A gest��o de res��duos s��lidos domiciliares: coleta seletiva e reciclagem - a experi��ncia de Rio Claro (SP)

O estudo objetivou pesquisar a aplicabilidade de m��todos alternativos para amenizar o problema da disposi����o dos res��duos s��lidos urbanos. Especificamente nesse trabalho os objetivos foram direcionados no sentido de desenvolver esfor��os para viabilizar a reciclagem e o reaproveitamento de materiais, medidas essas, que aumentar��o a vida ��til dos aterros sanit��rios. Al��m disso, procuramos fazer um trabalho de Educa����o Ambiental para a popula����o envolvida, em uma tentativa de incentivar uma mudan��a de h��bitos. Para tanto, foi selecionado um bairro da cidade de Rio Claro (SP), como um projeto-piloto, onde foram observados os obst��culos e os procedimentos acertados, para uma aplica����o em futuros projetos.

��gua, preserva����o, uso e conserva����o: subs��dios te��rico-pr��ticos para o ensino fundamental

O presente trabalho aborda os problemas relacionados com a escassez de ��gua, os desafios para preserva����o, as perspectivas futuras e a conscientiza����o da popula����o. Mostra que grande parcela da popula����o mundial j�� sofre com a falta de ��gua pot��vel, levando a conflitos pelos usos m��ltiplos da ��gua. As diversas formas de polui����o causam degrada����o dos rios, lagos e aqu��feros prejudicando todas as formas de vida, desequilibrando todo o ecossistema. Novas tecnologias para agricultura, estrat��gias para aumentar as reservas de ��gua pot��vel tanto superficiais quanto subterr��neas e estrat��gias para o reaproveitamento de ��gua s��o medidas encontradas para um consumo sustent��vel

Proposta de interven����o e gerenciamento das ��reas potencialmente contaminadas: estudo dos brownfields no distrito Bel��m em S��o Paulo

In the district of Bel��m, at S��o Paulo���s city, the economic transformations have ended up destabilizing the economy industrial leaving marks that can be found today. Idle sheds, abandoned or undefined uses structures are found throughout the neighborhood, creating a scene of decay and abandonment. Despite the problems caused by brownfields, they may be seen as an area of possibilities. The reuse of these areas allows the reutilization of abandoned space in locations where the infrastructure is already available, stopping the expansion of urban spot in places not yet degraded. In the case of disabled older industries, there is a great possibility of site���s contamination that may also pose risks to people and unforeseen during refuncionalization. Therefore, the proper management of these sites is needed before any intervention in the area, where stages of study and research must be conducted in order to prove their actual situation. The survey and study of these areas in the district of Bel��m in S��o Paulo provides an overview about the brownfields in Brazil at the same time that contributes to the development of intervention plans and proposes a scenery for the refuncionalization of these sites in the neighborhood.

An��lise de caracter��sticas f��sicas de agregados de res��duos de constru����o e demoli����o, para fins de pavimenta����o

This work presents the results obtained in analyzes of aggregates from construction and demolition waste produced by the plant of the City of Guaratinguet��. Using this data and comparing with the specifications of NBR 15115, it was found that the materials do not possess the requisite minimum characteristics to be utilized as a basis for low-pavement traffic. In order to identify the main reasons of the material does not fit in the standard, we used the data obtained in a study conducted by Professor. Dr. Luiz Eduardo de Oliveira at the plant of the company AB Environmental Solutions Ltd., located in Pindamonhangaba. With different characteristics, the aggregates from construction and demolition waste produced by this plant showed the possibility of using pavements. The use of these residues in paving reduces the impact on the environment caused by construction.

Estudo da reutiliza����o de materiais reciclados em obras de constru����o civil

This graduation project aims to study and analyze the reuse of solid waste projects in Civil Construction, checking the different factors such as economic viability, production processes, classification of the main materials, advantages and disadvantages, always seeking to guide themselves according Brazilian legislation establishing criteria for Waste Management of Construction. In addition, points are studied that prevent the expansion of recycling construction waste. It also offers needs improvements to the implementation of recycling to be carried out on a more expressive than current

Diagn��stico dos res��duos de constru����o e demoli����o para elabora����o e implanta����o da gest��o integrada dos RCD no munic��pio de Guanambi ��� BA

Taking as starting the environmental, social and economic impact of construction and demolition waste in Brazilian cities were created legal mechanisms for management and administration, seeking to minimize the impacts to the maximum, since the irregular deposition can be characterized as environmental crime. CONAMA Resolution No. 307 of 2002 establishing the mandatory implementation of an Integrated Management System Construction Waste and Demolition, guiding the classification and designation of the waste generating agents, collection agents and transporters, and the areas of culling and disposal of waste. The technical partnership between the Ministry of Cities, the Environment Ministry and the Caixa Econ��mica Federal, coordinated by Pinto & Gonzales (2005) Management in the work and management of construction waste, proposed a guidance manual to guide the implementation of a System Integrated Management of Construction Waste in Municipalities. The municipality of Guanambi in the state of Bahia, in full economic rise, lacks a waste management of construction and demolition, since there has areas for the disposal of waste being proposed in this paper the diagnosis of waste generation in the municipality as part of the methodology proposed by the work of Pinto & Gonzales (2005).

Estudo das propriedades mec��nicas da madeira pl��stica

This work has in its outline the analysis of the mechanical properties of the composition of plastic residues, denominated ���plastic wood���, aiming at establishing technical parameters for application of this material in substitution to the natural wood. Plastic-Wood is basically, a combination of several kind of plastic, previously selected, washed, dried and without metallic particles, which are agglomerated, extruded or introduced into a mold. The manufacturer can choose different formats and colors. During this monograph it can be observed the use of several kind of plastic, their mechanical properties and the plastic-wood production process. Also are presented features and applications of natural wood, in order to better compare their uses in several applications

Potencial de aproveitamento de agregados reciclados de res��duos da constru����o e demoli����o

CONAMA Resolution 307 / 02, in Article 4, states that the primary goal of those involved in the reuse process of construction and demolition waste is not the generation of such wastes, secondarily is the reduce, reuse, recycling and proper disposal of such material. The disposal problem of large volumes of waste generated coupled with the scarcity of natural resources and environmental degradation involved in the extraction process of such materials resulted in several studies, that after many analyzes proposed various forms of reuse and recycling . The NBR 15.116/04 provides requirements for the use of recycled aggregates in paving and concrete without structural function. This work aims to show the usage potential of recycled aggregates from waste generated in construction and demolition sampled Group AB Areias, Pindamonhangaba (SP) in order to meet the standards in Brazil, as well as the environmental contribution by reducing the use of raw materials extracted from nature. After stabilization and particle size analysis of the California Bearing Ratio and Proctor, obtained mixtures of recycled aggregates showed higher values submitted by the minimum standards related, with excellent potential for use in paving

Estudos de degrada����o de filmes de polietileno

A produ����o de lixo pela humanidade �� inevit��vel, por��m, o destino dos residuos s��lidos e seu acondicionamento inadequado t��m trazido graves problemas ambientais. Dentre os res��duos s��lidos, os pl��sticos merecem destaque, pois cresceram significativamente em uso e descarte, totalizando 20% do volume mundial de lixo. Isto decorre de algumas das propriedades destes materiais, como durabilidade, resist��ncia, leveza e baixo custo de produ����o. Nas grandes cidades brasileiras, 7% do lixo produzido correspondem a produtos de pl��stico em filme, geralmente usado em aplica����es de curta dura����o, como o polietileno. Este material persiste no ambiente por d��cadas, sendo, portanto, resistente �� degrada����o. Diversos destinos podem ser tomados pelo res��duo de polietileno descartado, como a deposi����o em lix��es e aterros sanit��rios, incinera����o, reciclagem e biodegrada����o. A biodegrada����o pode ser definida como a degrada����o catalisada por atividade biol��gica, levando, no final do processo, �� mineraliza����o e/ou forma����o de biomassa. Na natureza, a destrui����o destes materiais se d��, na verdade, por meio da ���degrada����o ambiental���, na qual atuam sinergeticamente a biodegrada����o, a fotooxida����o, a termo-oxida����o e a hidr��lise. Neste sentido, desde os anos 1970, diferentes formula����es foram propostas para otimizar a susceptibilidade do PE �� degrada����o ambiental. Sabe-se que o PE est�� sujeito a sofrer mudan��as quando exposto �� luz ultravioleta e/ou ao calor, e que estas modifica����es podem alterar a resposta dos microrganismos no processo de biodegrada����o. Desta forma, este estudo analisou as modifica����es ocasionadas por tratamentos com luz ultravioleta, calor e exposi����o ao sol, bem como a resposta da microbiota natural do solo a estes tratamentos, atrav��s de an��lises de espectroscopia... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletr��nico abaixo)

Estudos de foto termo e biodegrada����o de blendas de PEBD/PHB em colunas de solo

A grande quantidade de res��duos pl��sticos sint��ticos descartada diariamente no meio ambiente tem preocupado governantes do mundo todo. No sentido de minimizar este problema v��rias solu����es est��o sendo propostas. Uma delas �� a busca de materiais potencialmente biodegrad��veis no solo. Neste trabalho desenvolveu-se blendas de poli(3-hidroxibutirato) PHB, um pol��mero biodegrad��vel, com polietileno de baixa densidade PEBD, um pol��mero convencional e avaliou-se os efeitos do termotratamento em estufa e do fototratamento em c��mara de envelhecimento acelerado sobre a biodegrada����o destes filmes em coluna de solo. As blendas de PEBD/PHB foram preparadas em composi����es de 90/10, 80/20 e 70/30, utilizando prensa sob aquecimento e os filmes foram analisados por Espectroscopia de Absor����o no Infravermelho (FTIR), Microscopia de Luz Polarizada (MLP), perda de massa e ��ngulo de contato.

Otimiza����o de custo no processo de fabrica����o de mangueira hidr��ulica

A large part of hydraulic hoses is produced on a mandrel. The mandrel has longer length and circular profile being produced by extrusion of polyamide polymer, which in this case is imported, then the process is depending on the import process, which entails high shipping costs and fees. This work studies the production of recycled mandrel, using the mandrel that is out of dimensional to produce hoses. After the production of recycled mandrel mechanical tensile and hardness were performed both in the natural and recycled mandrel to compare them. It was observed that recycled mandrel presents the tensile properties and hardness superior to natural mandrel. Thus, this work will directly impact the company`s business ultimately reducing costs, reducing waste and reducing environmental impacts

Catadores(as) e a metr��pole: identidade, processo e luta

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Reciclagem de poliestireno expandido: comp��sito com fibras de algod��o para a confec����o de placas de circuito impresso

In this work polymeric composites reinforced with cotton fibers, from the textile industry, were developed in order to manufacture printed circuit boards. It was used expanded polystyrene (EPS) as a thermoplastic matrix by melting it. For the obtention of 10% and 15% of fiber volume fraction in cotton fibers composites, it was used wasted cotton fibers as an incentive of recycling and reusing of the domestic and industrial wastes as well as for Expanded Polystyrene(EPS). The mechanical properties of the composites were evaluated by tensile and flexural strength from standardized test methods. Composites were characterized by a Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and dielectric analysis. The analysis of the results showed that fiber in the composite directly influenced in the thermal and mechanical properties

Aplica����o da log��stica reversa como solu����o para gest��o dos res��duos eletr��nicos

The present study aimed to analyze how develops the reverse logistics process applied in electrical and electronic products. Such analysis was obtained through literature search and with the completion of a case study, which was developed at the company's Oxil Reverse Manufacture, showing the advantages obtained as well as the difficulties faced in the implementation of the reverse logistics process. The development of this research shows its importance in so far as the residues generated by electronic components, which are one of the most harmful to the environment and harmful to human health, highly possessing heavy metals and non-biodegradable materials in their composition. In this way, the components collected from this activity, should be properly recycled, reused and finally housed in suitable location, these steps that are part of the reverse logistics process

Reciclagem de poliestireno expandido: comp��sito com fibras de sisal para confec����o de placas de circuito impresso

In this work polystyrene composites reinforced with recycled sisal fibers were processed, in order to apply in the manufacture of printed circuit boards. A thermoplastic matrix of recycled polystyrene was used, this material came from waste expanded polystyrene (EPS) used in appliance's packages. Composites were prepared with 15% and 25% of sisal fibers. To obtain the composites, wasted EPS and natural sisal fibers were chosen, to encourage recycling and reuse of household waste and also the use of renewable resources. The composites were analyzed by standard tensile and flexural test, in order to verify the mechanical properties of the material. The characterization of the composite was done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) , thermogravimetry (TGA / DTG) , differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dielectric analysis . The analysis of the results showed that the percentage of fibers in the composite influences directly the thermal and mechanical properties. Plates with a lower percentage of fibers showed superior properties at a higher percentage. The composite material obtained is easy to process and it's use is feasible for the confection of printed circuit boards, considering it's mechanical, thermal and insulative properties