A Mild Protocol for the Regioselective Ring Opening of Doubly Activated Cyclopropanes by Using Selenolates Generated in Situ: Synthesis of Functionalized Organoselenium Compounds

A variety of functionalized organoselenium compounds were synthesized from doubly activated cyclopropanes and diselenides in the presence of sodium borohydride. A range of substituents were stable under these reaction conditions. Additionally, we extended the scope of the method by reducing nitro groups in the products to give the corresponding selenium-containing unnatural amino acids.

Interaction of a vortex ring with a single bubble: bubble and vorticity dynamics

The interaction of a single bubble with a single vortex ring in water has been studied experimentally. Measurements of both the bubble dynamics and vorticity dynamics have been done to help understand the two-way coupled problem. The circulation strength of the vortex ring (Gamma) has been systematically varied, while keeping the bubble diameter (D-b) constant, with the bubble volume to vortex core volume ratio (V-R) also kept fixed at about 0.1. The other important parameter in the problem is a Weber number based on the vortex ring strength. (We = 0.87 rho(Gamma/2 pi a)(2)/(sigma/D-b); a = vortex core radius, sigma = surface tension), which is varied over a large range, We = 3-406. The interaction between the bubble and ring for each of the We cases broadly falls into four stages. Stage I is before capture of the bubble by the ring where the bubble is drawn into the low-pressure vortex core, while in stage II the bubble is stretched in the azimuthal direction within the ring and gradually broken up into a number of smaller bubbles. Following this, in stage III the bubble break-up is complete and the resulting smaller bubbles slowly move around the core, and finally in stage IV the bubbles escape. Apart from the effect of the ring on the bubble, the bubble is also shown to significantly affect the vortex ring, especially at low We (We similar to 3). In these low-We cases, the convection speed drops significantly compared to the base case without a bubble, while the core appears to fragment with a resultant large decrease in enstrophy by about 50 %. In the higher-We cases (We > 100), there are some differences in convection speed and enstrophy, but the effects are relatively small. The most dramatic effects of the bubble on the ring are found for thicker core rings at low We (We similar to 3) with the vortex ring almost stopping after interacting with the bubble, and the core fragmenting into two parts. The present idealized experiments exhibit many phenomena also seen in bubbly turbulent flows such as reduction in enstrophy, suppression of structures, enhancement of energy at small scales and reduction in energy at large scales. These similarities suggest that results from the present experiments can be helpful in better understanding interactions of bubbles with eddies in turbulent flows.

Tandem aziridine ring opening-disulfide formation-reduction-Michael addition in one-pot mediated by tetrathiomolybdate

A detailed study of tetrathiomolybdate mediated tandem regio- and stereoselective ring opening of aziridine, disulfide formation, reduction of disulfide bond and Michael reaction in a one-pot operation is reported. This constitutes four reactions that take place in one-pot operation. In the reaction of BnEt3N](4)MoS4 with an aziridine derived from cyclohexene and in the absence of Michael acceptor intermediates sulfonamidodisulfide and sulfonamidothiol were isolated and fully characterized. It has also been shown that it is possible to carry out selective opening of the aziridine ring in the presence of an epoxide. By incorporating a suitable Michael acceptor as part of the substrate, intramolecular 1,4-addition could be performed, to achieve the synthesis of sulfur containing acyclic, cyclic amino acid ester derivatives and thia-bicyclo3.3.1]nonane derivatives in good yields. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Bearing Capacity Factors for Ring Foundations

Bearing capacity factors because of the components of cohesion, surcharge, and unit weight, respectively, have been computed for smooth and rough ring footings for different combinations of r(i)= r(o) and. by using lower and upper bound theorems of the limit analysis in conjunction with finite elements and linear optimization, where r(i) and r(o) refer to the inner and outer radii of the ring, respectively. It is observed that for a smooth footing with a given value of r(o), the magnitude of the collapse load decreases continuously with an increase in r(i). Conversely, for a rough base, for a given value of r(o), hardly any reduction occurs in the magnitude of the collapse load up to r(i)= r(o) approximate to 0.2, whereas for r(i)= r(o) > 0.2, the magnitude of the collapse load, similar to that of a smooth footing, decreases continuously with an increase in r(i)= r(o). The results from the analysis compare reasonably well with available theoretical and experimental data from the literature. (C) 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.

In-plane effective shear modulus of generalized circular honeycomb structures and bundled tubes in a diamond array structure

Use of circular hexagonal honeycomb structures and tube assemblies in energy absorption systems has attracted a large number of literature on their characterization under crushing and impact loads. Notwithstanding these, effective shear moduli (G*) required for complete transverse elastic characterization and in analyses of hierarchical structures have received scant attention. In an attempt to fill this void, the present study undertakes to evaluate G* of a generalized circular honeycomb structures and tube assemblies in a diamond array structure (DAS) with no restriction on their thickness. These structures present a potential to realize a spectrum of moduli with minimal modifications, a point of relevance for manufactures and designers. To evaluate G* in this paper, models based on technical theories - thin ring theory and curved beam theory - and rigorous theory of elasticity are investigated and corroborated with FEA employing contact elements. Technical theories which give a good match for thin HCS offer compact expressions for moduli which can be harvested to study sensitivity of moduli on topology. On the other hand, elasticity model offers a very good match over a large range of thickness along with exact analysis of stresses by employing computationally efficient expressions. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Gold catalyzed intramolecular hydroalkoxylation assisted ring opening of furans to the corresponding saturated gamma-keto esters

A facile ring opening of furans in furyl propargyl alcohols to the corresponding saturated gamma-keto esters is observed in the gold(III) chloride catalyzed reaction with MeOH. It is found that the ring opening of furan is driven by the intramolecular hydroalkoxylation. Mitigating the intramolecular hydroalkoxylation led to the expected conjugated enyne resulting from the dehydration. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Bismuth-doped fiber integrated ring laser mode-locked with a nanotube-based saturable absorber

We demonstrate passive mode-locking of a bismuth-doped fiber laser using a singlewall nanotube-based saturable absorber. Stable operation in the all-normal dispersion and average soliton regime is obtained, with an all-fiber integrated format. © 2010 Optical Society of America.

Diagnóstico de la brucelosis bovina por el método del "ring-test"

El presente trabajo se llevó a cabo entre los meses de Julio a Septiembre del año 1965, en los Laboratorios de la Escuela Nacional de Agricultura y Ganadería. Se recurrió a la prueba del Ring-Test, para diagnosticar la Brucelosis en hatos situados en los departamentos de Managua, León, Carazo, Masaya, Granada, Rivas y Boaco; se obtuvieron ciertos datos estadísticos al objeto de hacer un estudio de productividad de leche. Los resultados de este trabajo fueron: 1). Las fincas positivas se encuentran localizadas en los departamentos de Managua, Carazo, Granada y Rivas. 2). Los porcentajes de hatos Negativos, positivos y sospechosos por departamento fueron los siguientes: % de hatos N., Managua 80,76. % de hatos P. 9.62, % de hatos S. 3.91, Leon % de hatos N. 100.00, % de hatos P. 9.62, % de hatos S. 0, Granada % de hatos N. 86.66, % de Hatos P. 0, % de hatos S. 0, Rivas % de hatos N. 46.15, % de hatos P. 53.85, % de hatos S. 0. No se hace mención de los porcentajes de los departamentos de Masaya, Carazo y Boaco, debido a los pocos hatos examinados en ellos. 3). El porcentaje de vacas en producción del total de vacas adultas es de 54.10% en la cuenca lechera y la zona del pacifico y el 54% en los hatos examinados. 4). La cantidad de leche para la venta es de 3.22 litros por vaca.

Static equilibrium of horizontal ring prominence

In 1980 the Beijing Observatory had successively observed sevesal rare completely closed ring prominences whose ring plane was approximately parallel to the solar surface with a characteristic life about 1—2 days. In this paper we discuss the static equilibrium of this kind of horizontal ring plasma under the simultaneous actions of magnetic force, gravity and pressure gradients. Assuming ring plasma with axisymmetry and rectangular plasma cross-section and adopting closed magnetic field boundary condition from the basic equations we obtain the exact zero order general solutions for magnetic field (force-free field) and density (pressure). We further obtain an eigen-solution for the zero order magnetic field and density as well as the first order magnetic field, thus giving a kind of the possible distribution of magnetic field and density for the horizontal closed ring prominence. The closed magnetic structure of ring prominence as presented in this paper, has no link with the force lines of the outside corona magnetic field. This is helpful to explain the great temperature difference between prominenee and corona.