The Dublin Lock Hospital: Medicine, Morality, Disease and Sin

Anecdotal evidence has it that when Dublin’s venereal disease hospital closed its doors for the last time in the 1950s, its administrative staff began to burn its records, starting with the most recent. This attempt to conceal the results of sexual profligacy is perhaps understandable in the rarefied climate of mid-century Catholic Ireland. However, the sense of shame attached to this institution has been pervasive. For example, of all Dublin’s major hospitals, the lock hospital remains the only one without a dedicated history. And, throughout its two centuries of existence, the ‘lock’ had often been a site of controversy and approbation.

The institution began in the eighteenth century as the most peripatetic, poor relation of the city’s voluntary hospitals, wandering indiscriminately through a series of temporary premises before finally achieving a permanent home and official recognition as a military-sponsored medical hospital in 1792. It also gained architectural extensions by both Richard and Francis Johnston and in the following decades. This new-found status and a growing re-conceptualisation of venereal disease as a legitimate medical problem rather than a matter of morality was, however, somewhat compromised by the choice of site at Townsend Street. The institution occupied a hidden part of city, appropriating the vacated home of the Hospital for Incurables, another marginalised group whose presence in the city had been viewed through the lens of superstition and fear. For the rest of its existence, the lock hospital would share this experience occupying a nebulous position between medicine and morality; disease and sin.

Using what’s left of the hospital’s records and a series of original architectural drawings, this paper discusses the presence and role of the lock hospital in the city in the eighteenth and early nineteenth century, tracking how changes in its administration and architectural form reflected wider attitudes towards disease, sexuality and gender in Georgian Dublin.

Competitividad internacional urbana. Casos: Madrid, Dublín y Copenhague

La asignatura de Competitividad Internacional Urbana (ciu) del programa de Gestión y Desarrollo Urbanos (gdu) de la Universidad del Rosario ha sido desde 2009, cuando asumí su dirección y orientación, un reto permanente de aprendizajes tan estimulantes y variados cuantas ciudades y atributos hay por descubrir en el inmenso mundo de lo urbano-rural-regional. Si bien la competitividad es un asunto urbano-regional antes que nacional, la mayor parte de los enfoques y de las consiguientes referencias bibliográficas abordan la competitividad a nivel nacional siendo relativamente escasas las publicaciones sobre la competitividad urbana. Así, los documentos abordan una descripción general de las ciudades, las causas de las crisis y las consecuencias para la ciudad y su estructura económica, analizadas a partir de los impactos sobre el mercado laboral, los precios de la vivienda, el desarrollo del turismo, entre otros, y las diversas estrategias que adoptaron para afrontar la crisis y convertirla en una oportunidad de desarrollo.

Effects of short chain fatty acids on effector mechanisms of neutrophils

Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are metabolic by products of anerobic bacteria fermentation. These fatty acids, despite being an important fuel for colonocytes, are also modulators of leukocyte function. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) on function of neutrophils, and the possible mechanisms involved. Neutrophils obtained from rats by intraperitoneal lavage 4 h after injection of oyster glycogen solution (1%) were treated with non toxic concentrations of the fatty acids. After that, the following measurements were performed: phagocytosis and destruction of Candida albicans, production of ROS (O(2)(center dot-), H(2)O(2), and HOCl) and degranulation. Gene expression (p47(phox) and p22(phox)) and protein phosphorylation (p47(phox)) were analyzed by real time reverse transcriptase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. Butyrate inhibited phagocytosis and killing of C. albicans. This SCFA also had an inhibitory effect on production of O(2)(center dot-), H(2)O(2), and HOCI by neutrophils stimulated with PMA or fMLP. This effect of butyrate was not caused by modulation of expression of NADPH oxidase subunits (p47(phox) and p22(phox)) but it was in part due to reduced levels of p47(phox) phosphorylation and an increase in the concentration of cyclic AMP. Acetate increased the production of O(2)(center dot-) and H(2)O(2), in the absence of stimuli but had no effect on phagocytosis and killing of C. albicans. Propionate had no effect on the parameters studied. These results suggest that butyrate can modulate neutrophil function, and thus could be important in inflammatory neutrophil-associated diseases. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The Dublin University magazine.

Title from caption.

Considerations suggested by the establishment of a second college in Connecticut.

Supposed to have been written by R. S. Baldwin, according to Dexter, Biog. Sketches of grads. of Yale, v.6, p. 371, and Steiner, Hist. of educ. in Conn., p. 242. Attributed to C. A. Goodrich by Cushing, Anonyms, p. 145. cf. Trinity College, Bibliog. of official pubs., 1824-1905, p. 31.

Catalogue of books, in the library of Washington College.

Mode of access: Internet.