948 resultados para Procesos de identificación
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690 p.
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[ES]El proyecto a realizar consiste en el desarrollo y elaboración de una hoja de procesos para mecanizado de un componente de automoción. Para ello se seleccionarán las herramientas adecuadas y calcularán los parámetros y tiempos de mecanizado
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[ES]Los constantes cambios tanto en la demanda como en la oferta y la competencia de mercado han incrementado el interés en la optimización de nuestros recursos. Son muchas las empresas que se ven sometidas a un continuo cambio tanto en el tipo de producto como en la cantidad a fabricar, para ello es necesario tener una distribución flexible y capaz de sobrevivir al paso del tiempo. El objetivo de este proyecto es obtener una lista de control mediante la que se pueda analizar la sostenibilidad de una implantación. La lista está formada por 23 indicadores mediante los cuales se logra simplificar y reflejar los aspectos más relevantes de una implantación, permitiendo la obtención de información sobre los puntos débiles y fuertes de la distribución. A través de la evaluación de los resultados, se pueden examinar distintas opciones para reducir los problemas y optimizar el proceso. Además, con el objeto de verificar la fiabilidad del planteamiento se incluye un ejemplo de aplicación sobre una implantación real y su respectivo análisis.
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[ES]El presente estudio técnico tiene por objeto desarrollar y exponer la metodología empleada en el análisis CAD/CAE de piezas de chapa conformada en troquelería así como poner de manifiesto las ventajas de dicha técnica frente a las técnicas clásicas. Para ello, en él deben figurar una descripción general de dicha metodología, los objetivos de este estudio, los pasos para alcanzarlos y una distribución en forma de cronograma de las tareas que incluye el mismo. El estudio abarca dos partes claramente diferenciadas: Descripción de un software CAD/CAE y sus múltiples beneficios en el diseño y desarrollo del producto Desarrollo y exposición de un ejemplo sencillo Los contenidos del documento se estructuran de la siguiente forma: Inicialmente, se exponen los beneficios que reporta el uso de un programa CAE en empresas de conformado de chapa. A continuación, se describen las características generales de un software de elementos finitos. Finalmente se concluye con un caso ejemplo básico que ilustra las características expuestas anteriormente.
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[ES]Este trabajo presenta un algoritmo automatizado cuyo resultado es la determinación de las ganancias óptimas del lazo de control de un mecanismo de cinemática paralela. En concreto se ha aplicado al mecanismo 5R, aunque el método es válido para cualquier otro mecanismo introduciendo el modelo mecatrónico correspondiente. Permite disponer de un procedimiento para poder elegir en un futuro la combinación de motor y reductora más apropiada para un determinado mecanismo evitando realizar adquisiciones sobredimensionadas, como ocurrió con el mecanismo en cuestión.
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En los último años el concepto clásico del Sistema Renina-Angiotensina (SRA)como un regulador de la función renal y cardiovascular ha cambiado. La identificación de nuevos componentes con diversas funciones ha ampliado el marco de actuación de este sistema. Estudios han demostrado que el SRA está involucrado en diversos procesos de reproducción masculina. En esta investigación se ha descubierto la presencia del receptor Mas de la angiotensina-(1-7) y de su mRNA en espermatozoides humanos mediante técnicas de inmunofluorescencia y RT-PCR.
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Detección y análisis de emociones en el habla de tres grabaciones reales.
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Estudio de material original y productos de degradación en Patrimonio Construido. Técnicas analíticas no destructivas. Planteamiento de posibles mecanismos de degradación.
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63 p.
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El cerámido 1-fosfato (C1P) es un potente estimulador de la proliferación celular e inhibidor de la apoptosis. Más recientemente se ha demostrado que el C1P es proinflamatorio y que además induce la migración celular. Todas estas características indican que el C1P puede estar implicado en la tumorogénesis. En el presente trabajo se estudiará si el C1P es capaz de estimular procesos implicados en la angiogénesis, o formación de nuevos vasos sanguíneos a partir de vasos preexistentes.
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[ES]La Asociación Bilbao Metrópoli-30 realizó un proceso de reflexión estratégica en el que se reconocieron una serie de valores como fundamentales para el desarrollo competitivo y sostenible de nuestro entorno, al objeto de culminar con éxito el proceso de revitalización del Bilbao Metropolitano. Este proceso ha servido para consolidar a escala internacional su modelo de desarrollo estratégico, a través del cambio de paradigma de infraestructuras a valores, haciendo consciente al conjunto de la sociedad y a sus líderes de la importancia de los valores para el desarrollo a largo plazo de las ciudades. La profesionalidad es precisamente uno de los cinco valores identificados (innovación, profesionalidad, identidad, comunidad y apertura), en la medida en que el nuevo contexto internacional de globalización de la economía, el rápido cambio tecnológico, la importancia creciente de las ciudades y la intensificación de la competencia obliga a poner el énfasis en las personas y sus valores como clave estratégica para el desarrollo futuro. Éstas no sólo son capaces de hacer y materializar proyectos, sino mucho más importante, son el germen de las ideas. La visión de futuro de nuestro entorno se nutre de un tejido humano formado por personas capaces de soñar y plantearse un futuro en comunidad, por personas con ideas, capacidad y saber hacer para llevarlas a la práctica, es decir, de profesionales que se caracterizan por tener espíritu de: buen hacer, sacrificio, riesgo y trabajo bien hecho. Así, y con el fin de trabajar en el valor de la profesionalidad, Bilbao Metrópoli-30 ha lanzado BasquePRO Elkargoak, como red de colegios profesionales que se ha aglutinado con el objetivo de trabajar de forma compartida en proyectos de interés común, en los que la suma de fuerzas les ofrece mayor articulación de la sociedad civil a la que representan, dado su papel como organizaciones con la potencialidad de acompañar a los profesionales durante todo el ciclo de su vida. En el marco de dicha colaboración, se ha desarrollado el presente estudio de Identificación de Competencias Transversales de la Excelencia Profesional en Bizkaia, contando para ello con la inestimable colaboración de María Jesús Luengo e Iñaki Periáñez pertenecientes, respectivamente, al Departamento de Evaluación de la Gestión e Innovación Empresarial, al Departamento de Economía Financiera II de la UPV/EHU y el patrocinio MAPFRE.
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La investigación, encomendada y financiada por la Dirección de Víctimas y Derechos Humanos del Gobierno Vasco (DVDH), se centra en una parcela de la victimización indirecta provocada por el terrorismo. El objetivo principal, ante un posible final del terrorismo, consiste en sondear, a título individual, las percepciones sobre la situación personal y social en 2013, de un grupo significativo de familiares, residentes en dicha comunidad, de personas asesinadas por grupos terroristas desde 1960. Se trata de conocer mediante una investigación científica, con el mayor rigor posible, su opinión sobre la evolución en el trato recibido por parte de diferentes agentes sociales, con énfasis en la administración de justicia penal y penitenciaria, y, en particular, analizar sus actitudes sobre el debate público en torno a ellas y sobre su contribución social. La consecución del objetivo principal permitirá alcanzar otros más específicos en relación con la identificación de los intereses prioritarios de las propias víctimas en futuras políticas y actividades victimales. De esta manera, se facilitará la reflexión sobre los elementos que provocan procesos de victimización secundaria, de cara a evitarlos o aminorarlos, así como los factores que facilitan a las víctimas sus procesos de recuperación, entendidos en un sentido complejo, amplio y diverso.
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El presente trabajo se centra en un análisis comparativo en varios niveles de las traducciones producidas a partir de la obra teatral Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (Albee 1962): las de Marcelo De Ridder, José Méndez y Alberto Mira, realizadas con distintos fines y en momentos histórico culturales diferenciados. Asimismo hemos integrado en la comparación la adaptación cinematográfica y los correspondientes textos audiovisuales en inglés y en español, con el fin de ofrecer una visión más inclusiva del modo en que se ha generado esta cadena textual. Para manejar el mencionado corpus, nos hemos valido de herramientas informáticas. Por un lado, el programa TRACEAligner ha resultado de gran utilidad para alinear los textos teatrales. Por otro lado, SubRip ha posibilitado la extracción del subtitulado en inglés y en español del DVD, que después hemos organizado en una tabla bitextual. A través de una metodología fundamentada en estudios de investigación relevantes, hemos examinado el corpus desde una perspectiva extratextual, macroestructural, microestructural e intersistémica. Esto nos ha permitido interrelacionar las traducciones en aspectos tan importantes como los factores contextuales que afectan a su producción, las características de las publicaciones (o del libreto inédito), la transferencia de las unidades estructurales y argumentales, la correspondencia con rasgos de distintos tipos de traducciones, los fenómenos de traducción con mayor incidencia o las adaptaciones derivadas de los procesos de censura. Gracias a la comparación de estos temas, se pueden apreciar las características distintivas de cada texto. Otro asunto que se trata a lo largo del análisis es la identificación del texto fuente de cada traducción, especialmente de la de Méndez. Hemos tratado de demostrar que Méndez parte del texto norteamericano, no de la traducción de Ridder, como se ha sugerido (Espejo 1998: 111 112). Por último, recogemos una serie de conclusiones que pretenden verter luz sobre las cuestiones planteadas en la introducción.
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315 p.
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[EN] This PhD work started in March 2010 with the support of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) under the program named “Formación de Personal Investigador” at the Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department in the Faculty of Engineering of Bilbao. The major part of the Thesis work was carried out in the mentioned department, as a member of the Sustainable Process Engineering (SuPrEn) research group. In addition, this PhD Thesis includes the research work developed during a period of 6 months at the Institut für Mikrotechnik Mainz GmbH, IMM, in Germany. During the four years of the Thesis, conventional and microreactor systems were tested for several feedstocks renewable and non-renewable, gases and liquids through several reforming processes in order to produce hydrogen. For this purpose, new catalytic formulations which showed high activity, selectivity and stability were design. As a consequence, the PhD work performed allowed the publication of seven scientific articles in peer-reviewed journals. This PhD Thesis is divided into the following six chapters described below. The opportunity of this work is established on the basis of the transition period needed for moving from a petroleum based energy system to a renewable based new one. Consequently, the present global energy scenario was detailed in Chapter 1, and the role of hydrogen as a real alternative in the future energy system was justified based on several outlooks. Therefore, renewable and non-renewable hydrogen production routes were presented, explaining the corresponding benefits and drawbacks. Then, the raw materials used in this Thesis work were described and the most important issues regarding the processes and the characteristics of the catalytic formulations were explained. The introduction chapter finishes by introducing the concepts of decentralized production and process intensification with the use of microreactors. In addition, a small description of these innovative reaction systems and the benefits that entailed their use were also mentioned. In Chapter 2 the main objectives of this Thesis work are summarized. The development of advanced reaction systems for hydrogen rich mixtures production is the main objective. In addition, the use and comparison between two different reaction systems, (fixed bed reactor (FBR) and microreactor), the processing of renewable raw materials, the development of new, active, selective and stable catalytic formulations, and the optimization of the operating conditions were also established as additional partial objectives. Methane and natural gas (NG) steam reforming experimental results obtained when operated with microreactor and FBR systems are presented in Chapter 3. For these experiments nickel-based (Ni/Al2O3 and Ni/MgO) and noble metal-based (Pd/Al2O3 and Pt/Al2O3) catalysts were prepared by wet impregnation and their catalytic activity was measured at several temperatures, from 973 to 1073 K, different S/C ratios, from 1.0 to 2.0, and atmospheric pressure. The Weight Hourly Space Velocity (WHSV) was maintained constant in order to compare the catalytic activity in both reaction systems. The results obtained showed a better performance of the catalysts operating in microreactors. The Ni/MgO catalyst reached the highest hydrogen production yield at 1073 K and steam-to-carbon ratio (S/C) of 1.5 under Steam methane Reforming (SMR) conditions. In addition, this catalyst also showed good activity and stability under NG reforming at S/C=1.0 and 2.0. The Ni/Al2O3 catalyst also showed high activity and good stability and it was the catalyst reaching the highest methane conversion (72.9 %) and H2out/CH4in ratio (2.4) under SMR conditions at 1073 K and S/C=1.0. However, this catalyst suffered from deactivation when it was tested under NG reforming conditions. Regarding the activity measurements carried out with the noble metal-based catalysts in the microreactor systems, they suffered a very quick deactivation, probably because of the effects attributed to carbon deposition, which was detected by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). When the FBR was used no catalytic activity was measured with the catalysts under investigation, probably because they were operated at the same WHSV than the microreactors and these WHSVs were too high for FBR system. In Chapter 4 biogas reforming processes were studied. This chapter starts with an introduction explaining the properties of the biogas and the main production routes. Then, the experimental procedure carried out is detailed giving concrete information about the experimental set-up, defining the parameters measured, specifying the characteristics of the reactors used and describing the characterization techniques utilized. Each following section describes the results obtained from activity testing with the different catalysts prepared, which is subsequently summarized: Section 4.3: Biogas reforming processes using γ-Al2O3 based catalysts The activity results obtained by several Ni-based catalysts and a bimetallic Rh-Ni catalyst supported on magnesia or alumina modified with oxides like CeO2 and ZrO2 are presented in this section. In addition, an alumina-based commercial catalyst was tested in order to compare the activity results measured. Four different biogas reforming processes were studied using a FBR: dry reforming (DR), biogas steam reforming (BSR), biogas oxidative reforming (BOR) and tri-reforming (TR). For the BSR process different steam to carbon ratios (S/C) from 1.0 to 3.0, were tested. In the case of BOR process the oxygen-to-methane (O2/CH4) ratio was varied from 0.125 to 0.50. Finally, for TR processes different S/C ratios from 1.0 to 3.0, and O2/CH4 ratios of 0.25 and 0.50 were studied. Then, the catalysts which achieved high activity and stability were impregnated in a microreactor to explore the viability of process intensification. The operation with microreactors was carried out under the best experimental conditions measured in the FBR. In addition, the physicochemical characterization of the fresh and spent catalysts was carried out by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES), N2 physisorption, H2 chemisorption, Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR), SEM, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray powder Diffraction (XRD). Operating with the FBR, conversions close to the ones predicted by thermodynamic calculations were obtained by most of the catalysts tested. The Rh-Ni/Ce-Al2O3 catalyst obtained the highest hydrogen production yield in DR. In BSR process, the Ni/Ce-Al2O3 catalyst achieved the best activity results operating at S/C=1.0. In the case of BOR process, the Ni/Ce-Zr-Al2O3 catalyst showed the highest reactants conversion values operating at O2/CH4=0.25. Finally, in the TR process the Rh-Ni/Ce-Al2O3 catalyst obtained the best results operating at S/C=1.0 and O2/CH4=0.25. Therefore, these three catalysts were selected to be coated onto microchannels in order to test its performance under BOR and TR processes conditions. Although the operation using microreactors was carried out under considerably higher WHSV, similar conversions and yields as the ones measured in FBR were measured. Furthermore, attending to other measurements like Turnover Frequency (TOF) and Hydrogen Productivity (PROD), the values calculated for the catalysts tested in microreactors were one order of magnitude higher. Thus, due to the low dispersion degree measured by H2-chemisorption, the Ni/Ce-Al2O3 catalyst reached the highest TOF and PROD values. Section 4.4: Biogas reforming processes using Zeolites L based catalysts In this section three type of L zeolites, with different morphology and size, were synthesized and used as catalyst support. Then, for each type of L zeolite three nickel monometallic and their homologous Rh-Ni bimetallic catalysts were prepared by the wetness impregnation method. These catalysts were tested using the FBR under DR process and different conditions of BSR (S/C ratio of 1.0 and 2.0), BOR (O2/CH4 ratio of 0.25 and 0.50) and TR processes (at S/C=1.0 and O2/CH4=0.25). The characterization of these catalysts was also carried out by using the same techniques mentioned in the previous section. Very high methane and carbon dioxide conversion values were measured for almost all the catalysts under investigation. The experimental results evidenced the better catalytic behavior of the bimetallic catalysts as compared to the monometallic ones. Comparing the catalysts behavior with regards to their morphology, for the BSR process the Disc catalysts were the most active ones at the lowest S/C ratio tested. On the contrary, the Cylindrical (30–60 nm) catalysts were more active under BOR conditions at O2/CH4=0.25 and TR processes. By the contrary, the Cylindrical (1–3 µm) catalysts showed the worst activity results for both processes. Section 4.5: Biogas reforming processes using Na+ and Cs+ doped Zeolites LTL based catalysts A method for the synthesis of Linde Type L (LTL) zeolite under microwave-assisted hydrothermal conditions and its behavior as a support for heterogeneously catalyzed hydrogen production is described in this section. Then, rhodium and nickel-based bimetallic catalysts were prepared in order to be tested by DR process and BOR process at O2/CH4=0.25. Moreover, the characterization of the catalysts under investigation was also carried out. Higher activities were achieved by the catalysts prepared from the non-doped zeolites, Rh-Ni/D and Rh-Ni/N, as compared to the ones supported on Na+ and Cs+ exchanged supports. However, the differences between them were not very significant. In addition, the Na+ and Cs+ incorporation affected mainly to the Disc catalysts. Comparing the results obtained by these catalysts with the ones studied in the section 4.4, in general worst results were achieved under DR conditions and almost the same results when operated under BOR conditions. In Chapter 5 the ethylene glycol (EG) as feed for syngas production by steam reforming (SR) and oxidative steam reforming (OSR) was studied by using microchannel reactors. The product composition was determined at a S/C of 4.0, reaction temperatures between 625°C and 725°C, atmospheric pressure and Volume Hourly Space Velocities (VHSV) between 100 and 300 NL/(gcath). This work was divided in two sections. The first one corresponds to the introduction of the main and most promising EG production routes. Then, the new experimental procedure is detailed and the information about the experimental set-up and the measured parameters is described. The characterization was carried out using the same techniques as for the previous chapter. Then, the next sections correspond to the catalytic activity and catalysts characterization results. Section 5.3: xRh-cm and xRh-np catalysts for ethylene glycol reforming Initially, catalysts with different rhodium loading, from 1.0 to 5.0 wt. %, and supported on α-Al2O3 were prepared by two different preparation methods (conventional impregnation and separate nanoparticle synthesis). Then, the catalysts were compared regarding their measured activity and selectivity, as well as the characterization results obtained before and after the activity tests carried out. The samples prepared by a conventional impregnation method showed generally higher activity compared to catalysts prepared from Rh nanoparticles. By-product formation of species such as acetaldehyde, ethane and ethylene was detected, regardless if oxygen was added to the feed or not. Among the catalysts tested, the 2.5Rh-cm catalyst was considered the best one. Section 5.4: 2.5Rh-cm catalyst support modification with CeO2 and La2O3 In this part of the Chapter 5, the catalyst showing the best performance in the previous section, the 2.5Rh-Al2O3 catalyst, was selected in order to be improved. Therefore, new Rh based catalysts were designed using α-Al2O3 and being modified this support with different contents of CeO2 or La2O3 oxides. All the catalysts containing additives showed complete conversion and selectivities close to the equilibrium in both SR and OSR processes. In addition, for these catalysts the concentrations measured for the C2H4, CH4, CH3CHO and C2H6 by-products were very low. Finally, the 2.5Rh-20Ce catalyst was selected according to its catalytic activity and characterization results in order to run a stability test, which lasted more than 115 hours under stable operation. The last chapter, Chapter 6, summarizes the main conclusions achieved throughout this Thesis work. Although very high reactant conversions and rich hydrogen mixtures were obtained using a fixed bed reaction system, the use of microreactors improves the key issues, heat and mass transfer limitations, through which the reforming reactions are intensified. Therefore, they seem to be a very interesting and promising alternative for process intensification and decentralized production for remote application.