Personal Indebtedness, Spatial Effects and Crime

There is a long and detailed history of attempts to understand what causes crime. One of the most prominent strands of this literature has sought to better understand the relationship between economic conditions and crime. Following Becker (1968), the economic argument is that in an attempt to maintain consumption in the face of unemployment, people may resort to sources of illicit income. In a similar manner, we might expect ex–ante, that increases in the level of personal indebtedness would be likely to provide similar incentives to engage in criminality. In this paper we seek to understand the spatial pattern of property and theft crimes using a range of socioeconomic variables, including data on the level of personal indebtedness.

Violència contra les dones: anàlisi de la situació psicològica personal i interpersonal d'un grup de dones maltractades

Aquest projecte és la continuació d'un estudi pilot finançat per l'Institut Català de les Dones (U/01-6). Es va anar incrementant la grandària de la mostra -avaluant les característiques del maltractament, la simptomatologia, la personalitat i la seva percepció de la relació de parella-, fins que el 2003 -i gràcies a l'ajut del Departament de Benestar i Família-, dins la Fundació Vidal i Barraquer es va crear un servei d'assistència pública especialitzat en atendre dones maltractades (UNADOM); lloc on durant el 2006 hem desenvolupat el treball que ara presentem. L'objectiu general d'aquest estudi transversal consistia en analitzar la situació psicosocial d'un grup de dones maltractades que acudien a la UNADOM, afegint com a element novedós l'avaluació dels estils d'enfrontament que les dones fan servir després de l'experiència abusiva viscuda. Els instruments utilitzats són l'MCMI-II (Millon, 1999), la DAS (Spanier, 1976), el COPE (Carver et al., 1989) i una adaptació de l’Entrevista Semiestructurada sobre Maltractament Domèstic (Echeburúa et al., 1994). Es recull informació d'un total de 50 dones, 17 de les quals han completat la mesura sobre l'enfrontament. Els resultats indiquen que les escales de personalitat que apareixen més alterades són l'esquizoide, la dependent i l'evitativa, i que aquestes són coherents amb les actituds defensives i les estratègies d'enfrontament predominants de les dones de la mostra. A nivell clínic, i segons l’experiència assistencial, es conclou amb la importància de realitzar entrevistes exploratòries acurades ja que això facilita la indicació terapèutica més adient i la focalització de l'ajuda.

Personal Indebtedness, Spatial Effects and Crime

There is a long and detailed history of attempts to understand what causes crime. One of the most prominent strands of this literature has sought to better understand the relationship between economic conditions and crime. Following Becker (1968), the economic argument is that in an attempt to maintain consumption in the face of unemployment, people may resort to sources of illicit income. In a similar manner, we might expect ex–ante, that increases in the level of personal indebtedness would be likely to provide similar incentives to engage in criminality. In this paper we seek to understand the spatial pattern of property and theft crimes using a range of socioeconomic variables, including data on the level of personal indebtedness.

Scheduled Service Versus Personal Transportation: The Role of Distance

This paper presents a theoretical and empirical analysis of the relationship be- tween frequency of scheduled transportation services and their substitutability with personal transportation (using distance as a proxy). We study the interaction between a monopoly firm providing a high-speed scheduled service and private transportation (i.e., car). Interestingly, the carrier chooses to increase the frequency of service on longer routes when competing with personal transportation because by providing higher frequency (at extra cost) it can also charge higher fares which can boost its profits. However, in line with the results of earlier studies, frequency decreases for longer flights when driving is not a viable option. An empirical application of our analysis to the European airline industry confirms the predictions of our theoretical model. Keywords: short-haul routes; long-haul routes; flight frequency; distance JEL Classification Numbers: L13; L2; L93

Personal indebtedness, community characteristics and theft crimes

Becker (1968) and Stigler (1970) provide the germinal works for an economic analysis of crime, and their approach has been utilised to consider the response of crime rates to a range of economic, criminal and socioeconomic factors. Until recently however this did not extend to a consideration of the role of personal indebtedness in explaining the observed pattern of crime. This paper uses the Becker (1968) and Stigler (1970) framework, and extends to a fuller consideration of the relationship between economic hardship and theft crimes in an urban setting. The increase in personal debt in the past decade has been significant, which combined with the recent global recession, has led to a spike in personal insolvencies. In the context of the recent recession it is important to understand how increases in personal indebtedness may spillover into increases in social problems like crime. This paper uses data available at the neighbourhood level for London, UK on county court judgments (CCJ's) granted against residents in that neighbourhood, this is our measure of personal indebtedness, and examines the relationship between a range of community characteristics (economic, socio-economic, etc), including the number of CCJ's granted against residents, and the observed pattern of theft crimes for three successive years using spatial econometric methods. Our results confirm that theft crimes in London follow a spatial process, that personal indebtedness is positively associated with theft crimes in London, and that the covariates we have chosen are important in explaining the spatial variation in theft crimes. We identify a number of interesting results, for instance that there is variation in the impact of covariates across crime types, and that the covariates which are important in explaining the pattern of each crime type are largely stable across the three periods considered in this analysis.

Jordi Rubió i Balaguer, una visió personal

Treball de recerca realitzat per un alumne d'ensenyament secundari i guardonat amb un Premi CIRIT per fomentar l'esperit científic del Jovent l'any 2009. Aquest treball ha tingut dos objectius principals: conèixer la figura de Jordi Rubió i Balaguer,erudit català polifacètic (bibliotecari, professor, historiador de la literatura catalana i de la cultura en general), i escriure sobre el que va aconseguir per després donar-lo a conèixer a tothom. Un dels punts més interessants del treball ha estat donar una nova visió sobre la seva figura, explicant el context i l’època en què visqué i enregistrant les converses entre l’autor i la seva àvia, filla de J.Rubió, en què recorda anècdotes i impressions del passat. Aquestes gravacions i les cartes trobades a l’Arxiu Rubió són inèdites i exclusives d'aquest treball. Al principi, s’hi explica la família de J.R.B i els seus precedents, seguit de la formació acadèmica i la maduració a Barcelona, Madrid i Hamburg. Després d’això, es parla del context polític i l’obra cultural dels anys de la Mancomunitat (1914-1925), com també d’algunes institucions com la Biblioteca de Catalunya, l'Escola de Bibliotecàries i les Biblioteques Populars, que dirigí. Abans de parlar de la seva vida personal, es fa referència a la situació cultural de Catalunya durant els anys 1925-1939. Tot això, per entendre la vida d’aquest home extraordinari que treballà tenaçment i amb vocació de servei al país durant tota la seva vida, si bé el 1939 va ser desposseït dels seus càrrecs per la dictadura franquista. Aquest treball se centra en el període anterior a 1939, durant el qual Rubió va dur una activitat frenètica.

La mort d'Ananias et Saphira (Ac 5,1-11) dans la stratégie narrative de Luc

L'histoire du jugement de Dieu sur Ananias et Saphira (Ac 5.1-11) compte parmi les épisodes les plus pathétiques du livre des Actes. L'art lucanien de la dramatisation atteint ici un sommet. La fin tragique d'Ananias foudroyé par la parole dénonciatrice de Pierre, son enterrement hâtif, puis la venue de Saphira ignorante du drame, son mensonge public suivi de sa mort annoncée sur un ton d'humour noir (5.9b): l'effet pragmatique cherché par le narrateur est programmé par le scénario; il s'inscrit aussi dans le texte lui-même: 'un grand effroi saisit ceux qui l'entendaient' (5.5, 11). L'histoire est destinée à provoquer la crainte.

Saul's Conversion (Acts 9-22-26) and the Multiplication of Narrative in Acts

(Résumé de l'ouvrage) The essays in this collection come from a research symposium involving the universities of Manchester and Lausanne. The essays cover a wide range of mutually-enriching approaches to the study of the Lukan writings. Aspects considered include Luke's use of the term 'Son of Man', his use of scripture, his literary achievements, and the issue of 'godfearers' in Acts.

Quelle assistance psychologique pour les couples requérant une aide médicale à la procréation [Which psychological support for couples seeking medical assistance for procreation?]

OBJECTIVES: The objective of our qualitative study was to define modalities of psychological support to be offered to couples seeking medically assisted procreation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Forty couples participated in a semi-structured videotaped interview, which touched on themes such as personal and family histories, the couple's relationship, etc. We focused on the "narrative mobility", that is the way in which the couples transmit their personal and family history during the interview and the interviewer's impression that he may or may not share this with the couples. RESULTS: Observed differences in narrative mobility led us to distinguish three groups of couples and to propose various types of psychological support. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This exploratory study, with its interest for the narrative mobility, concerns the couples' capacity to stand back from their own story as responsible interlocutors. We made the hypothesis that this capacity is linked to their capacity to handle their emotional stress, to act as partners to the medical team and to prepare themselves for their future parenthood.

Some personal views on the control of schistosomiasis mansoni

Our views are based, on a recent study of a district of Uniao dos Palmares (Alagoas). Although being a very compact community (32 city blocks holding two thousand families), transmission is very uneven, the geometric mean egg counts in the various blocks ranging between extremes of 96 and 1920. (Results do not correlate with the availability of domestic water supply). We thus are led to conclude that: (a) transmission is primarily peridomestic, resulting from pollution of open ditches and other collections of water; (b) control of transmission can be done on a selective basis, requiring quite medest investments. Given the inefficacy of population-based chemotherapy, when used alone, the author insists that this alternative cannot any longer be overlooked. He also regrets the emphasis placed upon vaccine development; allegations that this would, at any rate, prevent severe morbidity can be dismissed, since-whatever the cause-morbidity due to schistosomiasis has been rapidly declining in Northeast Brazil.

Collective victimisation and collective guilt in the former Yugoslavia : the interplay between individual, local and societal levels

The thesis examines the impact of collective war victimization on individuals' readiness to accept or assign collective guilt for past war atrocities. As a complement to previous studies, its aim is to articulate an integrated approach to collective victimization, which distinguishes between individual-, communal-, and societal-level consequences of warfare. Building on a social representation approach, it is guided by the assumption that individuals form beliefs about a conflict through their personal experiences of victimization, communal experiences of warfare that occur in their proximal surrounding, and the mass- mediatised narratives that circulate in a society's public sphere. Four empirical studies test the hypothesis that individuals' beliefs about the conflict depend on the level and type of war experiences to which they have been exposed, that is, on informative and normative micro and macro contexts in which they are embedded. The studies have been conducted in the context of the Yugoslav wars that attended the breakup of Yugoslavia, a series of wars fought between 1991 and 2001 during which numerous war atrocities were perpetrated causing a massive victimisation of population. To examine the content and impact of war experiences at each level of analysis, the empirical studies employed various methodological strategies, from quantitative analyses of a representative public opinion survey, to qualitative analyses of media content and political speeches. Study 1 examines the impact of individual- and communal- level war experiences on individuals' acceptance and assignment of collective guilt. It further examines the impact of the type of communal level victimization: exposure to symmetric (i.e., violence that similarly affects members of different ethnic groups, including adversaries) and asymmetric violence. The main goal of Study 2 is to examine the structural and political circumstances that enhance collective guilt assignment. While the previous studies emphasize the role of past victimisation, Study 2 tests the assumption that the political demobilisation strategy employed by elites facing public discontent in the collective system-threatening circumstances can fuel out-group blame. Studies 3 and 4 have been conducted predominantly in the context of Croatia and examine rhetoric construction of the dominant politicized narrative of war in a public sphere (Study 3) and its maintenance through public delegitimization of alternative (critical) representations (Study 4). Study 4 further examines the likelihood that highly identified group members adhere to publicly delegitimized critical stances on war. - Cette thèse étudie l'impact de la victimisation collective de guerre sur la capacité des individus à accepter ou à attribuer une culpabilité collective liée à des atrocités commises en temps de guerre. En compléments aux recherches existantes, le but de ce travail est de définir une approche intégrative de la victimisation collective, qui distingue les conséquences de la guerre aux niveaux individuel, régional et sociétal. En partant de l'approche des représentations sociales, cette thèse repose sur le postulat que les individus forment des croyances sur un conflit au travers de leurs expériences personnelles de victimisation, de leurs expériences de guerre lorsque celle-ci se déroule près d'eux, ainsi qu'au travers des récits relayés par les mass media. Quatre études testent l'hypothèse que les croyances des individus dépendent des niveaux et des types d'expériences de guerre auxquels ils ont été exposés, c'est-à-dire, des contextes informatifs et normatifs, micro et macro dans lesquels ils sont insérés. Ces études ont été réalisées dans le contexte des guerres qui, entre 1991 et 2001, ont suivi la dissolution de la Yougoslavie et durant lesquelles de nombreuses atrocités de guerre ont été commises, causant une victimisation massive de la population. Afin d'étudier le contenu et l'impact des expériences de guerre sur chaque niveau d'analyse, différentes stratégies méthodologiques ont été utilisées, des analyses quantitatives sur une enquête représentative d'opinion publique aux analyses qualitatives de contenu de médias et de discours politiques. L'étude 1 étudie l'impact des expériences de guerre individuelles et régionales sur l'acceptation et l'attribution de la culpabilité collective par les individus. Elle examine aussi l'impact du type de victimisation régionale : exposition à la violence symétrique (i.e., violence qui touche les membres de différents groupes ethniques, y compris les adversaires) et asymétrique. L'étude 2 se penche sur les circonstances structurelles et politiques qui augmentent l'attribution de culpabilité collective. Alors que les recherches précédentes ont mis l'accent sur le rôle de la victimisation passée, l'étude 2 teste l'hypothèse que la stratégie de démobilisation politique utilisée par les élites pour faire face à l'insatisfaction publique peut encourager l'attribution de la culpabilité à l'exogroupe. Les études 3 et 4 étudient, principalement dans le contexte croate, la construction rhétorique du récit de guerre politisé dominant (étude 3) et son entretien à travers la délégitimation publique des représentations alternatives (critiques] (étude 4). L'étude 4 examine aussi la probabilité qu'ont les membres de groupe fortement identifiés d'adhérer à des points de vue sur la guerre critiques et publiquement délégitimés.

The impact of past direct-personal traumatic events on 12-month outcome in first episode psychotic mania: trauma and early psychotic mania.

OBJECTIVE: Past traumatic events have been associated with poorer clinical outcomes in people with bipolar disorder. However, the impact of these events in the early stages of the illness remains unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate whether prior traumatic events were related to poorer outcomes 12 months following a first episode of psychotic mania. METHODS: Traumatic events were retrospectively evaluated from patient files in a sample of 65 participants who had experienced first episode psychotic mania. Participants were aged between 15 and 28 years and were treated at a specialised early psychosis service. Clinical outcomes were measured by a variety of symptomatic and functioning scales at the 12-month time-point. RESULTS: Direct-personal traumatic experiences prior to the onset of psychotic mania were reported by 48% of the sample. Participants with past direct-personal trauma had significantly higher symptoms of mania (p=0.02), depression (p=0.03) and psychopathology (p=0.01) 12 months following their first episode compared to participants without past direct-personal trauma, with medium to large effects observed. After adjusting for baseline scores, differences in global functioning (as measured by the Global Assessment of Functioning scale) were non-significant (p=0.05); however, participants with past direct-personal trauma had significantly poorer social and occupational functioning (p=0.04) at the 12-month assessment with medium effect. CONCLUSIONS: Past direct-personal trauma may predict poorer symptomatic and functional outcomes after first episode psychotic mania. Limitations include that the findings represent individuals treated at a specialist early intervention centre for youth and the retrospective assessment of traumatic events may have been underestimated.

Entrer dans le monde du récit biblique en suivant l'analyse narrative

L'analyse narrative permet d'apprécier comment une théologie se dit en narrativité. L'analyse narrative fait réaliser que la construction d'une intrigue, le dispositif d'un réseau de personnages ou la gestion de la temporalité sont autant d'indicateurs de l'intention théologique qu'un énoncé kérygmatique ou une confession de foi. C'est rendre justice aux auteurs bibliques que s'instruire des outils dont ils ont usé pour construire leur récit, quand bien même la théorisation narratologique leur était étrangère. Enfin, l'analyse narrative offre un appareil de lecture et un métalangage simple

Personal experience with diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of human Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis in Três Braços

Diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of human infection with Leishmania (Viannia) braziliensis found in the littoral forest of the state of Bahia are reviewed. There is pressing need for alternative cheap oral drug therapy.