Báculos e placas de xisto : os primórdios da sua investigação

Dá-se a conhecer a existência de uma litografia – a última de um conjunto de 10 representando dolmenes portugueses, relativa a materiais arqueológicos com eles relacionados. Trata-se das primeiras reproduções de um báculo e de quatro placas de xisto executadas em Portugal para publicação científica, a qual, contudo, não se veio a concretizar, em resultado da extinção em 1868 da Segunda Comissão Geológica de Portugal. Através da pesquisa bibliográfica foi possível traçar o percurso de tais exemplares desde a época em que se conservavam no museu da referida comissão até ao seu actual paradeiro no Museu Nacional de Arqueologia, passando pelo Museu da Escola Politécnica de Lisboa. Tal realidade reflecte as vicissitudes da investigação pré-histórica em Portugal na segunda metade do século XIX / inícios do século XX.

Casa de embalagem de placas planas recicladas e tetra pak®: alternativa econômica e viável para a produção integrada de morango.

De acordo com Brasil (1997a, 1997b), as áreas de manipulação de alimento, como as Casas de embalagens de morango, devem atender a uma série de critérios. Os pisos devem ser de material resistente ao trânsito, impermeáveis, laváveis, antiderrapantes, não possuírem frestas e serem fáceis de limpar ou desinfetar. As superfícieis devem ser de material de fácil higienização. Atualmente, na região produtora de morango de Atibaia e Jarinu (SP), grande parte das Casas de embalagem convencionais são precárias, feitas somente de uma estrutura de madeira sem revestimento, coberta por folhas de Tetra Pak® e chão de terra-batida. Essas Casas não oferecem as condições mínimas de higiene previstas pelas Portarias mencionadas nem nas Normas Técnicas Específicas da Produção Integrada de Morango - NTE-PIMo (BRASIL, 2008), que estão sendo adotadas por um grupo de produtores da região. Devido ao fato do chão não ser lavável e as madeiras não receberem tratamento, as construções inadequadas podem se transformar em locais de propagação de patógenos, colocando em risco a segurança do morango embalado. No entanto, a falta de recursos financeiros dos pequenos produtores limita a compra de materiais ideais e de alto custo (aço inoxidável, por exemplo), a serem utilizados na construção. O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar uma proposta de construção de uma Casa de embalagem simples, economicamente viável e que atenda minimamente às normas e portarias mencionadas, usando materiais de baixo custo e disponíveis na região.

Propuesta de mejora en el proceso de inspecciones planeadas de Eternit Colombiana S.A. en el área de producción de placas 1 y placas 2 bajo la norma sistema de clasificación internacional de seguridad (ISRS)

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Conservación y restauración de las placas de linterna del Archivo Lafuente Ferrari

En este documento se describen las actividades llevadas a cabo en el desarrollo de las prácticas extracurriculares del Grado en Conservación y Restauración del Patrimonio Cultural de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Estas prácticas se han realizado en el Departamento de Conservación y Restauración de la Biblioteca Histórica del Marqués de Valdecilla durante los meses de junio y julio de 2016.En este periodo de tiempo se han realizado trabajos encaminados a la conservación y la restauración de parte de la colección de placas de linterna del profesor de Historia del Arte Enrique Lafuente Ferrari, custodiada actualmente en la Biblioteca.Puesto que el archivo se encontraba completamente reinstalado en cajas de cartón de conservación y sobres de cuatro solapas de papel, estos trabajos se basaron principalmente en la revisión del estado de conservación de 12 cajas y en la restauración de un total de 98 placas,y cuyas intervenciones más destacadas quedan reflejadas en este documento de trabajo.

O Google Earth na aprendizagem da “Tectónica de Placas”, numa turma de 7.º ano de escolaridade

Este relatório, produzido no contexto do Mestrado em Ciências da Educação – Especialização em Utilização Pedagógica das TIC, apresenta um estudo desenvolvido numa turma do 7.º ano, no âmbito da lecionação do conteúdo “Tectónica de Placas”. A investigação teve por base a seguinte questão: Quais as potencialidades do Google Earth como recurso educativo? Procurando dar reposta a esta questão, foi construído um recurso educativo no Google Earth, implementando-o na aprendizagem da “Tectónica de Placas”, numa turma de 7.º ano de escolaridade. De modo a avaliar o sucesso da utilização deste recurso, delinearam-se os seguintes objetivos: analisar a eficácia e eficiência da utilização do recurso educativo concebido no Google Earth na aprendizagem da “Tectónica de Placas”; avaliar o grau de motivação e satisfação dos alunos ao utilizarem o Google Earth na aprendizagem da “Tectónica de Placas”; identificar dificuldades e desafios inerentes à utilização do Google Earth na aprendizagem da “Tectónica de Placas”, numa turma de 7.º ano de escolaridade. O estudo consubstancia uma investigação sobre a própria prática, seguindo uma metodologia de carácter exploratório de natureza mista. A professora constituiu o principal instrumento de recolha de dados, desempenhando simultaneamente os papéis de professora da turma e de investigadora. Para a recolha de dados foram privilegiados os diários de bordo, as grelhas de observação, o inquérito e as produções dos alunos. Da análise dos resultados, conclui-se que a utilização do Google Earth na lecionação do conteúdo “Tectónica de Placas” diversificou e potenciou as formas de interação na sala de aula. A gestão do tempo foi otimizada, cumprindo-se o planificado em menos tempo que o previsto. Durante a implementação da atividade, tornou-se visível um desenvolvimento progressivo da capacidade de autonomia dos alunos. Também a aprendizagem vi colaborativa conheceu um incremento muito significativo, ao mesmo tempo que o ritmo individual de aprendizagem dos alunos foi inteiramente respeitado. A generalidade dos alunos gostou de explorar o Google Earth e de concretizar as questões do guião de trabalho com recurso ao Google Earth. Em suma, os alunos tiveram um papel ativo na execução da atividade, revelaram-se motivados e satisfeitos com a mesma, manifestando vontade de repetir esta experiência de aprendizagem aplicada a outras temáticas. Dessa forma, a utilização do Google Earth revelou-se eficaz e eficiente no ensino e aprendizagem da “Tectónica de Placas”.

SELECCIONES DE SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN: Deriva Continental y Tectónica de Placas

Traducción de la obra fundamental de las modernas concepciones geofísicas y geológicas.  Editorial Blume

Durabilidade de compósito biomassa vegetal-cimento modificado por polímero

The durability of the cellulose-cement composites is a decisive factor to introduce such material in the market. Polymers have been used in concrete and mortar production to increase its durability. The goal of this work was the physical and mechanical characterization of cellulose-cement composites modified by a polymer and the subsequent durability evaluation. The work also evaluated the dispersion of acrylic polymer in composites made of Pinus caribaea residues. The physical properties observed were water absorption by immersion and bulk density. Rupture modulus and toughness were determined by flexural test. The specimens were obtained from pads, produced by pressing and wet curing. Samples were subjected to accelerated aging tests by repeated wetting and drying cycles and hot-water bath and natural aging. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) allowed verifying the fiber and composite characteristics along the time. For the composite range analyzed, it was observed the polymer improved the mechanical properties of composites besides a significant decreasing in water absorption. The use of polymer improved the performance of vegetable fiber-cement composites when compared to the conventional mortar, due to water absorption decreasing.

Efeito da adição de cinza da casca de arroz em misturas cimento-casca de arroz

The rice husk and its ash are abundant and renewable and can be used to obtain alternative building materials. An increase in the consumption of such waste could help minimize the environmental problems from their improper disposal. This study aimed to evaluate the use of ashes as a cargo mineral (filler). However, the rice husk chemically interferes in the conduct of the based cement mixtures. Thus, different mixes cement-rice husk with and without the addition of ash were evaluated in order to highlight the influence of its components (husk; ash), which could otherwise be excluded or be underestimated. Cylindrical samples (test of simple compression and traction by diametrical compression) and samples extracted from manufactured pressed board (test of bending and parallel compression to the surface), were used to evaluate the behavior of different mixtures of components (rice hush; RHA - rice husk ahs). The results of the mechanical tests showed, in general, there is not a statistical difference between the mixtures, which are associated with the chemical suppressive effect of the rice husk ash. The mixture of rice husk of 10 mm, with an addition of 35% of the rice husk ash, is notable for allowing the highest consumption of rice husk and rice husk ash, to reduce 25% the consumption of cement and to allow the storage (without emissions to the atmosphere), around 1.9 ton of CO2 per ton of cement consumed, thus contributing to the reduction of CO2 emissions, which can stimulate rural constructions under an ecological point of view.

Análise epidemiológica das fraturas acetabulares

This aim of this work was to carry out an epidemiological study on acetabular fractures in the city of Campinas and surrounds, in view of the few published papers on this subject. Medical files with a diagnosis of acetabular fracture between the years 2004 and 2008 that were made available by the Medical Archiving Service of Hospital das Clínicas, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) were analyzed by six observers. Data on patients' ages, sex, side affected by the fracture, mechanism of injury, material used for synthesis, complications of the operation, associated fractures, length of hospitalization before and after the surgery, time of total internment and number of physiotherapy sessions before and after the surgery were gathered. It was observed in this population that the left side was more affected; the mechanism of injury that most often caused this type of fracture was automobile accidents; injuries to the sciatic nerve were the commonest surgical complications; and the synthesis material most used was reconstruction plates.

Unidade Haugh como medida da qualidade de ovos de galinha armazenados sob refrigeração

Alterations in physical, chemical and functional characteristics of egg proteins occur during storage. These changes depend on the storage conditions, mainly duration, temperature and relative humidity. This study examined the fresh egg Haugh unit score and the storage egg Haugh unit score, at room temperature (25°C) and under refrigeration conditions (8°C), during 7, 14 and 21 days of storage. Haugh units and albumin height decreased considerably during storage at room temperature. At 8°C, there was no significant difference in the Haugh unit for different periods of storage, but their values were smaller as compared to fresh eggs. The weight of the eggs was not affected by both storage and temperature. For both temperatures, pH was positively correlated with Haugh units and negatively with the albumin height.

Estudo inicial da degradação in vivo de poli(L-co-D,L ácido lático), sintetizado em laboratório, aplicado como prótese tibial em coelhos

The copolymer poly (L-co-D,L lactic acid), PLDLA, has gained prominence in the field of temporary prostheses due to the fact that their time of degradation is quite compatible with the requirement in the case of osseous fracture. In this work the in vivo degradation of devices from copolymer, as a system of plates and screws, used in fixation of the tibia of rabbits was studied. The devices were implanted in 15 adult rabbits, albinos, New Zealand race, and they were used as control devices of alloys of titanium (Ti-6Al-4V/ V grade). The use of copolymers, synthesized in the laboratory, was tested in the repair of fracture in rabbits'tibias, being assessed in the following times: 2 weeks, 2 months and 3 months. Morphological analysis of tissue surrounding the plate and screw system, for 2 weeks of implantation, showed the presence of osteoblasts, indicating a pre bone formation. After 2 months there was new bone formation in the region in contact with the polymer. This bone growth occurred simultaneously with the process of PLDLA degradation, invading the region where there was polymer and after 3 months there was an intense degradation of the copolymer and hence greater tissue invasion compared to 2 months which characterized bone formation in a region where the polymer degraded. The in vivo degradation study of the devices for PLDLA by means of histological evaluations during the period of consolidation of the fracture showed the efficiency of plate and screw system, and it was possible to check formation of bone tissue at the implantation site, without the presence of inflammatory reaction

Antibacterial activity of root canal filling materials for primary teeth: zinc oxide and eugenol cement, Calen paste thickened with zinc oxide, Sealapex and EndoREZ

This study evaluated in vitro the antibacterial activity of 4 root canal filling materials for primary teeth - zinc oxide and eugenol cement (ZOE), Calen paste thickened with zinc oxide (Calen/ZO), Sealapex sealer and EndoREZ sealer - against 5 bacterial strains commonly found in endodontic infections (Kocuria rhizophila, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus) using the agar diffusion test (agar-well technique). Calen paste, 1% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX) and distilled water served as controls. Seven wells per dish were made at equidistant points and immediately filled with the test and control materials. After incubation of the plates at 37oC for 24 h, the diameter of the zones of bacterial growth inhibition produced around the wells was measured (in mm) with a digital caliper under reflected light. Data were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test (?=0.05). There were statistically significant differences (p<0.0001) among the zones of bacterial growth inhibition produced by the different materials against all target microorganisms. K. rhizophila was inhibited more effectively (p<0.05) by ZOE, while Calen/ZO had its highest antibacterial activity against E. faecalis (p<0.05). S. mutans was inhibited by Calen/ZO, Sealapex and ZOE in the same intensity (p>0.05). E. coli was inhibited more effectively (p<0.05) by ZOE, followed by Calen/ZO and Sealapex. Calen/ZO and ZOE were equally effective (p>0.05) against S. aureus, while Sealapex had the lowest antibacterial efficacy (p<0.05) against this microorganism. EndoREZ presented antibacterial activity only against K. rhizophila and S. aureus. The Calen paste and Calen/ZO produced larger zones of inhibition than 1% CHX when the marker microorganism was E faecalis. In conclusion, the in vitro antibacterial activity of the 4 root canal filling materials for primary teeth against bacterial strains commonly found in endodontic infections can be presented in a decreasing order of efficacy as follows: ZOE>Calen/ZO>Sealapex>EndoREZ.

Prevalence of mutans streptococci isolated from complete dentures and their susceptibility to mouthrinses

The aims of this study were to evaluate the incidence of mutans streptococci (MS - sessile form) on complete maxillary dentures after use of a specific denture paste, and to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and maximum inhibitory dilution (MID) of 3 oral mouthrinses: Cepacol, Plax and Periogard. Seventy-seven complete denture wearers were randomly assigned into 2 groups, according to the product used for denture cleaning: Control group - conventional dentifrice (Kolynos-Super White); and Test group: experimental denture cleaning paste. Denture biofilm was collected at baseline and after 90 and 180 days after treatment by brushing the dentures with saline solution. After decimal serial dilution, samples were seeded onto agar sucrose bacitracin to count colonies with morphological characteristics of MS. MS identification was performed by the sugar fermentation tests. After this procedure, brain heart infusion broth (BHI) was added to oral mouthrinses (Plax, Cepacol e Periogard) and seeded on Petri dishes. The colonies were seeded using the Steers multiplier and, after the incubation, the MIC and MID of the mouthrinses were calculated. The results showed an incidence of 74.0% (n=57) of MS in the 77 complete dentures examined in the study, being 76.3% (n=29) of the Control group (conventional dentifrice) and 71.8% (28) of the Test group (experimental denture cleaning paste). In both groups, the number of positive cases for MS decreased from day 0 to day 180. In the Test group there was a slight decrease in the incidence of Streptococcus mutans 90 days after use of the experimental denture cleaning paste, which was not observed in the Control group. As regards to mouthrinses, for both groups, Periogard showed antimicrobial action with the highest dilution, followed by Cepacol and Plax. In conclusion, the incidence of MS in complete dentures was high and Periogard was the mouthrinse with the strongest antimicrobial action against MS. The experimental denture cleaning paste showed a slight action against S. mutans after 90 days of treatment.

Analysis of TMJ vibration sounds before and after use of two types of occlusal splints

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) sounds are important and common physical signs of temporomandibular disorders (TMD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the effect of the use of occlusal bite splints (stabilizing and repositioning) on the sounds produced in the TMJ, by means of the electrovibratography (EVG). Thirty-one patients with TMD from the Dental School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Brazil were selected for this study. Group 1 (n=23) wore stabilizing bite splints and Group 2 (n=8) used anterior repositioning splints. Before and after treatment with occlusal splints both groups were analyzed using the SonoPAK Q/S recording system (BioResearch System, Inc.). The treatments with stabilizing bite splints were satisfactory, since they reduced the total amount of the sound energies (p<0.05), but the use of anterior repositioning splints for no more than 4 weeks produced significantly better results (p<0.01). The total amount of vibration energy involved in the vibrating movements of the TMJ showed significant improvement using anterior repositioning splints.