Assessment of fungi in soils of sugarcane crops and their potential for production of biomass-degrading enzymes

Soil management practices are konwn to affect the biomass and enzyme activities of microbial soil communities. To assess whether burning of sugarcane prior to harvesting affects the community of soilborne fungi, we collected soil simples in two sites: burned sugarcane culture prior harvesting (BS) and non-burned sugarcane culture (NBS). A total of 75 filamentous fungal isolates were recovered from soils in both sites. Trichoderma was the most prevalent genus in both sites, followed by Fusarium, Cunninghamella and Aspergillus. The Sorensen's index (0.60) suggested a slight difference in fungi associated with both areas, with high number of fungal isolates found on BB soil. The abundance of Trichoderma isolates in NBS soil was higher than BS soil; however, the abundance of Fusarium, Aspergillus and Cunninghamella was higher in the latter type of soil. In addition, fungi isolated from BS soil showed the highest production of xylanase and laccase in comparision with fungi isolated form NBS soil. Our results indicate that the different types of sugarcane harvesting apparently did not interfere with the diversity of fungal communnities as revealed by culture-dependent methods. In addition, our data indicates the potencial of fungi from soils of sugarcane crops to produce relevant enzymes related to biomass conversion.

Avaliação de fitases microbianas em dietas de frangos de corte

Pós-graduação em Zootecnia - FCAV

Seasonal effects and antifungal activity from bark chemical constituents of Sterculia apetala (Malvaceae) at Pantanal of Miranda, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação do potencial de degradação do herbicida diuron por fungos isolados de solo de canavial e suas tolerâncias aos metabólitos gerados

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Produção de celulases fúngicas por fermentação em estado sólido: ampliação de escala de biorreatores de leito fixo

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Biocontrole de nematoides com fungos

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Entomologia Agrícola) - FCAV

Escovopsis trichodermoides sp nov., isolated from a nest of the lower attine ant Mycocepurus goeldii

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Avaliação da biodegradação de tolueno por fungos isolados de ambientes associados ao petróleo

Spills can ocurr during oil productive chain and contaminate various environments due to the toxicity of monoaromatics hidrocarbons. Toluene stands out for being agressive to the nervous sistem and teratogenic, with high mobility and solubility in water, which facilitates environmental impact. Studies show that fungi are potential aromatic compounds assimilators, encouraging new researches about its use on the recovery of contaminated sites. This study aimed to select and characterize fungus with potential for biorremediation of toluene. 50 fungi were selected of the Collection of Microorganisms of Interest for Oil Gas and Biofuels, of UNESP Rio Claro, all of which were isolated from sites contaminated with monoaromatic hydrocarbons. Two trials were realized to select the microorganism with greater potential. The first test evaluated fungal growth under toluene saturated atmosphere. 24 fungi were chosen because its greater biomass production to participate in the next trial, the degradation in plates test, where the blue redox agente, DCPIP, indicates the degradation reaction, turning colorless. From this teste was possible to select one isolate which showed higher growth and stronger medium discoloration as the microorganism with the greatest potential to assimilate toluene. The Trichoderma cf. koningii had its potential evaluated through gas cromatography. The experiment proved the efficiency of the methodology, with positives results from the method validation and the effectiveness demonstrated of the LA-PHA-PACK bottles to prevent the volatilization of toluene during the 21 days of experiment. Being reliable its use for monitoring toluene decay associating it with degradation. This results are important because there aren't many methodologies and vials efficient to the purpose of this work. In the present study the degradation rates demonstrated no significant decay of the concentration of hydrocarbon. That may be related to the...

Doenças do pimentão em regiões produtoras do Equador: identificação e manejo da pata seca e ocorrência de viroses

Pós-graduação em Agronomia (Proteção de Plantas) - FCA

Taxonomia e potencial antimicrobiano de fungos depositados no acervo de pesquisa da Central de Recursos Microbianos da UNESP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Germination, vigor and pathogen incidence in broccoli seeds treated with Carboxin + Thiram

The purpose of treating seeds chemically is to eradicate their pathogens and/or protect them against soil pathogens, mainly by germination time. However, there is little research on vegetables investigating the effect of this treatment on seed quality. Therefore, this study evaluates the effects of Carboxin + Thiram doses on germination and vigor of three lots of broccoli seeds, as well as on the incidence of fungi in treated seed. The 15 treatments were evaluated in a factorial system (3x5), with the first factor consisting of three lots of 'Avenger' broccoli seeds (lots 82744, 82745 and 82749), and the second factor consisting of five doses (0, 0.04, 0.06, 0.10 and 0.12% of a.i.) of Carboxin + Thiram fungicide (commercial name Vitavax-Thiran). The germination and seed vigor were evaluated, in addition to the presence of pathogens in seeds after treatment (blotter test). All lots showed high levels of germination and vigor. The lot 82749, however, showed higher value in plug test in substrate emergence (99%) than lot 82745 (95%). Regarding the treatment with Carboxin + Thiram, no changes in germination average (98%) and vigor were noticed (average for the first germination count, length, and dry weight of seedling, plug test at 10 days after sowing of 97%, 4.9 cm, 4.0 mg and 96%, respectively), showing that this fungicide, in the evaluated doses, does not affect the quality of broccoli seeds. As to seeds health, the pathogens Alternaria spp. and Fusarium spp. were detected, in addition to saprophytic species such as Penicillium, Aspergillus, Trichoderma, and Rhizopus. The higher incidence of Fusarium spp. was noticed in lot 82744, and the lowest in lot 82749. As to Penicillium spp., lot 82479 was the most contaminated. Regarding other fungi, the general incidence was very low and there was no difference between lots and doses used.

Efeito de fungos contaminantes na produtividade de dois isolados de Agaricus blazei em duas formulações de composto

The effect of the contaminant fungi Trichoderma sp. and Chaetomium olivacearum on the cultivation of the ABL 99/30 and ABL 04/49 isolates of A. blazei in two compost formulations made up with tyfton (Cynodom dactylon) and oat (Avena sativa) was evaluated. The experimental design was a totally randomized 2 x 2 x 3 factorial design with 6 repetitions. The experimental unit consisted of 12-12.5 kg of wet compost. During the spawning, 150 g of Trichoderma sp. and C. olivacearum were added to the compost. The experiment was carried out in a climatized room, with humidity between 75-90% and temperature of 28º C. The productivity averages of the ABL 99/30 isolate of A. blazei were higher than those of ABL 04/49 and Trichoderma sp. and C. olivacearum negatively influenced the production of A. blazei. The different composts (based on tyfton and oat straw) did not influence the production of basidiomata.

Avaliação de resíduos orgânicos para o manejo de Fusariose em diferentes patossistemas

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Efeito dos compostos fenólicos e lignina sobre a ação de β-glicosidase

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Efeito prebiótico de xilo-oligossacarídeos produzidos a partir da hemicelulose de bagaço de cana-de-açúcar utilizando extração alcalina e hidrólise de xilanases fúngicas

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)