Flora of Peru / Alwyn H. Gentry, Dillon Michael O., and Jones Samuel B.

n.s. no.5(1980)

Osteology of the extant North American fishes of the genus Hiodon Lesueur, 1818 (Teleostei: Osteoglossomorpha: Hiodontiformes) / Eric J. Hilton.

n.s. no.100(2002)

On the osteology of Nyctosaurus (Nyctodactylus), with notes on American pterosaurs / By Samuel W. Williston -- ; Oliver Cummings Farrington --

v.2:no.3(1903)

The marine fishes of Panama. by Seth E. Meek and Samuel F. Hildebrand ; Wilfred H. Osgood, editor

v.15:pt.3(1928)

The marine fishes of Panama. by Seth E. Meek and Samuel F. Hildebrand.

v.15:pt.1(1923)

A new catalogue of the fresh-water fishes of Panama, by Samuel F. Hildebrand.

v.22:no.4(1938)

North American plesiosaurs : by Samuel W. Williston -- ; Oliver C. Farrington --

v.2:no.1(1903)

The botany of the Antarctic voyage of H.M. discovery ships Erebus and Terror in the Years 1839-1843 :under the command of Captain Sir James Clark Ross /by Joseph Dalton Hooker.

v.1 Text (1844)

The Sanctified ‘Adultress’ and Her Circumstantial Clause: Bathsheba’s Bath and Self-Consecration in 2 Samuel 11

Bathsheba's actions in 2 Sam. 11.2-4 identify crucial aspects of her character. Past commentators interpret these words in connection with menstrual purification, stressing the certain paternity of David's adulterine child. This article demonstrates that the participles rōheset and mitqaddesšet and the noun mittum'ātāh do not denote menstrual cleansing. Bathsheba's washing is an innocent bath. She is the only individual human to self-sanctify, placing her in the company of the Israelite deity. The syntax of the verse necessitates that her action of self-sanctifying occurs simultaneously as David lies with her. The three focal terms highlight the important legitimacy of Bathsheba before the Israelite deity, her identity as a non-Israelite, her role as queen mother of the Solomonic line, and her full participation in the narrative.

Estudos sobre o comportamento dos planorbídeos: II - enterramento de Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818) como meio de proteção contra a dessecação

Os a.a confirmaram em laboratório a ocorrência de enterramento no repertório comportamental de Biomphalaria glabrata. Verificaram que os indivíduos enterrados se recuperaram com maior rapidez, depois de um período de 20 dias de dessecação, do que os outros que permaneceram sobre o solo. Estudos mais detalhados a respeito são necessários para avaliar a importância epidemiológica desse comportamento.

Comportamento de Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818) como critério de toxicidade em ensaios biológicos com moluscicidas

Visando à aplicação sistemática de parâmetros comportamentais como indicadores da ação tóxica de moluscicidas empregados no combate aos hospedeiros intermediários do Schistosoma mansoni, um procedimento para avaliação quantitativa do efeito de dose sobre o comprotamento de Biomphalaria glabrata foi desenvolvido, com base no paradigma recomendado pela O.M.S. para ensaios biológicos e envolvendo registro comportamental por cenematografia ocm lapso de tempo: caramujos com 5 7/8 ± 1/8 giros eram subemtidos a diferentes concentrações subletais de sulfato de cobre durante 24 horas e em seguida transferidos para recuperação em água destilada desionizada; a partir da análise dos registros foram computados (a) a freqüência total de subidas à superfície por indivíduo, (b) a frqüência total de saídas da água por indivíduo e (c) a proporção média de indivíduos no terço superior do recipiente de teste. O método Litchfield-Wilcoxon foi empregaod para determinação de índices de referência (denominados "concentrações de efieto comportamental de 50%" ou CEC50) em relação a cada parâmetro, e os valores obtidos - (a) 0,010, (b) 0,006 e (c) 0,029 ppm de cobre - não só evidenciaram a exeqüibilidade da aplicação sistemática de critérios comportamentais de toxidade, como se revelaram capazes de detectar o efieto tóxico do produto em concentrações muito infereiores às obtidas nas determinações convencionais de letalidade. Os dados também mostraram alterações na atividade dos caramujos em decorrência do ciclo de iluminação dia-noite. Embora o esclarecimento dos aspectos etológicos envolvidos no problema do controle químico do vetor dependa da análise das relações entre o indivíduo e seu ambiente natural, estudos de laboratório com mensurações acuradas de parâmetros relacionados a comportamentos de proteção podem fornecer subsídios relevantes a respeito.

Orientation to light of juvenile and adult forms of melanic and albino populations of Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818)

The process of light orientation by the snail Biomphalaria glabrata was studied using the selection technique in a Y-shaped aquarium under vertical or horizontal lighting schemes. Snail behavior was measured on the basis of distance (cm) covered per hour, direction of locomotion, and localization of the animal in the aquarium. A comparison was made of the action of the light stimulus on young and adult animals of albino populations from Santa Luzia (State of Minas Gerais, Brazil) and of a melanic population from Touros (State of Rio Grande do Norte) studied in groups and separately. All groups studied were attracted to light. Analysis of the data suggests the exitence of two orientation mechanisms with respect to light in these animals, i.e. high photo-orthokinesia and positive phototaxis, which influence their motion in the environment. This evidence permitted us to discuss features of the distribution dynamics of these mollusks in the environment and their relationship with the larval phases of Schistosoma mansoni, for which they act as intermediated hosts.

Effects of Laurus nobilis (Lauraceae) on Biomphalaria glabrata (Say, 1818)

Experiments were carried out using aqueous extracts from leaves and flowers of Laurus nobilis on Biomphalaria glabrata. Treatments were performed on blastula stage (± 15 h after first cleavage) and on adult snails (11-18 mm). In both instances they were exposed for 24 h to different concentrations of the extracts on snails (200 to 2500 ppm) and embryos (20 to 300 ppm) at 25 ± 1ºC. The embryos were observed for a period of 20 days after treatment and the snails for 10 days. Results obtained with leaf aqueous extracts have shown a degree of toxicity on embryos starting at a concentration of 125 ppm, the flower extract being effective at 35 ppm. The malformation obtained with the different concentrations falls into the unespecific type category, however some cephalic and shell malformations were found in embryos treated with concentrations over 50 ppm (leaves) and 25 ppm (flowers). The LD90 on adult snails obtained by treatments with flower and leaf extract was observed at concentrations of 340 ppm and 1900 ppm respectively.