Energy metabolism, enzymatic flux capacities, and metabolic flux rates in flying honeybees.

Honeybees rely primarily on the oxidation of hexose sugars to provide the energy required for flight. Measurement of VCO2 (equal to VO2, because VCO2/VO2 = 1.0 during carbohydrate oxidation) during flight allowed estimation of steady-state flux rates through pathways of flight muscle energy metabolism. Comparison of Vmax values for flight muscle hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, citrate synthase, and cytochrome c oxidase with rates of carbon and O2 flux during flight reveal that these enzymes operate closer to Vmax in the flight muscles of flying honeybees than in other muscles previously studied. Possible mechanistic and evolutionary implications of these findings are discussed.

Female Psychopaths: Are We Flying Under the Radar?

The study of psychopathy is still in early stages with regard to gender differences. Historically, the majority of research has been conducted on male populations, resulting in a gender-biased construct that does not appear to be generalizable to female populations. This paper provides a review of the existing literature on psychopathy, as well as research on inherent gender differences (biology, chemistry, socialization, etc.). Connections between these bodies of research are supposed and suggestions for future study are provided.

Mesquakie (Fox) material culture : the William Jones and Frederick Starr collections / James W. VanStone.

n.s. no.30(1998)