A influência da maturidade em gerência de projetos para uma atuação com maior responsabilidade ambiental: um estudo sobre os profissionais de SMS da Unidade de Negócios Bacia de Campos da Petrobrás

Este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar a existência de relação entre o conhecimento de técnicas de projeto e a efetividade do processo de mudança para uma atuação com maior responsabilidade ambiental. Trata-se de um estudo de caso sobre a Petrobras, mais especificamente sobre a Unidade de Negócios Bacia de Campos, onde foram efetuadas pesquisas de campo por meio de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e de questionários distribuídos a profissionais alocados na área de Segurança, Meio-ambiente e Saúde nos ativos desta unidade. Os dados resultantes das pesquisas foram tratados quali-quantitativamente, identificando-se que na percepção destes profissionais indica uma correlação significativa entre o nível de maturidade na utilização de técnicas de projeto e o nível de responsabilidade ambiental da organização.

Gestão de recursos externos em projetos na área social: o caso do Projeto de Serviços Básicos de Saúde no Nordeste - PNE I

The following paper analyses the managerial and administrative aspects of a project named Projeto de Serviços Básicos de Saúde no Nordeste (PNE I) - initiated in the 80¿s and has been funded by the International Development and Reconstruction Bank (IDRB) ¿ for the construction of a series of lessons and recommendations to be observed along the formulation, implementation and assessment of projects performed under external financing. During the Project time the most important and deep changes and innovations have occurred involving the national politics for health, which have been mostly decisive at directing the Project, specially concerning the organization of services with emphasis to the process of decentralization as well as the participation of the organized society as a tool of social control. The expectations towards the publicizing and the dissemination of the paper presented are laid upon the warranty that the recommendations hereby given shall, effectively, contribute for the decrease of unwanted results and for the magnification of variables to be considered in projects with the scope and characteristics similar to PNE I.

Identificação da estrutura de escritório de gerenciamento de projetos adequada a partir da avaliação do nível de maturidade em Gerenciamento de Projetos: Um Estudo sobre a Área de Tecnologia da Informação da Petrobras

Changing has been addressed by projects and it had happened in a fast and disarrenged way. In consequence of the increasing on demand for projects, to get better success rate is essential manage projects adequately. The creation of an organitional structure intended to concentrate the development of process and methodologies is a great initiative to spread the projects management concepts. The purpose of this work is to apply a model to analyse the maturity level on project management of the Petrobras IT Department and indicate an Project Management Office adequated to the level found, that could be improved with the increase of the maturity level.

Globalização de capacidades tecnológicas inovadoras e o papel de subsidiárias de empresas transnacionais (ETNs) no contexto de países em desenvolvimento: a trajetória de uma empresa do setor de TIC no Brasil

This dissertation seeks to add new evidence to the international debate on globalization of innovation in the developing countries context. Globalization of innovation, in this dissertation, is defined and measured by the types, levels and rate of innovative technological capability accumulation and the underlying technological learning processes (sources of capabilities) at the firm level in late-industrializing countries ¿ or developing countries. This relationship is examined within a large transnational corporation (TNC) subsidiary of the information and communication technology (ICT) sector in Brasil: Motorola do Brasil during over the period from 1996 to 2006. In the international literature there is a strong debate on the extent to which innovative technological capabilities have been spreading internationally. But, the most of the studies are focused on early industrialized countries. In other words, there is still a scarcity of analysis, mainly at the firm level, from the perspective of developing countries. This dissertation supports itself in analytical basis developed in the international literature on accumulation of technological capabilities and learning in the context of developing countries. The learning processes examined in this dissertation are: (i) intra-firm learning processes; (ii) inter-firm learning processes (links between mother and sister companies); and (iii) links between the firm and other organizations of the innovation system (universities, research institutes, among others). Based on first-hand empirical evidence, qualitative and quantitative, collected on the basis of extensive fieldwork, this dissertation examines these issues with adequate level of detail and depth, in this large company in Brazil. The study results suggest that: Concerning the path of the technological capability accumulation, the firm exhibited heterogeneity in the path of accumulation of technological capabilities to distinct functions. For the functions Software Engineering and Process and Management Project the firm reached the Level 6 (Innovative Intermediate Superior), on a scale that ranges from 1 to 7; In relation to technological capability sources, the firm deliberately sought and built sources of knowledge in order to develop and sustain its innovative technological capabilities. The dissertation, thus, contributes to adding new empirical evidence to the debate on globalization of innovative capabilities from a late-industrializing perspective.

Desenvolvimento sustentável e turismo: o caso lençóis maranheses

Tourism as an example of alternative for sustainable development in the Lençóis Maranhenses. The objective of this work is to analyze the prospects for sustainable development in tourism in the aforementioned region. An attempt is made to evaluate the five dimensions of sustainable - ecological, economic, social, space and cultural. The base for discussion is the information gathered from the people who actually live in the region. A type of the case study was built up. The research involved speaking with the people about the viability of tourism projects, not only with an eye on economic success, job creation and income for the region. There was also an attempt to tackle the issue of social and environment impact. Data was collected through verbal contact. A variety of people were interviewed, locals, businessmen, authorities, civil representatives and they spoke about the advantages and disadvantages of tourism as the saw it and as it affected them. Their answers and comments constitute the knowledge gleaned. The development of possible new strategies is the result of this work. Strategies that should be investigated by the local government/public administration. One such strategy would involve strengthening ties whit society and hoping that the improved dialogue would encourage sustainability. Another would mean improving interdepartmental contact to streamline the performance of public bodies so that development can be better planned and non-destructive.

Trajetórias De Acumulação De Capacidades Inovadoras, Mecanismos De Aprendizagem E Fatores Organizacionais Relativos A Atividades Em Gestão De Projetos: Estudo De Caso Comparativo Inter-Empresarial Na Indústria De Bens De Capital E De Celulose E Papel No Brasil

Over the last 40 years there has been a profusion of studies about the ccumulation of technological capacities in firms from developing economies. However, there remain few studies that examine, on a combined basis, the relationship among: the trajectories of technological capacities accumulation; the underlying learning mechanisms; and, the implications of organizational factors for these two variables. Still scarcer are the studies that examine the relationship among these variables along time and based on a comparative case study. This dissertation examines the relationship among the trajectory of accumulation of innovative capacities in complex project management, the learning mechanisms underlying these technological capacities and the intra-organizational factors that influence these learning echanisms. That set of relationships is examined through a comparative and a long-term (1988-2008) case study in a capital goods firm (for the pulp and paper industry) and a pulp mill in Brazil. Based on first-hand quantitative and qualitative empiric evidence, gathered through extensive field research, this dissertation found: 1. Both firms accumulated innovative capacity in project management at the international frontier level (Level 6). However, there was variability between the firms in terms of the nature and speed of accumulation of those capacities. It was also observed that, at this level of innovation, the innovative capacities of both firms are not confined to their organizational boundaries, but they are distributed beyond their boundaries. 2. So that these companies could accumulate those levels of innovative capacities it was necessary to manage several learning mechanisms: leveraging of external knowledge and its internalization in terms of internal apacities of the firm. In other words, as the companies accumulated more innovative levels of capacities for project management, it was necessary to manage different cycles of technological learning. 3. Further, the relationship between the ccumulation of technological capacities and learning was affected positively by intra-organizational factors, such as 'authority disposition', 'mutability of work roles' and 'intensity of internal crises', and negatively by the factor 'singularity of goals'. This dissertation revealed divergent results between firms in two of the four factors studied. These results contribute to advance our understanding of the complexity and variability involved in the process of accumulation of innovative capacities in firms from developing economies. This highlights the growing importance of the organizational and the human resource dimensions of innovation and technological capacity as the company approaches the international frontier. The results suggest to managers that: (i) the good performance in project management in the two firms studied did not occur simply as a result of the pulp and paper Brazilian industry growth, rather as a result of the deliberate construction and accumulation of the capacities through an intensive and coordinated cyclical process of technological learning, (ii) to develop innovative capabilities in project management, besides looking for learning mechanisms they should also look at the organizational factors that influence the learning mechanisms directly, (iii) performance of pulp mill¿s projects is better when projects are implemented together with technology suppliers than when performed only by the mill. This dissertation concludes that capital goods firms have been having a fundamental role for the innovative capabilities accumulation in project management of pulp mills in Brazil (and vice-versa) for a long time. This contradicts some authors' propositions that affirm that: a) equipment suppliers for the pulp and paper industry have been creating little, if any, development of processes or engineering projects in Brazil; b) firms in the pulp and paper industry have little capacity for machinery and equipments projects only taking place in few technological activities, being internal or external to the firm. Finally, some studies are proposed for future research.

Globalização de capacidades tecnológicas inovadoras e o papel de subsidiárias de empresas transnacionais( ETNs) No contexto de países em desenvolvimento: a trajetória de uma empresa do setor de TIC no Brasil

This dissertation seeks to add new evidence to the international debate on globalization of innovation in the developing countries context. Globalization of innovation, in this dissertation, is defined and measured by the types, levels and rate of innovative technological capability accumulation and the underlying technological learning processes (sources of capabilities) at the firm level in late-industrializing countries ¿ or developing countries. This relationship is examined within a large transnational corporation (TNC) subsidiary of the information and communication technology (ICT) sector in Brasil: Motorola do Brasil during over the period from 1996 to 2006. In the international literature there is a strong debate on the extent to which innovative technological capabilities have been spreading internationally. But, the most of the studies are focused on early industrialized countries. In other words, there is still a scarcity of analysis, mainly at the firm level, from the perspective of developing countries. This dissertation supports itself in analytical basis developed in the international literature on accumulation of technological capabilities and learning in the context of developing countries. The learning processes examined in this dissertation are: (i) intra-firm learning processes; (ii) inter-firm learning processes (links between mother and sister companies); and (iii) links between the firm and other organizations of the innovation system (universities, research institutes, among others). Based on first-hand empirical evidence, qualitative and quantitative, collected on the basis of extensive fieldwork, this dissertation examines these issues with adequate level of detail and depth, in this large company in Brazil. The study results suggest that: Concerning the path of the technological capability accumulation, the firm exhibited heterogeneity in the path of accumulation of technological capabilities to distinct functions. For the functions Software Engineering and Process and Management Project the firm reached the Level 6 (Innovative Intermediate Superior), on a scale that ranges from 1 to 7; In relation to technological capability sources, the firm deliberately sought and built sources of knowledge in order to develop and sustain its innovative technological capabilities. The dissertation, thus, contributes to adding new empirical evidence to the debate on globalization of innovative capabilities from a late-industrializing perspective.

Turismo e desenvolvimento sustentáve l: o caso da Vila do Abraão

This present work has the objective to analyze the perspective of the sustainable development from the promotion of the tourism in Vila do Abraão, Ilha Grande. For this, was available the five dimensions of sustainable ¿ ecological, economic, social, space and cultural ¿ from the own words of the actors involved with the reality of the studied place. The research was applied as a study of case and had as objective to discuss the tourist¿s projects from Vila do Abraão, considered the viability of its sustainable. The discussion wasn¿t restricted to the economical aspects, but also the social-cultural and environment implications caused by tourism. The dialect method was used. Natives, residents, businesspeople, tourist, authorities, association representatives and others, were interviewed. They were questioned about negative and positive aspects from the local tourism, getting the chance to opinion. The segmented arguments of these actors made the base for new knowledge. This present dissertation arrived at some significant conclusions to the problems that represent barriers to the sustainable mentioned above. In conclusion, were set problems related to government body, whose political interest and insufficient recourses compromise the performance.

Trajetória de desenvolvimento tecnológico na indústria de transmissão de energia elétrica: a experiência das Centrais Elétricas do Norte do Brasil S.A. - ELETRONORTE

Esta dissertação estuda as implicações dos processos de aprendizagem para acumulação de competências tecnológicas no nível de firmas. Este relacionamento foi examinado nas Centrais Elétricas do Norte do Brasil S.A. - Eletronorte, ao longo dos anos de 1990 a 2003. A empresa tem sua sede administrativa em Brasília e a sua área de atuação é caracterizada pela Amazônia Legal (Acre, Amapá, Amazonas, Maranhão, Mato Grosso, Pará, Rondônia, Roraima e Tocantins). A Eletronorte é uma empresa concessionária de geração e transmissão de energia elétrica, contudo, o presente trabalho enfocou apenas as atividades de transmissão, quer dizer, a geração está fora do escopo do estudo. A acumulação de competências tecnológicas para adaptar, modificar ou criar novas tecnologias é essencial para a sobrevivência e o desempenho competitivo das empresas. Para descrever o modo e a velocidade de acumulação de competências tecnológicas na Eletronorte, foram utilizadas estruturas analíticas existentes na literatura. Entretanto, tais estruturas foram adaptadas especificamente para a indústria de transmissão de energia elétrica. A acumulação de competências foi estudada para três funções tecnológicas: "engenharia, projetos e equipamento"; "operação e manutenção"; "processos operacionais". Os processos de aprendizagem foram examinados à luz de quatro características-chave: variedade, intensidade, funcionamento e interação. Durante o período de 1990 e 2003, a empresa construiu e acumulou diferentes níveis de competências tecnológicas nas funções estudadas. Com base nas evidências empíricas, verificou-se que a partir de 1995, quando a empresa passou a coordenar sistematicamente esforços para adquirir e converter conhecimentos do nível individual para o nível organizacional, a construção de capacitação tecnológica foi acelerada. Contudo, a partir do ano de 2000, em que foram diminuídos investimentos no setor elétrico brasileiro, o processo de capacitação tecnológica permaneceu estagnado. Assim, aliando-se a estudos anteriores realizados para outros tipos de indústria, a conclusão deste estudo sugere que o modo e a velocidade com que a firma acumulou capacitação tecnológica podem ser explicados pelos processos de aprendizagem (aquisição interna e externa, socialização e codificação do conhecimento) e pelas características-chave de como esses foram utilizados ao longo do tempo (variedade, intensidade, funcionamento e interação).

Análise de projetos de investimentos : uma abordagem teórico-prática

The objective of this work is to search a real case of capital budgeting, relating the practical technical aspects of the elaboration of project, with theoretical referential and following secondary objectives: (i) to analyze the relations established between the bibliographical material and the found practical technical problems of capital budgeting in the enterprise; (ii) to search and to describe the necessary pacing to the economic and financial elaboration of an project, from the prospecting of the demand, the projection of revenues and expenditures and the evaluation of the necessary investments to its development; (iii) to relate and to exemplify the influences of the restrictions presented for the methods of capital budgeting, correlating the practical theoretical referential with the enterprise; (iv) to analyze the yield of the investment project, (v) to verify the influence of the financing, on the yield of the project; and, finally, (vi) to demonstrate the choice process among some alternatives of supply, when used as tools of aid to the purchase decision, the methods of the Internal Tax of Return and the Net Present Value. To the end of the study one concluded that the methods of the Internal Tax of Return and the Net Present Value are powerful tools in the yield evaluation and viability of investments projects. However, to only understand the methods through what they teach in books is not enough for the daily practical of capital budgeting. Literature starts from two basic points: (i) the investments analyst dominates all the countable revenues, expenditures, and investments concepts.(ii) the numerical examples are simple and easy to understand, to infer its practical applications is a contouring question to be raised and passed by the analyst. This study intends to show the conjunction of the bibliography with the practical one, therefore, from the instant that demonstrates the countable concept of the prescription, it also explains as it was constituted from the calculation of the demand, until its inclusion in the project. Thus, searching concepts of revenues, expenditures, depreciation and capital assets, disclosing its constitution and, over all, the application inside of the project, it all takes the analyst to the final part of the process, that consists in the determination of the numerical calculations, allowing to dedicate more time to the difficult task to interpret the data. Finally, understood the analysis of the economic viability of the project, the study guides the purchase of the equipment under the economic-financial point of view.

A dinâmica da lentidão: organizações públicas como inibidoras do desenvolvimento

O objetivo da tese é o de analisar a relação entre a dinâmica social das organizações integrantes da gestão pública e a promoção do desenvolvimento por projetos financiados por Bancos Multilaterais. Para buscar comprová-lo, realizou-se pesquisa cujo enfoque foi no PROAP-II, programa de desenvolvimento urbano financiado pelo BID. A pesquisa utilizou-se de diversos meios, como entrevistas, consulta a documentos e observação. Partindo-se da premissa de que o Estado tem papel fundamental na promoção do desenvolvimento, vê-se que grupos de interesse, dispondo de poder e via os processos democráticos, conseguem capturar o estado – principalmente porque a baixa cultura cívica no Brasil propicia tal oportunidade. Neste panorama ocorre a dinâmica social das organizações públicas, objeto da pesquisa. Os principais resultados encontrados foram a constatação do patrimonialismo, do personalismo e do formalismo na forma de se gerenciar o Programa, resultando numa atuação focada no curto prazo, caracterizada por disputas de poder, tentativa de apresentação da atuação como legítima, criação de domínio exclusivo – a feudalização organizacional, gerando fragmentação de recursos e atuação e um quadro de baixa cooperação interna. Estes elementos, por fim, tiveram impacto no desempenho do Programa pesquisado, quer seja pelas perdas de eficiência, ou resultados aquém dos possíveis, ou ainda pelo fato da atuação não ser tão pertinente quanto divulgada. Na medida, portanto, em que o desempenho do Programa é pior que o possível, sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento é menor que a potencial, o que gera a lentidão do processo de desenvolvimento, realimentando o ciclo, gerando transformações mais lentas do que as necessárias (e desejáveis). Pode-se concluir, enfim, que a maneira peculiar de funcionamento das organizações públicas, esta advinda da captura do estado e denominada dinâmica social, gera impactos negativos nos três elementos que caracterizam o desempenho de um projeto de desenvolvimento, cuja solução, supõe-se, encontra-se no incremento à governança social, haja vista a estrutura de incentivos presentes na sociedade que servem como habilitadoras do quadro encontrado.

A organização de programas e projetos ecológicos na Amazônia: um desafio para a ciência da administração

Esta tese trata da questão da racionalidade substantiva e da sua importância para projetos e programas ecológicos e de desenvolvimento sustentável. Discute alguns desses projetos localizados na região de Manaus, mostrando aspectos organizacionais de financiamento.

Estudo de metodologias de desenvolvimento de sistemas orientadas por objeto

Apresenta as bases conceituais e as técnicas propostas por alguns métodos de análise e projeto orientados por objeto. Avalia a aplicabilidade e a eficácia destes métodos, no desenvolvimento de sistemas de informações, através de um estudo de caso. Inicialmente, são avaliados os métodos propostos por Peter Coad-Edward Yordon é Grady Booch. Em seguidaI são desenvolvidos métodos combinados, integrando conceitos básicos da orientação por objetos, com métodos estruturados convencionais. Finalmente, é apresentado um estudo de caso, baseado no projeto de um sistema de informações gerenciais, desenvolvido junto a uma instituição financeira

Planejamento estratégico como prática : um estudo de caso em uma empresa organizada por projetos

O distanciamento identificado entre as teorias do campo de estratégia e organização e a prática das empresas motivou o desenvolvimento de uma abordagem de pesquisa comumente denominada “estratégia como prática”. Neste trabalho buscamos contribuir com essa nova abordagem explorando a prática de planejamento estratégico. A pesquisa se baseou num estudo de caso único exploratório em uma empresa organizada por projetos que identificou os processos de mudança na prática de planejamento estratégico do caso. Esses processos foram analisados por meio uma abordagem inspirada na teoria da estruturação de Giddens (1984), indicando que o nível adequado de formalização da prática de planejamento estratégico deve ser dado por sua estruturação na dinâmica social da organização que, por sua vez, é permeada por “lutas” entre indivíduos pela definição da noção de planejamento estratégico na empresa e, no caso estudado, sofreu a influência de dois fatores principais: (i) adoção de um discurso da “excelência”, e (ii) o papel de práticas e procedimentos de planejamento em uso.

Uma experiência na utilizacao do vbm (value based management) como ferramenta de desenvolvimento de estratégias de negócio

Esta tese baseia-se na experiência adquirida com a participação num projeto de implantação do conceito de Value Based Management em urna empresa multinacional de bens de consumo. A maior parte do material aqui comentado foi colhido durante o primeiro semestre do ano de 1995 - período em que durou o projeto - e parte durante duas semanas no início do ano, nas quais participei em Londres de um treinamento intensivo, ministrado por uma conceituada firma de consultoria internacional, sobre a teoria e prática deste novo conceito, juntamente com diversos participantes de outros projetos VBM ao redor do mundo como Estados Unidos, França, Itália, Alemanha, Inglaterra, Espanha, entre outros