Website physical activity interventions: preferences of potential users

Information and communication technologies (particularly websites and e-mail) have the potential to deliver health behavior change programs to large numbers of adults at low cost. Controlled trials using these new media to promote physical activity have produced mixed results. User-centered development methods can assist in understanding the preferences of potential participants for website functions and content, and may lead to more effective programs. Eight focus group discussions were conducted with 40 adults after they had accessed a previously trialed physical activity website. The discussions were audio taped, transcribed and interpreted using a themed analysis method. Four key themes emerged: structure, interactivity, environmental context and content. Preferences were expressed for websites that include simple interactive features, together with information on local community activity opportunities. Particular suggestions included online community notice boards, personalized progress charts, e-mail access to expert advice and access to information on specific local physical activity facilities and services. Website physical activity interventions could usefully include personally relevant interactive and environmentally focused features and services identified through a user-centered development process.

New networked technologies and carers of people with dementia: an interview study

Dementia is one of the greatest contemporary health and social care challenges, and novel approaches to the care of its sufferers are needed. New information and communication technologies (ICT) have the potential to assist those caring for people with dementia, through access to networked information and support, tracking and surveillance. This article reports the views about such new technologies of 34 carers of people with dementia. We also held a group discussion with nine carers for respondent validation. The carers' actual use of new ICT was limited, although they thought a gradual increase in the use of networked technology in dementia care was inevitable but would bypass some carers who saw themselves as too old. Carers expressed a general enthusiasm for the benefits of ICT, but usually not for themselves, and they identified several key challenges including: establishing an appropriate balance between, on the one hand, privacy and autonomy and, on the other: maximising safety; establishing responsibility for and ownership of the equipment and who bears the costs; the possibility that technological help would mean a loss of valued personal contact; and the possibility that technology would substitute for existing services rather than be complementary. For carers and dementia sufferers to be supported, the expanding use of these technologies should be accompanied by intensive debate of the associated issues.

Externality effects of information and communication technologies across country Borders

As information and communications technology (ICT) involves both traditional capital and knowledge capital, potential spillovers through various mechanisms can occur. We posit that ICT capital may boost productivity growth, not only in the home country, but also in other countries. In this paper, we provide empirical evidence of such spillovers using panel data on 37 countries from 1996 to 2004. Our results support the existence of ICT spillovers across country borders. Furthermore, we find that developing countries could reap more benefits from ICT spillovers than developed countries. This is particularly important for policy decisions regarding national trade liberalization and economic integration. Developing economies that are more open to foreign trade may have an economic advantage and may develop knowledge-intensive activities, which will lead to economic development in the long run.

Scale-up of human mesenchymal stem cell culture:current technologies and future challenges

Regenerative medicine technologies have the potential to revolutionise human healthcare. However, whilst science has revealed the potential, and early products have shown the power of such therapies, there is now a need for the long-term supply of human stem cells in sufficient numbers to create reproducible and cost effective therapeutic products. The industrial platforms to be developed for human cell culture are in some ways analogous to those already developed for biopharmaceutical production using mammalian cells at large scales. However, there are a number of unique challenges that need to be addressed, largely because the quality of the cell is paramount, rather than the proteins that they express. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Deschooling society? A lifelong learning network for sustainable communities, urban regeneration and environmental technologies

The complexity and multifaceted nature of sustainable lifelong learning can be effectively addressed by a broad network of providers working co-operatively and collaboratively. Such a network involving the third, public and private sector bodies must realise the full potential of accredited flexible and blended formal learning, contextual opportunities offered by enablers of informal and non formal learning and the affordances derived from the various loose and open spaces that can make social learning effective. Such a conception informs the new Lifelong Learning Network Consortium on Sustainable Communities, Urban Regeneration and Environmental Technologies established and led by the Lifelong Learning Centre at Aston University. This paper offers a radical, reflective and political evaluation of its first year in development arguing that networked learning of this type could prefigure a new model for lifelong learning and sustainable education that renders the city itself a creative medium for transformative learning and sustainability.

Utilising Intranet technologies in construction sector SMEs:building up knowledge bases for extreme weather event risk management

Intranet technologies accessible through a web based platform are used to share and build knowledge bases in many industries. Previous research suggests that intranets are capable of providing a useful means to share, collaborate and transact information within an organization. To compete and survive successfully, business organisations are required to effectively manage various risks affecting their businesses. In the construction industry too this is increasingly becoming an important element in business planning. The ability of businesses, especially of SMEs which represent a significant portion in most economies, to manage various risks is often hindered by fragmented knowledge across a large number of businesses. As a solution, this paper argues that Intranet technologies can be used as an effective means of building and sharing knowledge and building up effective knowledge bases for risk management in SMEs, by specifically considering the risks of extreme weather events. The paper discusses and evaluates relevant literature in this regard and identifies the potential for further research to explore this concept.

Mobile assistive technologies for the visually impaired

There are around 285 million visually impaired people worldwide, and around 370,000 people are registered as blind or partially sighted in the UK. Ongoing advances in information technology (IT) are increasing the scope for IT-based mobile assistive technologies to facilitate the independence, safety, and improved quality of life of the visually impaired. Research is being directed at making mobile phones and other handheld devices accessible via our haptic (touch) and audio sensory channels. We review research and innovation within the field of mobile assistive technology for the visually impaired and, in so doing, highlight the need for successful collaboration between clinical expertise, computer science, and domain users to realize fully the potential benefits of such technologies. We initially reflect on research that has been conducted to make mobile phones more accessible to people with vision loss. We then discuss innovative assistive applications designed for the visually impaired that are either delivered via mainstream devices and can be used while in motion (e.g., mobile phones) or are embedded within an environment that may be in motion (e.g., public transport) or within which the user may be in motion (e.g., smart homes). © 2013 Elsevier Inc.

Planning Technologies for the Web Environment: Perspectives and Research Issues

This work will explore and motivate perspectives and research issues related with the applications of automated planning technologies in order to support innovative web applications. The target for the technology transfer, i.e. the web, and, in a broader sense, the new Information Technologies (IT) is one of the most changing, evolving and hottest areas of current computer science. Nevertheless many sub-area in this field could have potential benefits from Planning and Scheduling (P&S) technologies, and, in some cases, technology transfer has already started. This paper will consider and explore a set of topics, guidelines and objectives in order to implement the technology transfer a new challenges, requirements and research issues for planning which emerge from the web and IT industry. Sample scenarios will be depicted to clarify the potential applications and limits of current planning technology. Finally we will point out some new P&S research challenge issues which are required to meet more advanced applicative goals.

Intellectual Communications and Contemporarly Technologies Alternatives of the Science Libraries

(Summary of: Varbanova-Dencheva, K. Intellectual communications and contemporarly technologies. Alternatives of the science libraries. Sofia, Marin Drinov academic publishing house. 2003, 114p. ) The new technologies and the globalization are the factors which have brought essential changes in human society and its environment. The unceasing dynamic changes imposed new strategies for survival and prosperity of institutions and people in the new conditions. The spheres with greatest potential for achieving competition priority are compatible to the fastness of research results implementation in each field of human activity. The extended knowledge requires narrower specialization as well as interdisciplinarity to solve the arising problems. The new research fields and trends are a synthesis of science and high technologies determined by the new discoveries. The present study aims at finding answers to the questions about the place of science library in the dynamic restructuring of research environment. The necessity of transformation of the scientific library’s genetically set functions from a guardian of the achieved knowledge to an active participant in the creation of new knowledge is a natural consequence of the processes and tendencies of the social medium. The priorities of Europe and USA for intensive creation of knowledge economics are at the first place and this requires intensification of that research an integral part of which are the new communications realized at a new technological level.

Performance evaluation of reverse osmosis (RO) pre-treatment technologies for in-land brackish water treatment

Integration of renewable energy with desalination technologies has emerged as an attractive solution to augment fresh water supply sustainably. Fouling and scaling are still considered as limiting factors in membrane desalination processes. For brackish water treatment, pre-treatment of reverse osmosis (RO) feed water is a key step in designing RO plants avoiding membrane fouling. This study aims to compare at pilot scale the rejection efficiency of RO membranes with multiple pre-treatment options at different water recoveries (30, 35, 40, 45 and 50%) and TDS concentrations (3500, 4000, and 4500mg/L). Synthetic brackish water was prepared and performance evaluation were carried out using brackish water reverse osmosis (BWRO) membranes (Filmtec LC-LE-4040 and Hydranautics CPA5-LD-4040) preceded by 5 and 1μm cartridge filters, 0.02μm ultra-filtration (UF) membrane, and forward osmosis (FO) membrane using 0.25M NaCl and MgCl2 as draw solutions (DS). It was revealed that FO membrane with 0.25M MgCl2 used as a draw solution (DS) and Ultra-filtration (UF) membrane followed by Filmtec membrane gave overall 98% rejection but UF facing high fouling potential due to high applied pressure. Use of 5 and 1μm cartridge filter prior to Filmtec membrane also showed effective results with 95% salt rejection.

Characterization of wood biochar and evaluation of its adsorption potential for removal of sulphate from produced water in offshore oil and gas industry

This thesis analyses the potential of wood biochar as an adsorbent in removal of sulphate from produced water. In worldwide offshore oil and gas industry, a large volume of waste water is generated as produced water. Sulphur compounds present in these produced water streams can cause environmental problems, regulatory problems and operational issues. Among the various sulphur removal technologies, the adsorption technique is considered as a suitable method since the design is simple, compact, economical and robust. Biochar has been studied as an adsorbent for removal of contaminants from water in a number of studies due to its low cost, potential availability, and adsorptive characteristics. In this study, biochar produced through fast pyrolysis of bark, hardwood sawdust, and softwood sawdust were characterized through a series of tests and were analysed for adsorbent properties. Treating produced water using biochar sourced from wood waste is a two-fold solution to environmental problems as it reduces the volume of these wastes. Batch adsorption tests were carried out to obtain adsorption capacities of each biochar sample using sodium sulphate solutions. The highest sulphur adsorption capacities obtained for hardwood char, softwood char and bark char were 11.81 mg/g, 9.44 mg/g, and 7.94 mg/g respectively at 10 °C and pH=4. The adsorption process followed the second order kinetic model and the Freundlich isotherm model. Adsorption reaction was thermodynamically favourable and exothermic. The overall analysis concludes that the wood biochar is a feasible, economical, and environmental adsorbent for removal of sulphate from produced water.

Processus d’appropriation des technologies de l’information et de la communication par les enseignants : le cas des tablettes

L’intégration des technologies de l’information et de la communication (TIC) en contexte éducatif représente un moyen concret d’action et de réflexion en sciences de l’éducation. Les scientifiques et les acteurs de terrain se questionnent sur l’intégration des technologies et sur les moyens à mettre en place afin de réussir ce processus parfois complexe. De fait, la pénétration des outils technologiques dans les établissements scolaires a été exponentielle ces dernières années. Il est aujourd’hui nécessaire de comprendre selon quelles perspectives ces outils s’intègrent en salle de classe. Un exemple marquant est celui de la tablette tactile, récemment intégrée massivement dans les écoles d’Amérique du Nord et d’Europe. Cet outil, relativement récent dans la sphère scolaire, demande une réflexion précise vis-à-vis des pratiques pédagogiques des enseignants et des processus d’intégration inhérents. Afin de répondre à ces questionnements, nous avons élaboré une recherche en trois temps. Dans un premier temps, nous avons dressé un portrait exhaustif des pratiques pédagogiques des enseignants utilisant quotidiennement la tablette tactile en salle de classe. Ce portrait nous permet d’esquisser une synthèse des usages et réalités pédagogiques qui entourent cet outil. Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons répertorié, analysé et classifié les modèles d’intégration des TIC présents dans la littérature. L’analyse de ces modèles nous a permis d’en extraire les forces et les lacunes intrinsèques. Ensuite, nous avons créé un modèle synthèse rassemblant les réflexions issues de ces analyses. En parallèle, nous avons créé une typologie permettant d’identifier et de classifier ces modèles. Dans un troisième temps, nous sommes partis des pratiques pédagogiques des enseignants et du modèle général d’intégration des TIC que nous avons conçu afin de comprendre quel était le processus d’intégration de la tablette en salle de classe. Les résultats obtenus mettent en évidence que l’utilisation de la tablette induit des usages pédagogiques novateurs qui facilitent l’enseignement et qui favorisent l’apprentissage des élèves. Cependant, nous constatons que la tablette n’est pas utilisée à son plein potentiel et que certains usages devraient être envisagés selon une perspective plus efficiente et adaptée. En ce qui concerne les processus d’intégration, nous avons identifié plusieurs éléments indispensables: ces processus doivent être itératifs et constructifs, des facteurs internes et externes doivent être considérés et des niveaux d’intégration doivent être identifiés. Le modèle ainsi conçu spécifie le modèle à privilégier et les aboutissants à considérer. À la suite de cette étape, nous avons conçu un modèle d’intégration spécifiquement dédié à la tablette. Celui-ci met en évidence, au-delà des caractéristiques définies dans le modèle général, une nécessaire formation, une implication des acteurs, un ajustement constant des pratiques pédagogiques et une itération indispensable. À la suite de ces considérations, nous constatons que le processus d’appropriation de la tablette est en cours de construction et que les nouvelles implantations, comme les existantes, doivent procéder à une analyse minutieuse des tenants et aboutissants des pratiques médiées par l’intégration de l’outil. En fin de document, une synthèse des résultats et des recommandations est proposée afin de favoriser l’intégration de la tablette tactile - et des TIC en général – dans la salle de classe.

Targeted Gene Repression Technologies for Regenerative Medicine, Genomics, and Gene Therapy

Gene regulation is a complex and tightly controlled process that defines cell function in physiological and abnormal states. Programmable gene repression technologies enable loss-of-function studies for dissecting gene regulation mechanisms and represent an exciting avenue for gene therapy. Established and recently developed methods now exist to modulate gene sequence, epigenetic marks, transcriptional activity, and post-transcriptional processes, providing unprecedented genetic control over cell phenotype. Our objective was to apply and develop targeted repression technologies for regenerative medicine, genomics, and gene therapy applications. We used RNA interference to control cell cycle regulation in myogenic differentiation and enhance the proliferative capacity of tissue engineered cartilage constructs. These studies demonstrate how modulation of a single gene can be used to guide cell differentiation for regenerative medicine strategies. RNA-guided gene regulation with the CRISPR/Cas9 system has rapidly expanded the targeted repression repertoire from silencing single protein-coding genes to modulation of genes, promoters, and other distal regulatory elements. In order to facilitate its adaptation for basic research and translational applications, we demonstrated the high degree of specificity for gene targeting, gene silencing, and chromatin modification possible with Cas9 repressors. The specificity and effectiveness of RNA-guided transcriptional repressors for silencing endogenous genes are promising characteristics for mechanistic studies of gene regulation and cell phenotype. Furthermore, our results support the use of Cas9-based repressors as a platform for novel gene therapy strategies. We developed an in vivo AAV-based gene repression system for silencing endogenous genes in a mouse model. Together, these studies demonstrate the utility of gene repression tools for guiding cell phenotype and the potential of the RNA-guided CRISPR/Cas9 platform for applications such as causal studies of gene regulatory mechanisms and gene therapy.

Using GIS and Remote Sensing Technologies to Identify Environmental Variables of Malaria Vector Breeding Sites in Western Kenya

This study used Landsat 8 satellite imagery to identify environmental variables of households with malaria vector breeding sites in a malaria endemic rural district in Western Kenya. Understanding the influence of environmental variables on the distribution of malaria has been critical in the strengthening of malaria control programs. Using remote sensing and GIS technologies, this study performed a land classification, NDVI, Tasseled Cap Wetness Index, and derived land surface temperature values of the study area and examined the significance of each variable in predicting the probability of a household with a mosquito breeding site with and without larvae. The findings of this study revealed that households with any potential breeding sites were characterized by higher moisture, higher vegetation density (NDVI) and in urban areas or roads. The results of this study also confirmed that land surface temperature was significant in explaining the presence of active mosquito breeding sites (P< 0.000). The present study showed that freely available Landsat 8 imagery has limited use in deriving environmental characteristics of malaria vector habitats at the scale of the Bungoma East District in Western Kenya.