Cold War Politics in Britain and the Contested Legacy of the Spanish Civil War

This article offers a sustained examination of how the vicissitudes of the Cold War shaped changing interpretations of the Spanish Civil War in Britain. Considering the perspectives of participants and historians, it focuses on the diverse strands of the Left that frequently drew on the civil war to attack each other and to make wider arguments about the global Cold War. First, with the aim of criticizing Communist take-overs in Eastern Europe in the late 1940s, the article analyzes retrospective assaults on Communist party tactics and Soviet foreign policy in Spain. Second, in order to argue that the Soviet Union took a counter-revolutionary line after 1956, it investigates the re-emergence of debates over the Spanish revolution. Third, to express disapproval of the United States, it examines the increasing use of the civil war as an analogy in Cold War international affairs from the 1960s. Fourth, in support of non-Soviet Left-of-Centre collaboration, most notably Eurocommunism in the 1970s and opposition to Margaret Thatcher’s Conservative government in the 1980s, it considers the renewed emphasis on the popular front. The trajectories of these debates reveal that, over time, the weight of the Left’s criticism moved from the Soviet Union towards the United States.

A Brief History of Affordable Housing Cooperatives in the United States

For over 75 years housing cooperatives have been a source of affordable housing. Currently, the 376,000 dwelling units of affordable cooperatives is equivalent to seventeen percent of the rent reduction units owned by publichousing authorities. Understanding that affordable cooperatives have been developed under varying historical circumstances provides insights on how they could play a role in the future supply of affordable housing. The history of affordable co-ops starts during the 1920s and after World War II with the ethnic, union, and New York government financed co-ops. Through the 1960s and the early 1970s cooperatives were financed by various federal direct assistance programs. Since the late 1970s co-ops have been sponsored by nonprofit organizations and by federal and municipal government privatization programs. A workable institutional structure for affordable cooperatives has developed as a result of this historical evolution.

Russia's Clandestine War against the United States: The Resurrection of the KGB and Russian Organized Crime Post 9/11

As American leadership has narrowly focused on fighting global terror in Iraq and Afghanistan, the modern version of the KGB, now known as the FSB, has been conducting continuous clandestine warfare operations against the United States. These warfare operations include strategic economic and political partnerships with anti-American entities worldwide and direct embedding of double agents in the US intelligence community. This paper investigates the role of Russia's cultural history leading to the merger of the Russian Federal Security Service (FSB) and Russian Organized Crime (ROC). This paper concludes that the FSB is the most pervasive security threat to the United States and that employing Russian native and heritage speakers of Russian in the US intelligence community compromises US national security.

A comparison of prices during the civil war and present war

Price section. Division of planning and statistics. War industries board. November,1918.

General index to the published volumes of the Diplomatic correspondence and Foreign relations of the United States. 1861-1899.

Published in accordance with the Sundry civil act of June 6, 1900.

The history of the Chaplain Corps, United States Navy

Vol. 4-5 compiled by the Chaplains Division of the Bureau of Naval Personnel, Navy Dept.; v. 7 by the staff and students of the Naval Chaplains School, Naval Officer Training Center; v. 8-<9 > edited by H. Lawrence Martin.

Ceremonies and re-enactment of the one hundredth anniversary of the first inauguration of Abraham Lincoln, 1861-1961, on the east front of the Capitol of the United States, March 4, 1961.

Half title: The one hundredth anniversary of the first inauguration of Abraham Lincoln, 1861-1961; reenactment ceremonies.

History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 to the McKinley-Bryan campaign of 1896,

Vol. 1: New ed. in nine volumes, 1928.

The Civil War and the Constitution, 1859-1865 /

Includes index.

Pictorial national records : embracing descriptions of European and Asiatic nations: a statistical view of the United States of America, and a history of the great rebellion /

Mode of access: Internet.

Wanderings in South America, the North-West of the United States, and the Antilles, in the years 1812, 1816, 1820 and 1824 : with original instructions for the perfect preservation of birds, &c. for Cabinets of Natural History /

Sabin,

Wanderings in South America, the North-West of the United States, and the Antilles, in the years 1812, 1816, 1820, & 1824 : with original instructions for the perfect preservation of birds, &c. for Cabinets of Natural History /

Sabin,

Register of officers and agents, civil, military, and naval, in the service of the United States, on the ... : showing the state or territory from which each person was appointed to office, the state or country in which he was born, and the compensation, pay, and emoluments allowed to each; together with the names and compensation of all printers in any way employed by Congress, or any department or officer of the government.

Description based on: 1863.

"Black Hawks", three decades of service to the nation : a brief history of the 86th United States Army Reserve Command.

Mode of access: Internet.