As escolas comunitárias da Rocinha: 1968/1986: um fator de conservação ou de transformação social?

O presente trabalho apresenta a experiência das escolas comunitárias da favela da Rocinha, durante o período de 1968 a 1986, e a analisa a partir de duas vertentes: - a questão urbana - a escola comunitária enquanto uma forma de organização popular, que aliada aos outros grupos comunitários da Rocinha, questiona a alocação desigual de recursos públicos e luta pela melhoria das condições de vida na favela. A questão educacional - a prática pedagógica dessas escolas junto às crianças, jovens e adultos; a busca de uma metodologia e de conteúdos que partam da realidade dos alunos e dos objetivos do trabalho comunitário. O estudo de caso foi elaborado a partir de entrevistas (realizadas junto a lideranças, educadores, pais, alunos, agentes externos e técnicos), de fontes documentais e da participação da autora no trabalho comunitário da favela, iniciada em 1976. Procurou-se apreender a origem dessa experiência junto à precariedade/ineficácia do sistema oficial de ensino e ao processo de reorganização das classes populares, e perceber também a relação entre as diferentes conjunturas e a configuração que as escolas comunitárias foram assumindo ao longo dessa trajetória.

O golfe enquanto meio de compreensão e transformação do indivíduo

Cada vez mais, o fenómeno desportivo é suportado pelo conhecimento de um conjunto de disciplinas científicas que, quando devidamente articuladas sob um quadro de complexidade coerente, promovem um melhor entendimento acerca das mudanças que ocorrem no indivíduo. Neste sentido, através da realização do presente trabalho, procurámos perceber qual o enquadramento conferido ao golfe e se esse enquadramento é compatível com a ideia de o golfe servir de ferramenta para a compreensão e transformação do indivíduo. Para isso, através da literatura existente, procurámos conhecer quais as suas origens e evolução, de que forma está caracterizado (conceitos e opiniões dos diferentes agentes desportivos), qual a sua expressão (ao nível dos diferentes mercados) e que tipo de estudos e investigações existentes (focados no jogador) apoiam a sua evolução. De seguida, realizámos o enquadramento do golfe à luz da Taxonomia das Actividades Desportivas de Fernando Almada e analisámos o swing com base no Modelo Taxonómico dos Desportos Individuais. Como forma de testar a conjectura de que o golfe pode servir para a compreensão e transformação do indivíduo, realizámos uma situação experimental com um grupo de 14 jogadores (com handicaps compreendidos entre 5 e 32) de forma a perceber se existiam diferenças significativas no seu desempenho (p _ 0,05), quando expostos a diferentes condições (uma condição confortável e a uma condição de desconfortável). Os resultados globais (da amostra) não evidenciaram diferenças significativas, ao contrário de alguns dos resultados individuais, que por sua vez, permitiram estabelecer ligações com as diferentes variáveis funcionais inerentes à realização do swing,possibilitando-nos a formulação de um conjunto de hipóteses que poderão servir de orientação à compreensão de algumas das características mais marcantes do jogador.

Formação do educador no curso de pedagogia de Caicó-RN: reprodução ou transformação social

ARAÚJO, Marta Maria de. Formação do educador no curso de pedagogia de Caicó-RN: reprodução ou transformação social. Porto Alegre, 1985. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Curso de Pós-graduação em Educação. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto alegre, 1985

Ação pública na formação e transformação do destino turístico de Porto de Galinhas: um estudo dos referenciais no período de 1970 a 2010

The central interest of this thesis is to comprehend how the public action impels the formation and transformation of the tourist destinies. The research was based on the premise that the public actions are the result of the mediation process of state and non-state actors considered important in a section, which interact aiming for prevailing their interests and world visions above the others. The case of Porto de Galinhas beach, in Pernambuco, locus of the investigation of this thesis, allowed the analysis of a multiplicity of actors on the formation and implementation of local actions toward the development of the tourism between the years 1970 and 2010, as well as permitted the comprehension of the construction of the referential on the interventions made. This thesis, of a qualitative nature, has as theoretical support the cognitive approach of analysis of the public policies developed in France, and it has as main exponents the authors Bruno Jobert and Pierre Muller. This choice was made by the emphasis on the cognitive and normative factors of the politics, which aspects are not very explored in the studies of public policies in Brazil. As the source of the data collection, documental, bibliographic and field researches were utilized to the (re)constitution of the formation and transformation in the site concerned. The analysis techniques applied were the content and the documental analysis. To trace the public action referential, it started by the characterization of the touristic section frontiers and the creation of images by the main international body: the World Tourism Organization, of which analysis of the minutes of the meetings underscored guidelines to the member countries, including Brazil, which compounds the global-sectorial reference of the section. As from the analysis of the evolution of the tourism in the country, was identified that public policies in Brazil passed by transformations in their organization over the years, indicating changes in the referential that guided the interventions. These guidelines and transformations were identified in the construction of the tourist destination of Porto de Galinhas, of which data was systematized and presented in four historical periods, in which were discussed the values, the standard, the algorithms, the images and the important mediators. It has been revealed that the State worked in different roles in the decades analyzed in local tourism. From the 1990s, however, new actors were inserted in the formulation and implementation of policies developed, especially for local hotelkeepers. These, through their association, establishes a leadership relation in the local touristic section, thereby, they could set their hegemony and spread their own interest. The leadership acquired by a group of actors, in the case of Porto de Galinhas, does not mean that trade within the industry were neutralized, but that there is a cognitive framework that confronts the actors involved. In spite of the advances achieved by the work of the mediators in the last decades, that resulted in an amplification and diversification of the activity in the area, as well as the consolidation at the beach, as a tourist destiny of national standout, the position of the place is instable, concerned to the competitiveness, once that there is an situation of social and environmental unsustainability

De repente, tudo mudou de lugar: refletindo sobre metamorfose urbana e gentrificação em Mossoró-RN

This study aims at solidifying the theoretical bases to provide, above all, an explanation for this phenomenon which currently happens, with a scenario of social, political, economic and cultural transformations worldwide in medium cities. Nevertheless, because it has different dimensions from its transformation axes, gentrification comes with change, but also with the introduction of a new purpose in the space using and occupation, outlining in this context the identity of places from the formation of centralities with the presence of flows with social and economic dynamicsThe current forms of geographic space appropriation show the directions of the senses and ideological profile which recreates the meanings and uses of content and materials from descriptions of a historical past. However, today there is an economic context in the urban space which refers to a search of strategies for change, i.e., the acquisition of parameter aimed at meeting the demands of the relationship between capital and labor, which ends up overriding some actions for the specification of the transformation methods within the urban space to be explained by new needs and also by the agents from the value adding to their interests and investments. Thus, we assume that the appreciation/gentrification of urban spaces may or may not result from the building of a public space, since the dialogic structure as a place of political interaction externalize conflicts and disagreements in general; it keeps segregating spaces. As new spaces are transformed, the access to them tends to happen with particular restriction, whereas some places like parks, shopping malls, high-rise and horizontal condos are the scene for major professional and family events. In this context, the gentrification process is used to designate interventions in the urban environment, in certain city spaces which are considered central to public and private investments. A historical place is permitted to be presented as a scenario, a stage full of attractions, through the transformation process. Studying gentrification consists of an analysis of the underlying interests in the transformation of these areas, and especially of the assessment of the interest level in the private sector to partner in order to modify the landscape. Gentrification results from the transformation processes of capital, which influences the efforts and investments application in order to establish and achieve optimal economic growth, focusing on a location socio-culturally centered in the urban space. Thus, the urban social structure develops in the light of some questions that relate not only the cities growth but also environmental conditions it provides in cities like Mossoro, State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil 2005 a 2011.