961 resultados para Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)


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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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The I-3 gene from the wild tomato species Lycopersicon pennellii confers resistance to race 3 of the devastating vascular wilt pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. As an initial step in a positional cloning strategy for the isolation of I-3, we converted restriction fragment length polymorphism and conserved orthologue set markers, known genes and a resistance gene analogue (RGA) mapping to the I-3 region into PCR-based sequence characterised amplified region (SCAR) and cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers. Additional PCR-based markers in the I-3 region were generated using the randomly amplified DNA fingerprinting (RAF) technique. SCAR, CAPS and RAF markers were used for high-resolution mapping around the I-3 locus. The I-3 gene was localised to a 0.3-cM region containing a RAF marker, eO6, and an RGA, RGA332. RGA332 was cloned and found to correspond to a putative pseudogene with at least two loss-of-function mutations. The predicted pseudogene belongs to the Toll interleukin-1 receptor-nucleotide-binding site-leucine-rich-repeat sub-class of plant disease resistance genes. Despite the presence of two RGA332 homologues in L. esculentum, DNA gel blot and PCR analysis suggests that no other homologues are present in lines carrying I-3 that could be alternative candidates for the gene.

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Epidemiological investigations of Clostridium difficile often focus on differences between separate geographical areas. In this investigation, two populations of C. difficile recovered from separate tertiary referral Trusts within the West Midlands, UK, were characterized using both PCR ribotyping and an optimized RAPD (random amplification of polymorphic DNA) protocol. The PCR ribotyping and RAPD methodologies identified differences between the two C. difficile populations, in both the prevalence and the diversity of types identified. The use of PCR ribotyping in conjunction with RAPD further categorized different types within defined PCR ribotypes, identifying different types within the same PCR ribotype and therefore providing a greater discriminatory power than either of the methods when used alone. The differences observed in this study between the two Trusts in the distribution of both RAPD 'type' and PCR ribotype demonstrate the diversity that is present amongst isolates of C. difficile within a relatively small geographical area and warrants a need for further investigation into the local epidemiology of C. difficile.

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The Australian dugong (Dugong dugon) and Florida manatee (Trichechus manatus latirostris) are threatened species of aquatic mammals in the order Sirenia. Sirenian conservation and management actions would benefit from a more complete understanding of genetic diversity and population structure. Generally, species-specific microsatellite markers are employed in conservation genetic studies; however, robust markers can be difficult and costly to isolate. To increase the number of available markers, dugong and manatee microsatellite primers were evaluated for cross-species amplification. Furthermore, one manatee and four dugong novel primers are reported. After polymerase chain reaction optimization, 23 (92%) manatee primers successfully amplified dugong DNA, of which 11 (48%) were polymorphic. Of the 32 dugong primers tested, 27 (84%) yielded product in the manatee, of which 17 (63%) were polymorphic. Dugong and manatee primers were compared and the most informative markers were selected to create robust and informative marker-panels for each species. These cross-species microsatellite marker-panels can be employed to assess other sirenian populations and can provide beneficial information for the protection and management of these unique mammals.

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葡萄属(Vitis.L.)植物隶属于葡萄科(Vitaceae),主要分布于北温带,最南可以分布到南美洲的委内瑞拉和亚洲的越南以及印度北部。本文通过对该属分类研究历史的回顾,认为该属存在的问题主要表现在如下几个方面: 1)葡萄属自1753 年由Carl Linne创立以来,虽经planchon于1887年做了修订,但属的范围仍需进一步界定;2)在Planchon之后的100多年中未见有一全面的分类学修订工作,出现在该属的800多个名称需要考证;3)对一些广布种的变异认识不足,导致了大量可疑种。针对这些问题本文进行了如下几个方面的工作: l、形态学:通过大量的野外工作和标本观察,对该属植物的主要性状做了分析,讨论了这些性状状态在葡萄属中的变异规律及演化趋势,将灌木状习性、退化的卷须以及不裂的叶片视为进化的性状。 2、细胞学:利用前人对葡萄属(Vitis.L.)染色体数目的统计及一些杂交实验分析的结果,结合形态学等方面的特征分析,认为在葡萄科,染色体基数X=10为原始的,而x=19则为衍生的。葡萄属的染色体基数xl9(2n=38),多倍体较少见;麝香葡萄属[Muscadinia (Planch.) Sma11]的染色体基数为x=10 (2n=20).与蛇葡萄属、酸蔹藤属和爬山虎属的一致。葡萄属和麝香葡萄属间的杂种是不育的。 3、孢粉学:对葡萄属32种5变种及麝香葡萄属[Muscadinia (Planch.) Sma11]1种的花粉外壁做扫描电镜观察,结果发现花粉外壁雕纹在这两属间和葡萄属内变异较小,对区分属以及属下种上类群意义不大,但对种的鉴别有重要的价值。 4、植物化学:前人对植物化学的工作表明,植物的一些次生代谢产物如类黄酮化合物在葡萄科各类群中的分布规律较好地反映了各类群间的关系。这些结果较好地支持了Planchon对葡萄属范围的界定。 5、山葡萄复合体(V.amurensis complex)包括山葡萄(V.amurensis Rupr.)、燕山葡萄(V.amuresis Rupr. var. dissecta Skvorts.=var.yanshanensisD.Z.Lu et H.P.Liang)、百花山葡萄(V.baihuashanensis M.S.Kang et D.Z.Lu)、复叶葡萄(V.piasezkii Maxim.)、少毛复叶葡萄[V. piasezkii Maxux1.var. pagnuccii (Planch.) Rehd.]共3个种和2个变种,广泛分布于中国北方,形态变异较大。本文对该复合体做了形态分析,并用RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs)分子标记方法分析了这几个类群的关系。综合这些结果,归并了燕山葡萄和百花山葡萄。 在上述工作的基础上,我们得出了如下的结论: l、葡萄属在葡萄科中是一个进化的类群。整理后的葡萄属包括8系62种、l亚种和15变种,其中有2个新系、1个新组合系、2个新变种、1个新组合种和l3个新异名。 2、本文赞同SmaU在1903年作出的分类学处理,把麝香葡萄作为一个独立的属,比葡萄属原始但与葡萄属有着最近的亲缘关系。 3、依据形态特征和APD分析结果把山葡萄复合体的3个种2变种归并为2种l变种,即山葡萄、复叶葡萄和少毛复叶葡萄,认为分子标记技术在分析属内近缘种闻关系上很有价值。 4、葡萄属具有东亚和北美2个现代分布中心,该属可能起源于北美的东部,在晚白垩纪经白令陆桥散布至欧亚大陆。

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对6只笼养滇金丝猴(Rhinopithecus bieti)进行了随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)及遗传多样性分析.用45个10bp随机短引物对每只滇金丝猴的基因组DNA进行了扩增,平均每个个体观察到的RAPD标记约为130个左右,单个引物获得的标记在1~7个之间.80%的RAPD标记表现为无多态的单型性.个体间的遗传距离为0.052,表明笼养滇金丝猴群体的遗传多样性很低.此研究结果与在蛋白多态研究中得到的一致.贫乏的遗传多样性一方面使目前处于濒危境地的滇金丝猴生存情况更加危险,同时其本身也可能是造成目前滇金丝猴濒危的原因之一.另外,通过成对的遗传距离分析,构建了这一群滇金丝猴的谱系关系图,提出了让遗传距离较远的个体间进行交配的笼养繁育计划.

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随机扩增多态DNA分析法(RAPD)是一种有效的近交系实验动物遗传监测手段。实验中一个有趣的结果是, 在OPG2、OPE4、OPE9的扩增产物中, 发现了严格的性别依赖的RAPD标记。OPE9扩增产物中, 凡雄性个体都有一条0.88kb的标记。OPG2、OPE4则在所有的雄性个体中多扩增出一条约1.2kb的带。通过交叉PCR扩增和斑点杂交证明OPG2、OPE4得到的雄性特异性RAPD标记虽分子大小一致, 但不具同源性。这些性别相关RAPD标记的染色体定位和性质分析正在进一步进行中。

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根据遗传距离建立的系统树显示,黑叶猴与白头叶猴亲缘关系最近,且两者都不是单系群。白头叶猴3与黑叶猴6的亲缘关系比与白头叶猴1、2的更近。根据系统树中的关系对群体进行了t检验,结果显示:在5%水平上,白头叶猴与黑叶猴有显著差异;然而,在同样的水平上白头叶猴1、2、3和黑叶猴6、2、3组成的群体也显著区别于黑叶猴1、4、5组成的群体。系统树和t检验结果表明,白头叶猴与黑叶猴之间遗传差异水平较低,近期两者之间可能存在基因流。结合形态学特征和地理分布特点,结果支持白头叶猴可能是黑叶猴的一个亚种的观点。

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二花脸猪、杜洛克猪群内遗传距离指数分别为0.0371、0.0345,遗传多样性指数分别为0.486、0.431,两品种间存在着DNA分子水平上的差异;利用RAPD技术可以快速有效地检测猪的DNA多态性,RAPD技术在猪基因组研究中有广阔的应用前景。

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云南甘蔗细茎野生种不同生态类型的遗传变异较大,具有丰富的遗传多样性;低纬度类型的遗传多样性明显高于高纬度类型,在相同的纬度范围内,随着海拔的升高,其多态性逐渐减少;基于分子聚类分析,86份材料被划分为8个不同群体,表现出明显的地理分布的特点。

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采用RAPD和PCR-DGGE指纹技术对转基因鱼试验湖的浮游生物群落DNA多态性进行了研究,并探讨了DNA多态性与物种组成的关系.结果显示:(1)形态学分类共鉴定到44种/类浮游生物:其中藻类13种,原生动物11种,轮虫16种,枝角类和桡足类各2种.多甲藻(Peridinium sp.)、球形砂壳虫(Difflugia globulosa)、螺形龟甲轮虫(Keratella cochlearis)和针簇多肢轮虫(Polyarthra trigla)4个物种在各个站丰度相对较高.(2)RAPD扩增共获得12

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本文对三峡水库大坝至香溪河段所设A、B、C、D、E、F和G等7个站点浮游生物群落DNA进行了RAPD分子生物学研究,并分析了其与水体理化因子的关系。各站点间RAPD研究表明:D和E首先聚到一组,然后与A聚到一起,最后与C聚成一大类;B和F聚成一大类;站点G独自归于一类。而理化因子聚类结果显示:B首先与C聚为一小类,再与D聚到一起,然后与G、F聚成的小类聚为一类,而E与A分别单独归为一类。比较发现,RAPD聚类结果中相距较近的站点在理化因子聚类中显示为相距较远的站点(如站点A、C、D、E之间),而在RAPD

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对2006年1月采自松花江红旗渡口到同江7个样点的浮游生物群落进行了RAPD指纹分析,进而探讨了河流生态系统浮游生物群落DNA指纹与物种组成之间的关系.筛选出的8条随机引物扩增的谱带全为多态性带,其中特有条带所占比例最大(30.2%);形态分类共检测到浮游生物66种,且没有检测到7个样点的共有种类;这些结果显示研究区域浮游生物群落相似性比较低,环境差异性较大.基于DNA指纹的聚类进一步表明,同江、红旗渡口和佳木斯的浮游生物群落较为相似而聚为一枝,哨口、肇源和哈尔滨为一枝,而松原成为单独的一枝.物种组成则将

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对牛山湖5个站点的浮游生物群落DNA多态性进行了RAPD指纹和PCR-DGGE指纹分析,并探讨了其与理化因子的关系.结果如下:1)从40条随机引物中筛选出9条引物,共获得93条谱带,多态率为58%;各站点所得谱带平均为67条,其中Ⅰ站最少,为61条,Ⅴ站最多,为74条;2)PCR-DGGE指纹图谱共含102条谱带,其中原核生物56条,真核生物46条,谱带总数以Ⅲ站、Ⅳ站和Ⅴ站较多,Ⅰ站和Ⅱ站较少;3)Ⅱ站的总磷、叶绿素、化学耗氧量、硬度及电导率最高;各站点间溶氧和pH差异较小.相似性聚类分析表明,浮游生物

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以三峡库区所设A、B、C、D、E、F和G等7个站点为研究区域,利用RAPD技术就其浮游生物群落遗传多样性与物种多样性的关系进行了探索性研究.共鉴定出浮游生物41种,其中藻类4种,原生动物10种,轮虫类19种,枝角类4种,桡足类4种.物种组成相似性最高的是B站和C站,最低的是A站和F站.而站点间浮游生物群落遗传距离分析表明:相距最近的是C站与D站,最远的为D站与F站.树状聚类图也显示:各站点物种组成聚为一类;而DNA多态性RAPD最先聚在一起的是B与F,它们的对应枝由A、C、D、E构成,G单独成为一枝.研究