Sobre el poema en prosa en Costa Rica

Se describe y analiza el cultivo y desarrollo del poema en prosa en las letras costarricenses, considerando que no ha sido objeto de suficiente atención por parte de la crítica. Una vez expuestos los aspectos históricos, conceptuales y teóricos, y la procedencia europea de esta modalidad discursiva, se exploran sus manifestaciones desde sus orígenes, a finales del siglo XIX, y el desarrollo posterior hasta sus manifestaciones en la literatura contemporánea.The development and evolution of prose poetry in Costa Rica is described and analyzed in view of the fact that critics have not given it the attention it deserves. A discussion of historical, conceptual and theoretical aspects, together with the European origins of this genre, provides the basis to explore its appearance around the end of the 19th century, and its later development up to the present time.

Análise dos efeitos da legislação urbanística na formação e crescimento do Bairro de Lagoa Nova: planos diretores de 1974, 1984 e 1994

To Analyze the Managing Plans of Natal in the decades of 1970, 1980 and 1990, identifying elements that had contributed for the growth of the Lagoa Nova quarter, capital one of the Rio Grande do Norte state. Ahead of the sped up growth of the urban centers, many times is not given to analyze which law had taken care of to its objective, and which the imperfections that had appeared during the application of these laws. To make the comparisons in you square them chosen at there distantinct times made possible to analyze the form as the ground of Lagoa Nova absorbed the proposals laws.Therefore toanalyze influences it of the Managing Plans, to make comparatives analyses between the urbanistics condicion, made possible to understand that the fabric urban of the quarter of Lagoa Nova is a true granary of information that it makes possible to the dedicated ones to the urban studies, a true field of analysis

Mitigating effects of Jambul against lead induced toxicity in epididymis and vas deferens of mice

Background: Precious fruits like jambul are neglected and wasted while environmental pollutants like lead intake remain overlooked. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the Jambul pulp extract on lead detrimental effects in pseudostratified epithelium and the stereocilia of mice epididymis and vas deferens. Materials and Methods: Thirty young males mice (Mus musculus) were distributed randomly in 3 groups (n= 10) called control, Pb (Lead) and Pb-J (Lead-Jambul). The Pb and Pb-J were provided 50ppm Pb in drinking water ad libitum for 15 days and Pb free water for the next 5 days. The Pb-J group received 0.2ml jambul pulp extract on 12 hourly bases. Control group was not given any treatment. Organs (epididymis and vas deference) were recovered on 21st day after euthanasia. The organs were finally processed for histological and micrometric studies. Results: Marked histologic and micrometric changes in both organs were noted in Pb group. These include significant (P ≤ 0.05) decrease in cross sectional area of caput and cauda epididymis folding tubing along with evident alterations of their endothelial thickness. Prominent signs of apoptosis (vacuolations) in the corpus pseudostratified endothelium and the destruction of stereocilia of the epididymis and vas deferens in Pb compared to control group were observed. Evident signs of recovery, in both organs, such as proliferation and rearrangements in pseudostratified endothelium and the stereocilia along with convincing recovery in micrometric parameters were observed in Pb-J group. Conclusion: The results indicate that epididymis and vas deferens are highly sensitive to Pb exposure while Jambul pulp extract has shown rich mitigating potentials against such histopathologies.

Effects of inconsistencies in eyewitness testimony on mock-juror decisionmaking

In attempting to impeach eyewitnesses, attorney's often highlight inconsistencies in the eyewitness's recall. This study examined the differential impact of types of inconsistent testimony on mock-juror decisions. Each of 100 community members and 200 undergraduates viewed one of four versions of a videotaped trial in which the primary evidence against the defendant was the testimony of the eyewitness. I manipulated the types of inconsistent statements given by the eyewitness in the four versions: (1) consistent testimony, (2) information given on-the-stand but not given during the pre-trial investigation, (3) contradictions between on-the-stand and pre-trial statements, and (4) contradictions made on the witness stand. Subjects exposed to any form of inconsistent testimony were less likely to convict and found the defendant less culpable and the eyewitness less effective. These effects were larger for contradictions than for information given on the stand but not during pre-trial investigations.

Implicit Eyewitness Memory

After a crime has occurred, one of the most pressing objectives for investigators is to identify and interview any eyewitness that can provide information about the crime. Depending on his or her training, the investigative interviewer will use (to varying degrees) mostly yes/no questions, some cued and multiple-choice questions, with few open-ended questions. When the witness cannot generate any more details about the crime, one assumes the eyewitness’ memory for the critical event has been exhausted. However, given what we know about memory, is this a safe assumption? In line with the extant literature on human cognition, if one assumes (a) an eyewitness has more available memories of the crime than he or she has accessible and (b) only explicit probes have been used to elicit information, then one can argue this eyewitness may still be able to provide additional information via implicit memory tests. In accordance with these notions, the present study had two goals: demonstrate that (1) eyewitnesses can reveal memory implicitly for a detail-rich event and (2) particularly for brief crimes, eyewitnesses can reveal memory for event details implicitly that were inaccessible when probed for explicitly. Undergraduates (N = 227) participated in a psychological experiment in exchange for research credit. Participants were presented with one of three stimulus videos (brief crime vs. long crime vs. irrelevant video). Then, participants either completed a series of implicit memory tasks or worked on a puzzle for 5 minutes. Lastly, participants were interviewed explicitly about the previous video via free recall and recognition tasks. Findings indicated that participants who viewed the brief crime provided significantly more crime-related details implicitly than those who viewed the long crime. The data also showed participants who viewed the long crime provided marginally more accurate details during free recall than participants who viewed the brief crime. Furthermore, participants who completed the implicit memory tasks provided significantly less accurate information during the explicit interview than participants who were not given implicit memory tasks. This study was the first to investigate implicit memory for eyewitnesses of a crime. To determine its applied value, additional empirical work is required.

Still entrenched in the conflict/cooperation dichotomy? EU–Russia relations and the Ukraine crisis

The article highlights that the traditional conflict/cooperation dichotomy which characterised the dynamic of European Union (EU)–Russia relation during the post-Cold War period has remained stable throughout the Ukraine crisis. It identifies a pattern of continuity rather than change in the main characteristics of the traditional conflict/cooperation dichotomy: the post-Cold War order on the European continent, values and worldviews, perceptions of self and other, and policies towards each other and post-Soviet space. Secondly, in tune with neoclassical realism the article aims to account for the relative persistence of the conflict/cooperation dichotomy. It argues that the dynamic of EU–Russia relations remained rather stable due to the fact that neither the EU nor Russian foreign policy has undergone major transformations (of both power, scope and organisation) that would provide incentive or constrains for a complete overhaul of the conflict/cooperation dichotomy. Moreover, the article claims that the relative stability of world politics since the start of the Ukraine crisis has not given any the EU and Russia incentives – or constrained them – to seek to change the overall dynamic of their relationship.

Estructuración de los procesos y la función de recursos humanos alineados con el direccionamiento estratégico en Kathmandu restaurante

El direccionamiento estratégico está destinado para que las organizaciones cumplan con sus metas y tengan perdurabilidad en el tiempo; es una forma metodológica en la cual se establecen La formulación y el planteamiento estratégicos, se identifican las brechas entre el sueño de la empresa y su realidad, para desplegar la plata forma estratégica. Kathmandu es un restaurante conocido por su diversidad cultural gastronómica, ubicado en Usaquén al Norte de Bogotá. Su serviespacio reúne los sabores, aromas, decoración y elixires del oriente, su música incluye una fusión de sonidos que permite materializar la experiencia que quiere brindar para satisfacer las expectativas de sus comensales y brindarles una experiencia diferente. Los fines de semana presentan shows de danza de vientre, para acompañar la comida y el rato que dispongan disfrutar en este lugar. Este restaurante tiene un diferenciador en su servicio, que le ofrece una ventaja competitiva, Kathmandu brinda la posibilidad de que además del deleite de sus platos, los clientes puedan adquirir toda la decoración de este lugar, estas son artesanías originales traídas de Nepal, India, Tailandia, Indonesia y sus alrededores. Otro atrayente de este restaurante son los cocteles alusivos a las regiones del oriente, y la narguile que ofrece a sus clientes. Al pasar de los años, ciertos inconvenientes presentados en el negocio, con los clientes, el personal y las utilidades, han hecho que los gerentes se preocupen por encontrar la raíz del problema y buscar la solución óptima para perdurar en el tiempo con los mejores beneficios posibles, pues las estrategias que estaban implementando no van acorde a su misión y visión, por lo que es necesario realizar una restructuración de ciertos procesos enfocados al direccionamiento estratégico. Se realizó un análisis en una reunión junto a las directivas sobre cada área de la organización donde se evidenciaron problemas que deben ser tratados para hacer de Kathmandu una empresa más eficiente, eficaz y productiva. Y prepararla para afrontar los cambios que el tiempo le presente, en cuanto a preferencias de los clientes, competencia, entre otras, bien sean a corto, mediano o largo plazo. Algunos de los principales problemas encontrados son: el servicio al cliente, la selección adecuada de personal y capacitación de este, la falta de manejo de un conducto jerárquico y repartición de funciones entre los colaboradores, el informe adecuado sobre la inconformidad de los clientes con su solución, el manual de funciones, el manejo de inventarios y su rotación, verificación de calidad de los productos, manejo de proveedores, entre otros. Kathmandu, a pesar de tener problemas evidentes, es una empresa que por los servicios y productos que ofrece sigue generando buenas utilidades, por esto los gerentes no le habían prestado la debida atención a estos inconvenientes que están poniendo en juego la perdurabilidad de la empresa y que afecta la optimización de las utilidades y minimización de costes sin afectar la calidad brindada al cliente. El objetivo de este restaurante es que el área de recursos humanos sea restructurada en cada uno de los procesos para articularla al direccionamiento estratégico de Kathmandu; pues en esta área se generan la mayoría de los problemas presentados anteriormente. El presente proyecto pretende diseñar el direccionamiento estratégico del área recursos humanos del restaurante Kathmandu para superar la problemática identificada y garantizar la efectividad de sus procesos y adicionalmente evidenciar la creencia de éxito sostenido que se manejaba en este lugar. Este proyecto se realizara con una metodología mixta, para tener aspectos de la investigación cuantitativa y cualitativa y poder realizar una investigación más completa que lleve a una óptima solución del problema abarcado. Se utilizara el direccionamiento estratégico como herramienta para replantear el área de recursos humanos de la organización y alcanzar la efectividad en sus procesos.

Effetto dell' ormone tiroideo (T3) durante ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) sul polmone di ratto: valutazione dell'azione protettiva nel danno da ischemia riperfusione.

La perfusione polmonare extracorporea (EVLP) è una tecnica utilizzata dal 2010 per valutare e migliorare la qualità dell'organo da trapiantare e il danno da ischemia-ripefusione (IRI). Tale perfusione utilizza la soluzione di Steen, la cui composizione è solo parzialmente nota. Lo scopo è quello di identificare gli effetti di T3 su IRI polmonare ex vivo, in un modello di ratto di donatore a cuore non battente. Animali (40) randomizzati in otto gruppi e il protocollo EVLP sono stati standardizzati nel nostro centro. Sono state valutate la funzione polmonare, PEEP, la resistenza vascolare polmonare totale a 45, 60, 120 e 180 minuti di EVLP per eseguire analisi di gas, dosaggio del mediatore di infiammazione, mitocondriale libero DNA, freeT3 e freeT4. Alla fine dei campioni di tessuto polmonare sono stati congelati dal dosaggio ATP, espressione genica, DNA mitocondriale, T3. Non date le concentrazioni del produttore, abbiamo analizzato gli acidi grassi liberi, vitamine, ormoni e composizione della soluzione Steen. Risultati La soluzione di steen contiene albumina umana x2 nel siero umano (7,5-8 g/dl): le concentrazioni di ft4 e ft3 sono x2 quelle nel siero umano e vengono rilasciati dall'albumina. La concentrazione di ft4 e ft3 non è cambiata durante l'EVLP. La Steen ha alta fluorescenza per l'alta concentrazione delle molecole aromatiche (ormoni) mai descritto in precedenza. NADH e mtDNA nel perfused aumenta con danno ischemico e nel gruppo trattato con T3 Conclusione Il modello EVLP è già convalidato nella perfusione nel trapianto polmonare, ma è necessario approfondire l'effetto della Steen in termini di ormoni e analiti. L'effetto sull'IRI dell'EVLP sembra essere influenzato negativamente da un T3 troppo alto in Steen, cosa che descriviamo per la prima volta. L'ulteriore aggiunta di T3 provoca disfunzione mitocondriale e infiammazione.

Model for facilities or vendors location in a global scale considering several echelons in the Chain

The facilities location problem for companies with global operations is very complex and not well explored in the literature. This work proposes a MILP model that solves the problem through minimization of the total logistic cost. Main contributions of the model are the pioneer carrying cost calculation, the treatment given to the take-or-pay costs and to the international tax benefits such as drawback and added value taxes in Brazil. The model was successfully applied to a real case of a chemical industry with industrial plants and sales all over the world. The model application recommended a totally new sourcing model for the company.

A landscape-scale test of the predictive ability of a spatially explicit model for population viability analysis

1. Although population viability analysis (PVA) is widely employed, forecasts from PVA models are rarely tested. This study in a fragmented forest in southern Australia contrasted field data on patch occupancy and abundance for the arboreal marsupial greater glider Petauroides volans with predictions from a generic spatially explicit PVA model. This work represents one of the first landscape-scale tests of its type. 2. Initially we contrasted field data from a set of eucalypt forest patches totalling 437 ha with a naive null model in which forecasts of patch occupancy were made, assuming no fragmentation effects and based simply on remnant area and measured densities derived from nearby unfragmented forest. The naive null model predicted an average total of approximately 170 greater gliders, considerably greater than the true count (n = 81). 3. Congruence was examined between field data and predictions from PVA under several metapopulation modelling scenarios. The metapopulation models performed better than the naive null model. Logistic regression showed highly significant positive relationships between predicted and actual patch occupancy for the four scenarios (P = 0.001-0.006). When the model-derived probability of patch occupancy was high (0.50-0.75, 0.75-1.00), there was greater congruence between actual patch occupancy and the predicted probability of occupancy. 4. For many patches, probability distribution functions indicated that model predictions for animal abundance in a given patch were not outside those expected by chance. However, for some patches the model either substantially over-predicted or under-predicted actual abundance. Some important processes, such as inter-patch dispersal, that influence the distribution and abundance of the greater glider may not have been adequately modelled. 5. Additional landscape-scale tests of PVA models, on a wider range of species, are required to assess further predictions made using these tools. This will help determine those taxa for which predictions are and are not accurate and give insights for improving models for applied conservation management.

Identifying rate-limiting nodes in large-scale cortical networks for visuospatial processing: an illustration using fMRI

With the advent of functional neuroimaging techniques, in particular functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we have gained greater insight into the neural correlates of visuospatial function. However, it may not always be easy to identify the cerebral regions most specifically associated with performance on a given task. One approach is to examine the quantitative relationships between regional activation and behavioral performance measures. In the present study, we investigated the functional neuroanatomy of two different visuospatial processing tasks, judgement of line orientation and mental rotation. Twenty-four normal participants were scanned with fMRI using blocked periodic designs for experimental task presentation. Accuracy and reaction time (RT) to each trial of both activation and baseline conditions in each experiment was recorded. Both experiments activated dorsal and ventral visual cortical areas as well as dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. More regionally specific associations with task performance were identified by estimating the association between (sinusoidal) power of functional response and mean RT to the activation condition; a permutation test based on spatial statistics was used for inference. There was significant behavioral-physiological association in right ventral extrastriate cortex for the line orientation task and in bilateral (predominantly right) superior parietal lobule for the mental rotation task. Comparable associations were not found between power of response and RT to the baseline conditions of the tasks. These data suggest that one region in a neurocognitive network may be most strongly associated with behavioral performance and this may be regarded as the computationally least efficient or rate-limiting node of the network.

Model based procedure for scale-up of wet overflow ball mills Part 1: Outline of the methodology

Bond's method for ball mill scale-up only gives the mill power draw for a given duty. This method is incompatible with computer modelling and simulation techniques. It might not be applicable for the design of fine grinding ball mills and ball mills preceded by autogenous and semi-autogenous grinding mills. Model-based ball mill scale-up methods have not been validated using a wide range of full-scale circuit data. Their accuracy is therefore questionable. Some of these methods also need expensive pilot testing. A new ball mill scale-up procedure is developed which does not have these limitations. This procedure uses data from two laboratory tests to determine the parameters of a ball mill model. A set of scale-up criteria then scales-up these parameters. The procedure uses the scaled-up parameters to simulate the steady state performance of full-scale mill circuits. At the end of the simulation, the scale-up procedure gives the size distribution, the volumetric flowrate and the mass flowrate of all the streams in the circuit, and the mill power draw.

Validation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale for men, and comparison of item endorsement with their partners

Background: The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) has been validated and used extensively in screening for depression in new mothers, both in English speaking and non-English speaking communities. While some studies have reported the use of the EPDS with Fathers, none have validated it for this group, and thus the appropriate cut-off score for screening for depression or anxiety caseness for this population is not known. Method: Couples were recruited antenatally and interviewed at six weeks postpartum. EPDS scores and distress caseness (depression or anxiety disorders) for 208 fathers and 230 mothers were determined using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule. Results: Analyses of the EPDS for fathers using distress caseness (depression or anxiety disorders) as the criterion shows that a cut-off of 5/6 has optimum receiver operating characteristics. Furthermore acceptable reliability (split-half and internal consistency) and validity (concurrent) coefficients were obtained. For mothers the optimum cut-off screening value to detect distress caseness was 7/8. Item analysis revealed that fathers endorsed seven of the ten items at lower rates to mothers, with the most significant being that referring to crying. Conclusions: The EPDS is a reliable and valid measure of mood in fathers. Screening for depression or anxiety disorders in fathers requires a two point lower cut-off than screening for depression or anxiety in mothers, and we recommend this cut-off to he 5/6. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Contributo para a validação de uma escala pediátrica, Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-2 (versão portuguesa)

Mestrado em Fisioterapia

Implementation of an IoT-based Sensor Network Integrating IoT-based Sensor Networks with Large-Scale Message Distribution

As technology advances not only do new standards and programming styles appear but also some of the previously established ones gain relevance. In a new Internet paradigm where interconnection between small devices is key to the development of new businesses and scientific advancement there is the need to find simple solutions that anyone can implement in order to allow ideas to become more than that, ideas. Open-source software is still alive and well, especially in the area of the Internet of Things. This opens windows for many low capital entrepreneurs to experiment with their ideas and actually develop prototypes, which can help identify problems with a project or shine light on possible new features and interactions. As programming becomes more and more popular between people of fields not related to software there is the need for guidance in developing something other than basic algorithms, which is where this thesis comes in: A comprehensive document explaining the challenges and available choices of developing a sensor data and message delivery system, which scales well and implements the delivery of critical messages. Modularity and extensibility were also given much importance, making this an affordable tool for anyone that wants to build a sensor network of the kind.