Unconfined shear strength of compacted unsaturated plastic soils

A central goal in unsaturated soil mechanics research is to create a smooth transition between traditional soil mechanics approaches and an approach that is applicable to unsaturated soils. Undrained shear strength and the liquidity index of reconstituted or remoulded saturated soils are consistently correlated, which has been demonstrated by many studies. In the liquidity index range from 1 (at w(l)) to 0 (at w(p)), the shear strength ranges from approximately 2 kPa to 200 kPa. Similarly, for compacted soil, the shear strength at the plastic limit ranges from 150 kPa to 250 kPa. When compacted at their optimum water content, most soils have a suction that ranges from 20 kPa to 500 kPa; however, in the field, compacted materials are subjected to drying and wetting, which affect their initial suction and as a consequence their shear strength. Unconfined shear tests were performed on five compacted tropical soils and kaolin. Specimens were tested in the as-compacted condition, and also after undergoing drying or wetting. The test results and data from prior literature were examined, taking into account the roles of void ratio, suction, and relative water content. An interpretation of the phenomena that are involved in the development of the undrained shear strength of unsaturated soils in the contexts of soil water retention and Atterberg limits is presented, providing a practical view of the behaviour of compacted soil based on the concept of unsaturated soil. Finally, an empirical correlation is presented that relates the unsaturated state of compacted soils to the unconfined shear strength.

Proceedings of the Eleventh Annual Biochemical Engineering Symposium

This is the eleventh in a series of symposia devoted to talks by students on their biochemical engineering research. The first, third, fifth, and ninth were at Kansas State University in Manhattan; the second and fourth were at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln; the sixth was in Kansas City in conjunction with the 8lst American Institute of Chemical Engineers National Meeting; the seventh and the tenth were at Iowa State University in Ames; and the eighth was held at the University of Missouri–Columbia. ContentsPretreatment of Wheat Straw for Cellulose Hydrolysis, M. M. Gharpuray, Yong-Hyun Lee, and L. T. Fan, Kansas State University Sugar Production During Autohydrolysis of Wheat Straw, Robert A. Lewis, Colorado State University An Alkaline Copper Reagent for Use in Automated Analysis, Alfred R. Fratzke, Iowa State University Sugars Produced During Extrusion Processing of Corn, Ruth S. Korn, Colorado State University Characterization and Comparison of Renewable Energy Resources, Snehal A. Patel, Kansas State University Anaerobic Digestion of Alcohol Stillage, Laureen K. Binder, Colorado State University Estimation of Growth Yield and Maintenance Parameters, Bamidele 0. Solomon and Mehmet D. Oner, Kansas State University Immobilization of Glucoamylase Using TiCl4 and Organic Titanates, Robert E. Lesch, Iowa State University Solvent Toxicity in the Acetone-Butanol Fermentation, Jeanine M. Costa, Colorado State University

Proceedings of the 10th Annual Biochemical Engineering Symposium

This the tenth in a series of symposia devoted to talks by students on their biochemical engineering research. The first, third, fifth, and ninth were at Kansas State University in Manhattan, the second and fourth were at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, the sixth was in Kansas City in conjunction with the 81st American Institute of Chemical Engineers National Meeting, the seventh was at Iowa State University in Ames, and the eighth was held at the University of Missouri–Columbia. Contents"Combined Autohydrolysis-Organosolv Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Materials," Robert A. Lewis, Colorado State University "An Investigation of Cellulase Activity Assays," Minhhuong Nguyen, University of Missouri–Columbia "Action Pattern of a Xylobiohydrolase from Aspergillus niger," Mary M. Frederick, Iowa State University "Estimation of Heats of Combustion of Biomass from Elemental Analysis Using Available Electron Concepts," Snehal A. Patel, Kansas State University "Design of a Wheat Straw to Ethanol Conversion Facility," Michael M. Meagher, Colorado State University "Effects of Salt, Heat, and Physical Form on the Fermentation of Bananas," Carl Drewel, University of Missouri–Columbia "Gas Hold-up in the Downflow Section of a Split Cylinder Airlift Column," Vasanti Deshpande, Kansas State University "Measurement of Michaelis Constants for Soluble and Immobilized Glucoamylase," Robert A. Lesch, Iowa State University "Kinetics of Alkaline Oxidation and Degradation of Sugars," Alfred R. Fratzke, Iowa State University "Stability of Cereal Protein During Microbial Growth on Grain Dust," Bamidele O. Solomon, Kansas State University

Proceedings of the 13th Annual Biochemical Engineering Symposium

The symposium reported here was the thirteenth of a series devoted to talks by students on their biochemical engineering research. The first, third, fifth, ninth, and twelfth were at Kansas State University, the second and fourth were at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln, the sixth was in Kansas City and was hosted by Iowa State University, the seventh and tenth were at Iowa State, and the eighth and eleventh were at the University of Missouri–Columbia and Colorado State University, respectively. All symposia have been followed by proceedings edited by faculty of the host institution. Because final publication usually takes place elsewhere, papers here are brief, and often cover research in progress. ContentSequential Utilization of Mixed Sugars by Clostridium acetobutylicum, B. Hong, N. H. Choi, and L. T. Fan, Kansas State University The Effects of Dilution Rate on the Kinetics. of Anaerobic Acidogenesis, C. J. Huang, Colorado State University Ethanol Production by Zymomonas mobilis in Anaerobic Glucose-Limited Culture: A Yield Study, Mehmet D. Oner, Kansas State University Hydrolysis of Cellulosics by Enterobacteria, Michael R. Sierks, Iowa State University The Cellulase System of Chaetomium cellulolyticum, Nikhil Mehta, Colorado State University DNA Measurement as a Tool for Estimating Biomass Concentration in the Presence of Interfering Solids, Bamidele 0. Solomon, Kansas State University The Effect of Cellulose Crystallinity on Enzymatic Hydrolysis, Maria S. Bertran, Colorado State University High Performance Liquid Chromatography of Di- and Trisaccharides, Michael M. Meagher, Iowa State University Dynamics of Bubble Size .Distributions in Air-Lift Fermentors, c. H. Lee and Snehal A. Patel, Kansas State University A Thermal Coagulation Study of Alfalfa Leaf Proteins by Differential Scanning Calorimeter, Khalif Ahmed and Bruce Dale, Colorado State University Thermodynamic Efficiency of Photoautotrophic Growth, Hyeon Y. Lee, Kansas State University

Proceedings of the Seventeenth Annual Biochemical Engineering Symposium

This is the seventeenth of a series of symposia devoted to talks by students about their biochemical engineering research. The first, third, fifth, ninth, twelfth, and sixteenth were at Kansas State University, the second and fourth were at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln, the sixth was in Kansas City and was hosted by Iowa State University, the seventh, tenth, thirteenth, and seventeenth were at Iowa State University, the eighth and fourteenth were at the University of Missouri–Columbia, and the eleventh and fifteenth were at Colorado State University. Next year's symposium will be at the University of Colorado. Symposium proceedings are edited by faculty of the host institution. Because final publication usually takes place elsewhere, papers here are brief, and often cover work in progress. ContentsThe Effect of Polymer Dosage Conditions on the Properties of ProteinPolyelectrolyte Precipitates, K. H. Clark and C. E. Glatz, Iowa State University An Immobilized Enzyme Reactor/Separator for the Hydrolysis of Casein by Subtilisin Carlsberg, A. J. Bream, R. A. Yoshisato, and G. R. Carmichael, University of Iowa Cell Density Measurements in Hollow Fiber Bioreactors, Thomas Blute, Colorado State University The Hydrodynamics in an Air-Lift Reactor, Peter Sohn, George Y. Preckshot, and Rakesh K. Bajpai, University of Missouri–Columbia Local Liquid Velocity Measurements in a Split Cylinder Airlift Column, G. Travis Jones, Kansas State University Fluidized Bed Solid Substrate Trichoderma reesei Fermentation, S. Adisasmito, H. N. Karim, and R. P. Tengerdy, Colorado State University The Effect of 2,4-D Concentration on the Growth of Streptanthus tortuosis Cells in Shake Flask and Air-Lift Permenter Culture, I. C. Kong, R. D. Sjolund, and R. A. Yoshisato, University of Iowa Protein Engineering of Aspergillus niger Glucoamylase, Michael R. Sierks, Iowa State University Structured Kinetic Modeling of Hybidoma Growth and Monoclonal Antibody Production in Suspension Cultures, Brian C. Batt and Dhinakar S. Kampala, University of Colorado Modelling and Control of a Zymomonas mobilis Fermentation, John F. Kramer, M. N. Karim, and J. Linden, Colorado State University Modeling of Brettanomyces clausenii Fermentation on Mixtures of Glucose and Cellobiose, Max T. Bynum and Dhinakar S. Kampala, University of Colorado, Karel Grohmann and Charles E. Yyman, Solar Energy Research Institute Master Equation Modeling and Monte Carlo Simulation of Predator-Prey Interactions, R. 0. Fox, Y. Y. Huang, and L. T. Fan, Kansas State University Kinetics and Equilibria of Condensation Reactions Between Two Different Monosaccharides Catalyzed by Aspergillus niger Glucoamylase, Sabine Pestlin, Iowa State University Biodegradation of Metalworking Fluids, S. M. Lee, Ayush Gupta, L. E. Erickson, and L. T. Fan, Kansas State University Redox Potential, Toxicity and Oscillations in Solvent Fermentations, Kim Joong, Rakesh Bajpai, and Eugene L. Iannotti, University of Missouri–Columbia Using Structured Kinetic Models for Analyzing Instability in Recombinant Bacterial Cultures, William E. Bentley and Dhinakar S. Kompala, University of Colorado

Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Biochemical Engineering Symposium

This is the twenty-second of a series of symposia devoted to talks and posters by students about their biochemical engineering research. The first, third, fifth, ninth, twelfth, sixteenth, and twenti~th were hosted by Kansas State University, the second and fourth by the University of Nebraska- Lincoln, the sixth, seventh, tenth, thirteenth, seventeenth, and twenty-second by Iowa State University, the eighth, fourteenth, and nineteenth by the University of Missouri-Columbia, the eleventh, fifteenth, and twenty-first by Colorado State University, and the eighteenth by the University of Colorado. Next year's symposium will be at the University of Oklahoma. Symposium proceedings are edited and issued by faculty of the host institution. Because final publication usually takes place in refereed journals, articles included here are brief and often cover work in progress. ContentsC. A. Baldwin, J.P. McDonald, and L. E. Erickson, Kansas State University. Effect of Hydrocarbon Phase on Kinetic and Transport Limitations for Bioremediation of Microporous Soil J. C. Wang, S. K. Banerji, and Rakesh Bajpai, University of Missouri-Columbia. Migration of PCP in Soil-Columns in Presence of a Second Organic Phase Cheng-Hsien Hsu and Roger G. Harrison, University of Oklahoma. Bacterial Leaching of Zinc and Copper from Mining Wastes James A. Searles, Paul Todd, and Dhinakar S. Kompala, University of Colorado. Suspension Culture of Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells Utilizing Inclined Sedimentation Ron Beyerinck and Eric H. Dunlop, Colorado State University. The Effect of Feed Zone Turbulence as Measured by Laser Doppler Velocimetry on Baker's Yeast Metabolism in a Chemostat Paul Li-Hong Yeh, GraceY. Sun, Gary A. Weisman, and Rakesh Bajpai, University of Missouri-Columbia. Effect of Medium Constituents upon Membrane Composition of Insect Cells R. Shane Gold, M. M. Meagher, R. Hutkins, and T. Conway, University of Nebraska-Lincoin. Ethanol Tolerance and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Lactobacilli John Sargantanis and M. N. Karim, Colorado State University. Application of Kalman Filter and Adaptive Control in Solid Substrate Fermentation D. Vrana, M. Meagher, and R. Hutkins, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. Product Recovery Optimization in the ABE Fermentation Kalyan R. Tadikonda and Robert H. Davis, University of Colorado. Cell Separations Using Targeted Monoclonal Antibodies Against Surface Proteins Meng H. Heng and Charles E. Glatz, Iowa State University. Charged Fusion for Selective Recovery of B-Galactosidase from Cell Extract Using Hollow Fiber Ion-Exchange Membrane Adsorption Hsiu-Mei Chen, Peter J. Reilly, and Clark Ford, Iowa State University. Site-Directed Mutagenesis to Enhance Thermostability of Glucoamylase from Aspergillus: A Rational Approach P. Tuitemwong, L. E. Erickson, and D. Y. C. Fung, Kansas State University. Applications of Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Fermentation on the Reduction of Flatulent Sugars in the Rapid Hydration Hydrothermal Cooked Soy Milk Sanjeev Redkar and Robert H. Davis, University of Colorado. Crossflow Microfiltration of Yeast Suspensions Linda Henk and James C. Linden, Colorado State University, and Irving C. Anderson, Iowa State University. Evaluation of Sorghum Ensilage as an Ethanol Feedstock Marc Lipovitch and James C. Linden, Colorado State University. Stability and Biomass Feedstock Pretreatability for Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation Ali Demirci, Anthony L. Pometto Ill, and Kenneth E. Johnson, Iowa State University. Application of Biofilm Reactors in Lactic Acid Fermentation Michael K. Dowd, Peter I. Reilly, and WalterS. Trahanovsky, Iowa State University. Low Molecular-Weight Organic Composition of Ethanol Stillage from Corn Craig E. Forney, Meng H. Heng, John R. Luther, Mark Q. Niederauer, and Charles E. Glatz, Iowa State University. Enhancement of Protein Separation Using Genetic Engineering J. F. Shimp, J. C. Tracy, E. Lee, L. C. Davis, and L. E. Erickson, Kansas State University. Modeling Contaminant Transport, Biodegradation and Uptake by Plants in the Rhizosphere Xiaoqing Yang, L. E. Erickson, and L. T. Fan, Kansas State University. Modeling of Dispersive-Convective Characteristics in Bioremediation of Contaminated Soil Jan Johansson and Rakesh Bajpai, University of Missouri-Columbia. Fouling of Membranes J. M. Wang, S. K. Banerji, and R. K. Bajpai, University of Missouri-Columbia. Migration of Sodium-Pentachorophenol (Na-PCP) in Unsaturated and Saturated Soil-Columns J. Sweeney and M. Meagher, University of Nebraska-Lincoln. The Purification of Alpha-D-Glucuronidase from Trichoderma reesei

Proceedings of the Twenty-Fifth Annual Biochemical Engineering Symposium

The Annual Biochemical Engineering Symposium Series started in 1970 when Professors Larry E. Erickson (Kansas State University) and Peter J. Reilly (then with University of Nebraska-Lincoln) got together in Manhattan, KS along with their students for a half-day powwow and technical presentation by their students. Ever since then, it has been a forum for Biochemical Engineering students in the heartland of USA to present their research to their colleagues in the form of talks and posters. The institutions actively involved with this annual symposium include Colorado State University, Kansas State University, Iowa State University, University of Colorado, University of Kansas, University of Missouri-Columbia, and University of Oklahoma. The University of lowa and University of Nebraska-Lincoln have also participated in the conference in recent years. The host institutions for the different symposia have been: Kansas State University (1, 3, 5, 9, 12, 16, 20), Iowa State University (6, 7, 10, 13, 17, 22), University of Missouri-Columbia (8, 14, 19, 25), Colorado State University (II, 15, 21), University of Colorado (18, 24), University of Nebraska-Lincoln (2, 4), University of Oklahoma (23). The next symposium will be held at Kansas State University. Proceedings of the Symposium are edited by faculty of the host institution and include manuscripts written and submitted by the presenters (students). These often include works-in-progress and final publication usually takes place in refereed journals. ContentsPatrick C. Gilcrease and Vincent G. Murphy, Colorado State University. Use of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) As A Nitrogen Source By A Pseudomonas florescens Species Under Aerobic Conditions. Marulidharan Narayanan, Lawrence C. Davis, and Larry E. Erickson, Kansas State University. Biodegradation Studies of Chlorinated Organic Pollutants in a Chamber in the Presence of Alfalfa Plants. S.K. Santharam, L.E. Erickson, and L.T. Fan, Kansas State University.Surfactant-Enhanced Remediation of a Non-Aqueous Phase Contaminant in Soil. Barry Vant-Hull, Larry Gold, and Robert H. Davis, University of Colorado.The Binding of T7 RNA Polymerase to Double-Stranded RNA. Jeffrey A. Kern and Robert H. Davis, University of Colorado.Improvement of RNA Transcription Yield Using a Fed-Batch Enzyme Reactor. G. Szakacs, M. Pecs, J. Sipocz, I. Kaszas, S.R. Deecker, J.C. Linden, R.P. Tengerdy, Colorado State University.Bioprocessing of Sweet Sorghum With In Situ Produced Enzymes. Brad Forlow and Matthias Nollert, University of Oklahoma.The Effect of Shear Stress ad P-selectin Site Density on the Rolling Velocity of White Blood Cells. Martin C. Heller and Theodore W. Randolph, University of Colorado.The Effects of Plyethylene Glycol and Dextran on the Lyophilization of Human Hemoglobin. LaToya S. Jones and Theodore W. Randolph, University of Colorado.Purification of Recombinant Hepatitis B Vaccine: Effect of Virus/Surfactant Interactions. Ching-Yuan Lee, Michael G. Sportiello, Stephen Cape, Sean Ferree, Paul Todd, Craig E. Kundrot, and Cindy Barnes, University of Colorado.Application of Osmotic Dewatering to the Crystallization of Oligonucleotides for Crystallography. Xueou Deng, L.E. Erickson, and D.Y.C. Fung, Kansas State University.Production of Protein-Rich Beverages from Cheese Whey and Soybean by rapid Hydration Hydrothermal Cooking. Pedro M. Coutinho, Michael K. Dowd, and Peter J. Reilly, Iowa State University.Automated Docking of Glucoamylase Substrates and Inhibitors. J. Johansson and R.K. Bajpai, University of Missouri.Adsorption of Albumin on Polymeric Microporous Membranes.

Comparative study of breakwater crown wall – calculation methods

An investigation was undertaken consisting of a state-of-the-art and comparative analysis of currently available methods for calculating the structural stability of wave walls in sloping breakwaters. A total of six design schemes are addressed. The conditions under which the formulations and ranges of validity are explicitly indicated by their authors, are given. The lack of definition in parameters to be used and aspects not taken into account in their investigations are discussed and the results of this analysis are given in a final table.

News in engineering education in Spain effective from 2010 in presence of external changes and mixed crisis, looking mostly to agro and civil engineers.

The engineering careers models were diverse in Europe, and are adopting now in Spain the Bolonia process for European Universities. Separated from older Universities, that are in part technically active, Civil Engineering (Caminos, Canales y Puertos) started at end of 18th century in Spain adopting the French models of Upper Schools for state civil servants with exam at entry. After 1800 intense wars, to conserve forest regions Ingenieros de Montes appeared as Upper School, and in 1855 also the Ingenieros Agrónomos to push up related techniques and practices. Other Engineers appeared as Upper Schools but more towards private factories. These ES got all adapted Lower Schools of Ingeniero Tecnico. Recently both grew much in number and evolved, linked also to recognized Professions. Spanish society, into European Community, evolved across year 2000, in part highly well, but with severe discordances, that caused severe youth unemployment with 2008-2011 crisis. With Bolonia process high formal changes step in from 2010-11, accepted with intense adaptation. The Lower Schools are changing towards the Upper Schools, and both that have shifted since 2010-11 various 4-years careers (Grado), some included into the precedent Professions, and diverse Masters. Acceptation of them to get students has started relatively well, and will evolve, and acceptation of new grades for employment in Spain, Europe or outside will be essential. Each Grado has now quite rigid curricula and programs, MOODLE was introduced to connect pupils, some specific uses of Personal Computers are taught in each subject. Escuela de Agronomos centre, reorganized with its old name in its precedent buildings at entrance of Campus Moncloa, offers Grados of Agronomic Engineering and Science for various public and private activities for agriculture, Alimentary Engineering for alimentary activities and control, Agro-Environmental Engineering more related to environment activities, and in part Biotechnology also in laboratories in Campus Monte-Gancedo for Biotechnology of Plants and Computational Biotechnology. Curricula include Basics, Engineering, Practices, Visits, English, ?project of end of career?, Stays. Some masters will conduce to specific professional diploma, list includes now Agro-Engineering, Agro-Forestal Biotechnology, Agro and Natural Resources Economy, Complex Physical Systems, Gardening and Landscaping, Rural Genie, Phytogenetic Resources, Plant Genetic Resources, Environmental Technology for Sustainable Agriculture, Technology for Human Development and Cooperation.

Discussion: Comparative study of breakwater crown wall - calculation methods

This paper presents an extensive and useful comparison of existing formulas to estimate wave forces on crown walls. The paper also provides valuable insights into crown wall behaviour, suggesting the use of formulas for prior sizing and recommending, in any case, tests on a physical model in order to confirm the final design. The authors helpfully advise to use more than one method to obtain results closer to reality, always taking into account the test conditions under which each formula was developed

Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

v. 4 (1886-1888)

Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

v. 2 (1882-1884)

Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

v. 1 (1880-1882)

Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington.

v. 24 (1911)