Do Terrestrial Tank Bromeliads in Brazil Create Safe Sites for Palm Establishment or Act as Natural Traps for Its Dispersed Seeds ?

This study shows for the first time that terrestrial tank bromeliads from Brazilian restinga can act as natural traps for dispersed palm Euterpe edulis seeds. Such bromeliads, which are shade intolerant, gain benefits by limiting palm recruitment since they hinder canopy formation and, consequently, increase luminosity over its aggregates.

Comparative phylogeography of Trypanosoma cruzi TCIIc: New hosts, association with terrestrial ecotopes, and spatial clustering

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Hunting and use of terrestrial fauna used by Caicaras from the Atlantic Forest coast (Brazil)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Influence of terrestrial habitat isolation on the diversity and temporal distribution of anurans in an agricultural landscape

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Reproductive biology of an endemic Physalaemus of the Brazilian Atlantic forest, and the trade-of between clutch and egg size in terrestrial breeders of the P. signifer group

Physalaemus crombiei is a small foam-nesting frog endemic to the Atlantic forest. It is a member of the P. signifer group known only from its type locality in Santa Teresa, State of Espírito Santo, and from another locality in the State of Bahia, Brazil. Most Physalaemus species are aquatic breeders, and species in the P. signifer group are the only ones exhibiting a tendency toward terrestrial reproduction in the genus. Here we describe the reproductive period, breeding site and reproductive modes of P. crombiei from a third population in the Atlantic forest, southeastern Brazil. We also investigated reproductive effort and size-fecundity relationships in females. Reproductive traits were compared to other species in the genus Physalaemus, especially those included in the P. signifer group. Physalaemus crombiei is a prolonged breeder, reproducing throughout the year with a peak of activity during the most rainy months (October-March). Males called from the humid forest foor and eggs embedded in foam nests were deposited in the water as well as on the humid foor amidst the leaf litter, or inside fallen leaves or tree holes containing rainwater on the forest foor. As expected, P. crombiei exhibited three alternative reproductive modes, as described for other species of the P. signifer group. The number of eggs produced per female varied from 91 to 250. Female body size is positively correlated both with ovary mass and clutch size (number of eggs per clutch). Variation in the number and size of eggs observed in Physalaemus species may be explained not only by female size, but also by the terrestrial reproductive mode exhibited by the species in the P. signifer group.

Do men and women use similar adaptive locomotion to clear static and dynamic obstacles?

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to analyze the influence of gender on the adaptive locomotion in the clearance of obstacles. Specifically, it was evaluated if there are differences in the space-temporal parameters between male and female in the clearance of and dynamic obstacles moving at both slow and fast speeds. Basic procedures. Five young male adults and five young female adults took part in this study. The task was performed in three conditions: static obstacle and dynamic obstacle - clearance perpendicular to the participant's trajectory at slow speed (1.07 m/s) and at fast speed (1.71 m/s). The trials were recorded by two digital cameras and spatial-temporal information was obtained. Main findings. The dynamic obstacle conditions required more visual inspection. The results showed different adaptive locomotion between the sexes. The distinct gait patterns were evidenced for the spatial and temporal variables and cadence in the three conditions. Conclusions. The women presented a more conservative behavior, which was evidenced by the increase of the length in the penultimate step and in the toe clearance.

Artificial satellites: Resonance effects produced by terrestrial tide

Effects due to resonances in the orbital motion of artificial satellites disturbed by the terrestrial tide are analyzed. The nodal co-rotation resonance, apsidal co-rotation resonance and the Lidov-Kozai's mechanism are studied. The effects of the resonances are analyzed through the variations of the metric orbital elements. Libration and circulation motions for high orbits with high eccentricities are verified for the Lidov-Kozai's mechanism.

New records and distribution extensions of three species of Mesoclemmys Gray, 1863 (Testudines: Chelidae) in Mato Grosso state, Brazil, with observations on terrestrial movements

Distribution patterns of most of the 20 Neotropical freshwater turtles belonging to the family Chelidae are usually based on few locality records. We here report on vouchered records of three species of the chelid genus Mesoclemmys in the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso. Presence of M. vanderhaegei is confirmed for the Amazon River Basin, and M. gibba and M. raniceps are recorded in Mato Grosso for the first time. © 2012 Check List and Authors.

No changes in seedling recruitment when terrestrial mammals are excluded in a partially defaunated Atlantic rainforest

One of the most intriguing questions in ecology is how to identify which and how many species will be able to inhabit human-modified landscapes. Large-bodied mammals structure plant communities by trampling, herbivory, seed dispersal and predation, and their local extinction may have pervasive consequences in plant communities due to the breakdown of key interactions. Although much attention has been given to understanding the effects of defaunation on plant communities, information on the potential impacts on plant functional groups (seed dispersal, seed size and seedling leaves defense) inhabiting continuous forests after defaunation is scarce. We conducted mammal surveys (line transects and camera trapping) to determine the defaunation status of a continuous Atlantic forest in Brazil. Then, we evaluated the effects of defaunation on seedling diversity, richness and abundance of functional groups using 15 plot-pairs (each pair with one open and one exclusion plot) monitored over 36. months. We found that the studied area is partially defaunated because it exhibits high abundance of primates, while terrestrial mammals, such as large rodents and ungulates, are rare. We found no significant changes in either seedling richness and diversity or in the seedling composition of plant functional groups in response to mammal exclosure. Seedling mortality and recruitment were similar between plot types. Our findings suggest that at semi-defaunated areas, where arboreal species are still present, terrestrial mammals have low impacts on the plant community reassembly. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Indirect georeferencing of terrestrial laser scanning data using control lines

An indirect method for the georeferencing of 3D point clouds obtained with terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data using control lines is presented. This technique could be used for rapid data acquisition where resources do not permit the use of expensive navigation sensors or the placement of pre-signalised targets. The most important characteristic is the development of a mathematical model based on the principle that the direction vector of the TLS straight line is coplanar with the plane defined by the origin of the TLS system, one endpoint of a control line and the direction vector of the control line in the ground reference coordinate system. The transformation parameters are estimated by minimising the distance between the control lines and their corresponding TLS straight lines. The proposed method was tested using both simulated and real data, and the advantages of this new approach are compared with conventional surveying methods. © 2013 This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

Padrões na estruturação de comunidades de mamíferos terrestres na América do Sul

Na análise das causas que levam ao aparecimento de padrões das estruturas em comunidades de mamíferos terrestres da América do Sul, sempre foi um desafio conseguir um perfil exato dos processos evolutivos observáveis em larga escala. Neste trabalho procura-se analisar os padrões de distribuição da mastofauna terrestre na América do Sul, procurando correlacionar as diferentes faunas com diferentes gráficos utilizando um refinamento do método de cenogramas. Levaram-se em conta variáveis ecológicas que teriam influenciado a distribuição das espécies e o tamanho que apresentam (alimentação, locomoção e porte). Verificou-se também a possibilidade de aplicação do método para a análise da fauna de mamíferos terrestres extintos na América do Sul. Os resultados apontam para a consistência do uso de tal metodologia nos conjuntos atuais e uma boa possibilidade de sua aplicação em comunidades extintas. Para tanto, considerações devem ser feitas acerca de lacunas de conhecimento sobre os padrões de distribuição das mastofaunas atuais, como as relações ecológicas e evolutivas entre os mamíferos e o continente sul-americano.

Ecomorfologia de três espécies de Dipsas Laurenti, 1768 e Sibynomorphus Fitzinger, 1843 (Dipsadidae: Dipsadinae)

Fatores ecológicos como a utilização do ambiente e a alimentação, podem influenciar na morfologia corporal e cefálica de um organismo, porém, esta também pode ser o reflexo da linhagem filogenética a que ele pertence. A subfamília Dipsadinae inclui serpentes sul-americanas formadas por dois clados, um incluindo Geophis e Atractus e outro incluindo Dipsas, Ninia, Sibon e Sibynomorphus, que formam a tribo Dipsadini. As serpentes desta tribo apresentam um alto grau de modificações na morfologia corporal e cefálica relacionadas ao ambiente e a alimentação malacófaga. As espécies de Dipsas e Sibon possuem especializações relacionadas à utilização do ambiente arborícola, conferindo um melhor desempenho na locomoção pela vegetação, enquanto que as espécies de Sibynomorphus, em sua grande maioria, são adaptadas ao ambiente terrestre. Quanto à alimentação todas elas apresentam, em diferentes graus, uma série de modificações cranianas relacionadas à manipulação e ingestão de gastrópodes, lesmas e caramujos. Considerando que existe uma relação direta entre a forma da cabeça e a dieta, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar as divergências da morfologia cefálica relacionadas à dieta entre espécies de Dipsas e Sibynomorphus, assim como analisar possíveis convergências entre espécies destes gêneros e Tomodon dorsatus, espécie da tribo Tachymenini, reconhecidamente especialista em lesmas. Para isto este trabalho está estruturado em duas partes: a primeira refere-se à Introdução geral, onde é apresentada uma ampla abordagem sobre as adaptações morfológicas relacionadas à alimentação dos Dipsadini, assim como as vantagens da utilização da técnica de morfometria geométrica em estudos morfológicos; e a segunda parte refere-se ao trabalho propriamente dito, intitulado “Ecomorfologia de três espécies de Dipsas Laurenti, 1768 e Sibynomorphus Fitzinger, 1843 (Dipsadidae: Dipsadinae)”.

Morphological aspects of the testes of 18 species of terrestrial of Heteroptera from Northwestern Sao Paulo (Brazil)

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

TERRESTRIAL PLANET FORMATION IN A PROTOPLANETARY DISK WITH A LOCAL MASS DEPLETION: A SUCCESSFUL SCENARIO FOR THE FORMATION OF MARS

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Taxonomic assessment and enzymes production by yeasts isolated from marine and terrestrial Antarctic samples

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)