with an increased risk of suicide. There are no current evidence based treatments for low mood within this group. The specific targeting of co-morbid conditions within complex mental health problems lends itself to the development of short-term structured interventions which are relatively easy to disseminate within health services. A brief cognitive intervention based on a competitive memory theory of depression, is being evaluated in terms of its effectiveness in reducing depression within this group. Methods/Design: This is a single blind, intention-to-treat, multi-site, randomized controlled trial comparing Positive Memory Training plus Treatment as Usual with Treatment as Usual alone. Participants will be recruited from two NHS Trusts in Southern England. In order to be eligible, participants must have a DSM-V diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizo-affective disorder and exhibit at least a mild level of depression. Following baseline assessment eligible participants will be randomly allocated to either the Positive Memory Training plus Treatment as Usual group or the Treatment as Usual group. Outcome will be assessed at the end of treatment (3-months) and at 6-month and 9-month post randomization by assessors blind to group allocation. The primary outcome will be levels of depression and secondary outcomes will be severity of psychotic symptoms and cost-effectiveness. Semi-structured interviews will be conducted with all participants who are allocated to the treatment group so as to explore the acceptability of the intervention. Discussion: Cognitive behaviour therapy is recommended for individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia. However, the number of sessions and length of training required to deliver this intervention has caused a limit in availability. The current trial will evaluate a short-term structured protocol which targets a co-morbid condition often considered of primary importance by service users. If successful the intervention will be an important addition to current initiatives aimed at increasing access to psychological therapies for people diagnosed with severe mental health problems. Trial registration: Current Controlled Trials. ISRCTN99485756. Registered 13 March 2014.

Factor Xa activation of factor V is of paramount importance in initiating the coagulation system: lessons from a tick salivary protein

BACKGROUND: Generation of active procoagulant cofactor factor Va (FVa) and its subsequent association with the enzyme activated factor X (FXa) to form the prothrombinase complex is a pivotal initial event in blood coagulation and has been the subject of investigative effort, speculation, and controversy. The current paradigm assumes that FV activation is initiated by limited proteolysis by traces of (meizo) thrombin. METHODS AND RESULTS: Recombinant tick salivary protein TIX-5 was produced and anticoagulant properties were studied with the use of plasma, whole blood, and purified systems. Here, we report that TIX-5 specifically inhibits FXa-mediated FV activation involving the B domain of FV and show that FXa activation of FV is pivotal for plasma and blood clotting. Accordingly, tick feeding is impaired on TIX-5 immune rabbits, displaying the in vivo importance of TIX-5. CONCLUSIONS: Our data elucidate a unique molecular mechanism by which ticks inhibit the host's coagulation system. From our data, we propose a revised blood coagulation scheme in which direct FXa-mediated FV activation occurs in the initiation phase during which thrombin-mediated FV activation is restrained by fibrinogen and inhibitors.

Bestimmung der Hamaker-Konstanten von polymeren Nanopartikeln in organischen Lösungsmitteln und wässrigen Elektrolytlösungen mittels asymmetrischer Fluss-Feld-Fluss-Fraktionierung

Die zwischen allen Objekten vorhandenen Wechselwirkungen können repulsiver und attraktiver Natur sein. Bei den attraktiven Kräften kommt der Bestimmung von Dispersionskräften eine besondere Bedeutung zu, da sie in allen kolloidalen Systemen vorhanden sind und entscheidenden Einfluss auf die Eigenschaften und Prozesse dieser Systeme nehmen. Eine der Möglichkeiten, Theorie und Experiment zu verbinden, ist die Beschreibung der London-Van der Waals-Wechselwirkung durch die Hamaker-Konstante, welche durch Berechnungen der Wechselwirkungsenergie zwischen Objekten erhalten werden kann. Für die Beschreibung von Oberflächenphänomenen wie Adhäsion, die in Termen der totalen potentiellen Energie zwischen Partikeln und Substrat beschrieben werden, benötigt man exakt bestimmte Hamaker-Konstanten. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wurde die asymmetrische Fluss Feld-Fluss Fraktionierung in Kombination mit einem auf dem Newton-Algorithmus basierenden Iterationsverfahren zur Bestimmung der effektiven Hamaker-Konstanten verschiedener Nanopartikeln sowie Polystyrollatex-Partikel in Toluol bzw. Wasser verwendet. Der Einfluss verschiedener Systemparameter und Partikeleigenschaften wurde im Rahmen der klassischen DLVO-Theorie untersucht.

Koproduktion von Wissen in der Entwicklung des Biolandbaus - Einflüsse von Marginalisierung, Anerkennung und Markt

The empirical analysis of the historical development of transdisciplinary co-production of knowledge (CPK) in organic agriculture (OA) in Switzerland has revealed three distinct phases. The initial phase shows various characteristics of transdisciplinary CPK and a high importance of experiential knowledge. The 2nd and 3rd phases involve an in-creasing segregation of farmers’, extension agents’, and scientists’ knowledge, caused by internal and external impacts, i.e. foundation of independent research institutions, changes in agriculture policy, and new market strategies. These developments strikingly represent an ambiguous trend: the growing societal and political recognition of OA and the increasing market, which are positive achievements, are associated by a gradual loss of very precious forms of CPK. A successful re-establishment of CPK processes and re-integration of experiential knowledge would help to resolve this dilemma and thus improve future research in OA and sustainability research in general.

Die Inszenierung der Bilder Ephemere Architekturen bei Thomas Demand

In den Arbeiten des Künstlers Thomas Demand sind das Ephemere und das Architektonische eng verzahnt: er baut aufwendige Außen- und Innenräume aus Papier, die ihren temporären Charakter durch materialbedingte Fragilität beweisen, vor allem aber durch die Entscheidung, sie nach der finalen photographischen Aufnahme zu zerstören. Das Ephemere reicht aber auch in die Inszenierung der Bilder bei Ausstellungen hinein. Was als Paragone zwischen der Museumsarchitektur eines Jean Nouvel, Peter Zumthor, Mies van der Rohe und der auszustellenden Kunst beginnt, entwickelt sich zum monumentalen Gesamtkunstwerk, bei dem sich zwischen vorhandener Architektur, Ausstellungsarchitektur und Bildern durch Zitat und mimetischen Eingriff vielfältige Dialoge, aber auch Spannungen ergeben.