954 resultados para Polifasia cognitiva


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Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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Pós-graduação em Fisiopatologia em Clínica Médica - FMB

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Pós-graduação em Linguística e Língua Portuguesa - FCLAR

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O objetivo do presente trabalho foi investigar, empregando testes neuropsicológicos selecionados, a duração dos efeitos benéficos do programa de estimulação multissensorial e cognitiva realizado em idosos vivendo em instituições de longa permanência ou em comunidade. Os participantes do estudo foram idosos institucionalizados (n=20, 75,1 ± 6,8 anos de idade) e não institucionalizados (n=15, 74,1 ± 3,9 anos de idade), com 65 anos de idade ou mais, sem histórico de traumatismo crânio-encefálico, acidente vascular encefálico ou depressão primária, acuidade visual mínima 20/30 mensurada pelo Teste de Snellen e que participaram regularmente do Programa de Estimulação Multissensorial e Cognitiva. Foram realizadas reavaliações em cinco períodos (2, 4, 6, 8 e 12 meses) após a finalização da intervenção multissensorial e cognitiva. Para isso empregou-se o Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM); nomeação de Boston; fluência verbal semântica (FVS) e fonológica (FVF), testes da Bateria Montreal de Avaliação da Comunicação (MAC), Teste de Narrativa “Roubo de Biscoitos” e testes neuropsicológicos selecionados da Bateria Cambridge (CANTAB) incluindo: Triagem Motora (Motor Screening – MOT); Processamento Rápido de Informação Visual (Rapid Visual Information Processing – RVP); Tempo de Reação (Reaction Time - RTI); Aprendizagem Pareada (Paired Associates Learning - PAL); Memória de Trabalho Espacial (Spatial Working Memory - SWM) e Pareamento com Atraso (Delayed matching to sample - DMS). Os resultados apontaram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre os grupos revelando taxa de declínio cognitivo maior nos idosos institucionalizados. Esses resultados confirmam sugestão anterior de que o ambiente pobre de estímulos somato-motores e cognitivos das instituições de longa permanência aceleram o declínio cognitivo senil. Além disso, a análise das curvas ROC seguido dos cálculos de sensibilidade, especificidade e eficiência para cada teste revelou que os testes da bateria CANTAB para memória e aprendizado espacial pareado assim como para memória espacial de trabalho permitiram a distinção entre os grupos I e NI em todas janelas de reavaliação. Os resultados demonstraram que uma vez cessado o programa de estimulação, se observa em ambos os grupos declínio cognitivo progressivo, com perdas mais precoces e mais intensas nos idosos institucionalizados do que naqueles vivendo em comunidade com suas famílias. Além disso, observou-se que a duração dos efeitos benéficos sobre o desempenho nos testes neuropsicológicos de ambos os grupos é heterogêneo, e que os efeitos de proteção guardam relação estreita com a natureza das oficinas. Por conta disso os escores dos testes de linguagem declinaram mais lentamente. Os resultados reúnem evidências que permitem a recomendação de programas regulares de estimulação somatomotora e cognitiva para idosos institucionalizados com o intuito de promover a redução da taxa de progressão do declínio cognitivo senil.

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Este artigo procura mostrar a importância do paradigma cognitivista e seus recentes progressos na descrição da linguagem humana, defendendo a manutenção dos chamados níveis de análise lingüística, como forma de tornar operacionais os procedimentos de descrição.

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The relationship between affective-emotional problems and school learning is present in areas of Psychology and Education. In the present study, of theoretical and bibliographic characteristics, we investigated elements that might confirm the thesis of the historicity of cognitive and affective processes, giving to these processes a social and symbolic connotation . Through the Historic-Cultural Psychology we approached the subject-object relationship and affective-cognitive unit proposing to overcome the subjectivist and organicist thinking. The study suggested the importance for us to (re) think the relationships that the subject establishes with the environment, the role of knowledge and practical conditions of life and education. Besides, it highlighted the activity as a main category in the constitution of needs and motives, as well in the formation of desires and the objectification of them. In this way, it enhances the learning and promotes the development, considering that the formation of subjectivity in each subject is the effect of an educative process that shall be object of study of both Psychology and Education.

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Pós-graduação em Saúde Coletiva - FMB

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

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The documentary representation in indexing is carried out, at first, in the analysis of subjects to establish the intrinsic and extrinsic aboutness, and then, in the translation stage using the documentary language. The representation by concepts for determining the intrinsic aboutness during the subject analysis is shown by the Documentary Reading Model for indexing of scientific texts and books, Therefore, it was carried out a search on documentary reading for cataloguers for indexing books in academic libraries. A research on catalogers’ documentary reading for indexing books was carried out in nine university libraries. The application of the introspective technique of Individual Verbal Protocol with the catalogers allowed an analysis of subject cataloguing procedures, which made it possible to verify the textual structure parts of a book, as well as to locate the terms identified and selected. The results led to an adaptation of the Documentary Reading Model to book indexing.

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In special education, high skills designate people who demonstrate the capability, potential or performance in human activities, well above average. Our objective, using neuroscience to understand the early, prodigies, geniuses and high abilities as a result of a unique process of memory formation. It is a literature search, in which the works were identified, located, compiled, analyzed and blacklisted. The material was located from keywords in databases. For the compilation were used as inclusion criteria, adopted the intersection of the keywords as well as the work of researchers from education, psychology and neuroscience, published between 1966 and 2009; qualitatively analyzed 40 references, 18 articles and 22 other texts. The trajectory analysis was developed with the question: no need to explain differently the precocious prodigies, geniuses, and AH? We reached three logical propositions. We demonstrate through this exercise of course, that there would be no need to explain differently the precocious prodigies, geniuses, and AH, but conclude that there is need for such differentiation, even within the field of neuroscience, however, the statement above points to Renzulli’s theory as valid for geniuses and AH, with exceptions for early and wonders that deserve a closer look.

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The concern with aging has increased in recent decades throughout the world, before the gradual increase in life expectancy of the population. Researchers have been developing a diverse in nature, in order to subsidize the activities of professionals in the field of Gerontology to promote autonomy, preservation of cognitive functions and thus contribute to healthy aging. This article presents a review of the literature on memory and aging from the perspective of cognitive psychology. The bibliography contains studies focusing on different subjects, in this sense. A significant number of works have been undertaken in order to investigate mechanisms and benefits of training on memory in healthy elderly and / or cognitive improvement. A concept that deserves attention in such studies is the study of aspects of meta-memory. However, there are still relatively few controlled studies on the subject.

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The Alzheimer’s dementia represents a clinical condition inherent to many chronic and neurodegenerative diseases that are usually related to a decline in the cognitive and physical functions. The objective of this experimental design research was to analyze the effects of a regular and systemized physical activity program over the cognitive functions, balance and risk of falls of elderly with Alzheimer’s Dementia (DA). The sample was made of 16 elderly with DA, distributed in two groups: a) intervention group – GI (9 subjects that had participated in a program of physical activity, that consisted of 3 weekly sessions of 60 minutes each, in alternated days and with a duration of 6 months); b) control group – GC (7 subjects that did not participate in the program of physical activity). Both groups maintained the doctoral and pharmacological assistance routine. The subjects passed through two different evaluations (pre and post-intervention) the questionnaire (Mini-exam of Mental State for cognitive functions) and motor tests (Berg Functional Balance Scale – EEFB, Timed Up-and-Go (TUG) time (TUGs) and steps (TUGp) and the test of agility and dynamic balance (AGILEQ) of the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education Recreation and Dance for elderly). The obtained results were, respectively in the pre and post-intervention moments: a) AGILEQ (GI = 39,1 ± 10,2 and 38,4 ± 8,9 and GC = 45,6 ± 16,7 and 59,9 ± 22,0 seconds) with the statistically interaction significant (ANOVA two-way; F1,14 = 32,07; p=0,01) between groups and moments; b) TUGs (GI = 9,8 ± 2,5 and 9,5 ± 3,3 and GC = 10,6 ± 4,5 and 12,7 ± 7,3 seconds) the test UMann Whitney did not appoint any significant differences between the groups in the post-intervention moment, however the analyzes of Wilcoxon evidenced a ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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The aim of this paper is to present an educational proposal with didactic and pedagogical orientations, to the Science Education for people with visual impairments. Then, we use as main reference, Gérard Vergnaud’s Theory of Conceptual Fields, joining with a translational focus, applying empirical results of Cognitive Neuroscience. Within this, we highlight the role of educational activities related with 'multisensory scientific literacy ', focusing on the linguistic triad: read, interpretation and textual representation. We hope this perspective, become in the future an important component on guidelines for composing a 'semiotic protocol' for Science Education. Realizing too, epistemological peculiarities, pedagogic and didactic specificities in this area, and, revealing such properties on the cognitive constructs, for science and technology education.