Queens and Workers of the Primitively Eusocial Wasp Ropalidia marginata do not Differ in Their Dufour's Gland Morphology

Ropalidia marginata is a primitively eusocial paper wasp found in peninsular India, where recent work suggests the role of the Dufour's gland hydrocarbons in queen signaling. It appears that the queen signals her presence to workers by rubbing the tip of her abdomen on the nest surface, thereby presumably applying her Dufour's gland secretion to the nest. Since the queen alone produces pheromone from the Dufour's gland and also applies it on the nest surface, the activity level of queen gland should be higher than that of worker gland, as the gland contents would have to get replenished periodically for queens but not for workers. The difference in activity level can be manifested in difference in Dufour's gland morphology, larger glands implying higher activity levels and smaller glands implying lower activity levels, as positive correlation between gland size and gland activity has been reported in exocrine glands of various taxa (including Hymenopteran insects). Hence we investigated whether there is any size difference between Dufour's glands of queens and workers in R. marginata. We found that there was no difference between queens and workers in their Dufour's gland size, implying that Dufour's gland activity and Dufour's gland size are likely to be uncorrelated in this species.

Differential cellular recognition pattern to M. tuberculosis targets defined by IFN-gamma and IL-17 production in blood from TB plus patients from Honduras as compared to health care workers: TB and immune responses in patients from Honduras

Background: A better understanding of the quality of cellular immune responses directed against molecularly defined targets will guide the development of TB diagnostics and identification of molecularly defined, clinically relevant M.tb vaccine candidates. Methods: Recombinant proteins (n = 8) and peptide pools (n = 14) from M. tuberculosis (M.tb) targets were used to compare cellular immune responses defined by IFN-gamma and IL-17 production using a Whole Blood Assay (WBA) in a cohort of 148 individuals, i.e. patients with TB + (n = 38), TB- individuals with other pulmonary diseases (n = 81) and individuals exposed to TB without evidence of clinical TB (health care workers, n = 29). Results: M.tb antigens Rv2958c (glycosyltransferase), Rv2962c (mycolyltransferase), Rv1886c (Ag85B), Rv3804c (Ag85A), and the PPE family member Rv3347c were frequently recognized, defined by IFN-gamma production, in blood from healthy individuals exposed to M.tb (health care workers). A different recognition pattern was found for IL-17 production in blood from M.tb exposed individuals responding to TB10.4 (Rv0288), Ag85B (Rv1886c) and the PPE family members Rv0978c and Rv1917c. Conclusions: The pattern of immune target recognition is different in regard to IFN-gamma and IL-17 production to defined molecular M.tb targets in PBMCs from individuals frequently exposed to M.tb. The data represent the first mapping of cellular immune responses against M.tb targets in TB patients from Honduras.

Activity-travel behaviour of non-workers from Bangalore City in India

This paper presents exploratory and statistical analyses of the activity-travel behaviour of non-workers in Bangalore city in India. The study summarises the socio-demographic characteristics as well as the activity-travel behaviour of non-workers using a primary activity-travel survey data collected by the authors. Where possible, the research also compares the analysis findings with the case studies on activity-travel behaviour of non-workers, carried out in developed and developing countries. This gives an opportunity to understand the differences/similarities in the activity-travel behaviour of non-workers across diverse socio-cultural settings. The preliminary exploratory analysis shed light on the differences in activity participation, trip chaining, time-of-day preference for trip departure, and mode use behaviour of non-workers in Bangalore city. Statistical models were developed for investigating the effects of individual and household socio-demographics, land use parameters, and travel context attributes on activity participation, trip chaining, time-of-day choice, and mode choice decisions of non-workers. A few important results of the analysis are the influence of viewing television at home on out-of-home activity participation and trip-chaining behaviour, and the impact of in-home maintenance activity duration on time-of-day choice. Further, based on the findings of the initial analyses, an attempt has been made in this study to develop an integrated model that links time allocation, time-of-day choice, and trip chaining behaviour of non-workers. The study also discusses the implications of the research findings for transportation planning and policy for Bangalore city. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Wage differentials between permanent and temporary workers: Firm and occupational segregation

Published as an article in: Moneda y Crédito (2004), 219, pp.: 43-68.

"A colaboração lhe bate à porta...": visitadoras sociais e a política de normalização de corpos e mentes de operários e operárias, de uma indústria têxtil no Rio de Janeiro (1944-1953)

A questão central desta Tese diz respeito à emergência de uma singular modalidade de assistência social no campo das políticas públicas e sociais no pós 1930, direcionada aos trabalhadores assalariados da área urbana e suas famílias. A produção discursiva sobre as condições de vida e de trabalho do operariado, no bojo das novas teorias científicas e enunciados médicos-sanitários reivindicava uma organização geral da sociedade. Afirmava-se a urgência de uma intervenção política estatal de cunho preventivo e coercitivo no modo de vida desses indivíduos em sociedade. O que se colocava até então como um caso de polícia ou de caridade passa a ser nomeado como questão social legitimando novas formas de exercício de poder e a conformação do Estado em suas novas atribuições de promotor da justiça social. Nesta pesquisa de doutoramento investiguei o exercício dessas estratégias de poder nas intervenções realizadas pelas visitadoras sociais no cotidiano de um grupo de operários e operárias da Cia (têxtil) Nova América na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, objetivando pela investigação minuciosa dessas práticas relativamente microscópicas iluminar uma rede muito maior de ardis e disputas de poder. As ações de ordenação do dia a dia desse operariado implicava a fiscalização do emprego dos serviços sociais disponibilizados pelo Estado e empresa, o monitoramento do uso do tempo e dos espaços, e finalmente a doutrinação em valores e práticas instituídas em nome da preservação e otimização da vida. Tais intervenções aconteciam em diferentes espaços: no interior da Fábrica, na vila operária Cidade Jardim Nova América e nas dependências da Associação Atlética Nova América e ficaram registradas em textos e imagens no boletim mensal da Fábrica. Esses periódicos constituem o principal corpus documental formado por sessenta e seis periódicos que abrangem o período entre novembro de 1944 e dezembro de 1953: Boletim Nova América - Órgão da Associação Atlética Nova América. Acionei como instrumento teórico-metodológico as reflexões do pensador francês Michel Foucault sobre biopolítica, ou a estatização da vida nos liames do biopoder enquanto gestão da vida em sua plenitude ocupando-se de não apenas garantir o corpo dócil e útil pelas técnicas disciplinares, mas, principalmente, assegurar no investimento sobre o corpo e mente desses indivíduos o saber normalizador para melhor manejá-los. Nesse sentido, no campo das políticas sociais, tanto estatais quanto empresariais, utilizei a noção de poder pastoral, atualizada por Foucault, para identificar o modo como em nome e pelo bem dos assistidos se constituiu um eficiente dispositivo de poder operando em intervenções e controle da vida das pessoas: as visitadoras sociais.

Workers at Sprint Mill 1953

Five men working in the reinforcement of the Sprint Mill weir in Cumbria, UK. This photo is part of a photo album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.

Workers drilling on Hindburn Force in 1954

Two workers drilling on Hindburn Force, North West England, UK, making it more accesible for passing fish. This photo is part of a Photo Album that includes pictures from 1935 to 1954.