948 resultados para Pro-Am


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Bei ordnungsgemäßer Durchführung ist aus wissenschaftlicher Sicht gegen eine maßvolle Industriefischerei auch in der Nordsee nichts einzuwenden. Wichtige Kriterien sind allerdimgs, dass die genutzten Bestände wissenschaftlich überwacht werden und negative Effekte auf das Nahrungsnetz vermieden werden.

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The AM CVn systems are a rare class of ultra-compact astrophysical binaries. With orbital periods of under an hour and as short as five minutes, they are among the closest known binary star systems and their evolution has direct relevance to the type Ia supernova rate and the white dwarf binary population. However, their faint and rare nature has made population studies of these systems difficult and several studies have found conflicting results.

I undertook a survey for AM CVn systems using the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) astrophysical synoptic survey by exploiting the "outbursts" these systems undergo. Such events result in an increase in luminosity by a factor of up to two-hundred and are detectable in time-domain photometric data of AM CVn systems. My search resulted in the discovery of eight new systems, over 20% of the current known population. More importantly, this search was done in a systematic fashion, which allows for a population study properly accounting for biases.

Apart from the discovery of new systems, I used the time-domain data from the PTF and other synoptic surveys to better understand the long-term behavior of these systems. This analysis of the photometric behavior of the majority of known AM CVn systems has shown changes in their behavior at longer time scales than have previously been observed. This has allowed me to find relationships between the outburst properties of an individual system and its orbital period.

Even more importantly, the systematically selected sample together with these properties have allowed me to conduct a population study of the AM CVn systems. I have shown that the latest published estimates of the AM CVn system population, a factor of fifty below theoretical estimates, are consistent with the sample of systems presented here. This is particularly noteworthy since my population study is most sensitive to a different orbital period regime than earlier surveys. This confirmation of the population density will allow the AM CVn systems population to be used in the study of other areas of astrophysics.

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On 31 Oecember 1992, the Institut für Seefischerei Hamburg (ISH) will dissolve its branch of systematic ichthyology at the Zoologieal Museum Hamburg University. Remaining ISH ichthyology staff and facilities will move back in January 1993 to Institut für Seefischerei headquarters in Palmaille 9, D-·2000 Hamburg 50 (Tel. 040·389050, Fax 040·38905 129). The research field systematic ichthyology will not be continued at ISH. The ISH fish collection will be handed over to the Zoological Museum of Hamburg University (ZMH) as future responsible holder from 1 January 1993 onward. Loan requests for former ISH material should be addressed from January 1993 on only to: Prof. Dr. H. Wilkens, Kustos Ichthyologie, Zoological Museum der Universität, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D·2000 Hamburg 13 (Tel. 040·4123 3870, Fax 040·4123 3937). A couple of months will be needed before requests for loan of former ISH holdings can be handled again. It should, however, be noted that even for a longer period there may be problems in serving loan requests promptly due to logistic difficulties and shortage of staff at the ZMH ichthyology department.

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Im Rahmen des Internationalen Jungfischprogramms des ICES untersuchten von Januar bis März 1991 Forschungsschiffe mehrerer Nationen die Jungtischbestände der Nordsee. FFS "Walther Hcrwig" beteiligte sich vom 13. Januar bis 15. Februar an diesen Untersuchungen.

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Seit den vierziger Jahren ist bekannt, dass in der Irminger See und nordwestlich vom Reykjanes-Rücken (ICES-Gebiet XIV b und teilweise XII) ein Rotbarschbestand anzutreffen ist, der wegen seiner pelagischen Lebensweise auch als "ozeanischer Bestand" bezeichnet wird.

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Seit 1978 wird im Bereich der Nordsee und der westbritischen Gewässer auf Vorschlag französischer Fischereibiologen ein besonderer Grundschleppnetztyp als Standardgerät für Forschungsfänge eingesetzt. Sein Name ist GOV (eine Abkürzung für eine seiner wichtigen Eigenschaften: Grande Ouverture Verticala = große Öffnungshöhe). Die Eiführung erfolgte in den Bestandskundlichen Gruppen des Internationalen Rats für Meeresforschung (ICES) ohne Einschaltung des für die Fragen der Festsetzung eines Standardgeräts eigendlich zuständigen Komitees für Fangtechnik (Fish Capture Committee). Über diesen Verzicht auf fachlichen Rat wäre hinwegzusehen, wenn es nicht dauernde Probleme und eine überdurchschnittliche Schadenshäufigkeit mit diesem Fanggerät gäbe. So aber besteht gegenwärtig die Situation, daß nach geschaffenen Fakten versucht werden muß, das beste aus der Lage zu machen.

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Während der 95. Reise, die wir im Rahmen des Internationalen Jungfischprogramms des Internationalen Rates für Meeresforschung (ICES)durchführten, wurde auch zwischen dem Westabhang der Norwegischen Rinne und den Shetlands gefischt. Verwendet wurde dabei das GOV-Netz mit Innensteert.

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Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is central in mediating host defense due to its ability to target and eliminate invading pathogens. The fragment antigen binding (Fab) regions are responsible for antigen recognition; however the effector responses are encoded on the Fc region of IgG. IgG Fc displays considerable glycan heterogeneity, accounting for its complex effector functions of inflammation, modulation and immune suppression. Intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) is pooled serum IgG from multiple donors and is used to treat individuals with autoimmune and inflammatory disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and Kawasaki’s disease, respectively. It contains all the subtypes of IgG (IgG1-4) and over 120 glycovariants due to variation of an Asparagine 297-linked glycan on the Fc. The species identified as the activating component of IVIG is sialylated IgG Fc. Comparisons of wild type Fc and sialylated Fc X-ray crystal structures suggests that sialylation causes an increase in conformational flexibility, which may be important for its anti-inflammatory properties.

Although glycan modifications can promote the anti-inflammatory properties of the Fc, there are amino acid substitutions that cause Fcs to initiate an enhanced immune response. Mutations in the Fc can cause up to a 100-fold increase in binding affinity to activating Fc gamma receptors located on immune cells, and have been shown to enhance antibody dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. This is important in developing therapeutic antibodies against cancer and infectious diseases. Structural studies of mutant Fcs in complex with activating receptors gave insight into new protein-protein interactions that lead to an enhanced binding affinity.

Together these studies show how dynamic and diverse the Fc region is and how both protein and carbohydrate modifications can alter structure, leading to IgG Fc’s switch from a pro-inflammatory to an anti-inflammatory protein.

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[ES]Mediante este trabajo se va a diseñar un mecanismo para crear un sistema de suspensión progresiva para la suspensión trasera de una motocicleta a partir de un muelle lineal. El muelle introducido en la suspensión será lineal, por lo tanto, tendrá una sola rigidez, constante y la cual delimita el muelle, pero gracias a un mecanismo diseñado especialmente para la suspensión trasera de una moto, se va conseguir que la rigidez varíe. El mecanismo utilizado para este trabajo se llama Pro-Link y la empresa que lo emplea es Honda. Para ello, se creará un esquema del mecanismo en sí y tras un análisis cinemático mediante el programa Creo Parametric, y haciendo varios cambios en el sistema para ajustarlo a la mejor progresividad posible, se obtendrá la gráfica en la que se observará la curva que marca la rigidez progresiva. Esto es, se verá la evolución de la nueva rigidez dependiendo de la oscilación vertical de la rueda. Por otra parte, gracias a un análisis dinámico del mismo programa se conseguirán las reacciones del sistema y se calcularán los elementos auxiliares de éste para el buen funcionamiento del mismo. Finalmente, se creará el diseño del triángulo y un diseño preliminar del basculante mediante el método de elementos finitos del programa.

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介绍AutoCAD和Pro/E软件相互间数据交换的方法,利用AutoCAD工程图在Pro/E环境中进行三维建模,避免Pro/E建模时的草图重绘;同时将Pro/E工程图导入AutoCAD中进行编辑,符合一般工程设计的习惯.整个过程以DWG和DXF数据文件为桥梁,并以设计实例进行说明.该方法明显提高了设计效率.