Parâmetros termodinâmicos da casca de laranja desidratada

The global energy scenario is currently a widely discussed topic, with growing concern about the future supplies. Thus, much attention has been dedicated to the utilization of biomass as an energy resource. In this respect, orange peel has become a material of great interest, especially to Brazil, which generates around 9.5 million tons of this waste per year. To this end, the authors studied the kinetics of the thermal processing of dried orange peel in inert and oxidizing atmosphere. The thermodynamic parameters were determined by the Ozawa-Flynn-Wall method for the global process observed during heating from the 25 degrees C up to 800 degrees C. The thermal analysis in air and nitrogen showed 3-2 stages of mass loss, respectively, with approximately 20% residual mass under a nitrogen atmosphere. The increase in the values of activation energy for the conversion points between 20% and 60% for thermal effects in air and nitrogen atmosphere was observed. The activation energy obtained in an oxidizing atmosphere was higher than that obtained under a nitrogen atmosphere. The fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the material has a high level of complexity with the presence of alkali and alkaline earth groups as well as phosphate, plus substances such as pectin, cellulose and lignin.

Pectinases From Sphenophorus levis Vaurie, 1978 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae): Putative Accessory Digestive Enzymes

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Effects of edible coatings on convective drying and characteristics of the dried pineapple

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Caracterização bromatológica de frutos e geleias de amora-preta

The blackberry fruit is highly perishable and therefore its use is preferentially industrial. However, there is few information in the literature about the effect of products processing made of blackberry. In this study, it was evaluated blackberry fruits and jellies from three different stages of harvest. The aim was the bromatological, quantification of total and soluble pectin and macro and micronutrients from fruits and jellies. The results showed that the blackberry presents a high potential for industrialization since most of the compounds evaluated there were no big changes resulted from the processing.

Preparação de novos nanobiocompósitos comestíveis ativos contendo nanoemulsão de canela e pectina

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Micropartículas de goma gelana revestidas com filmes de amido resistente/pectina como estratégia para administração oral de insulina

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Alterações do abacate 'hass' submetidos à aplicação do 1-MCP

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)

Qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos de jabuticaba tratada por hidrotermia

This study aimed to evaluate the hydrothermal effect on conservation of two jabuticaba fruits, Myrciaria jabuticaba Vell. Berg. Fruits were subjected to thermal treatment by 10 min at 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 ºC and wrapped into expanded polystyrene trays, stored at 9 ºC and 85-90% RH, being evaluated every 5 d. Shelf life, weight loss, respiratory rate, soluble solids, titrable acidity, texture, C vitamin, pH, total and soluble pectin and polypheno loxidase activity were evaluated. Lower shelf life was observed for control treatment (31 d) and largest was found at 15, 20 and 25 ºC (45 d). A sligthly delay was observed in the breathing pick at 15, 20 and 25 ºC at 25 d and not in the 20 d as observed in the other treatments. Soluble solids increased with storage time for all of temperature treatment, but at 15, 20 and 25 ºC increase was smaller. Texture an C vitamin were higher in fruits stored at 25 ºC. Soluble pectin was smaller at the end of storage period, at temperatures of 20 and 25 ºC. Polyphenoloxidase activity decreased along 30 d regardless storage temperature. Treatments at 20 and 25 ºC were the most effective for mainteining posthaverst quality of the jabuticaba fruits.

Caracterização química e sensorial de bebida mista de soja e uva

The aim of this study was to produce mix beverages of grape juice and soybean hydrosoluble extract (SHE) in laboratory scale. The raw materials were soybean (variety BRS 213), grape (species Vitis labrusca, variety Niagara Rosada), citric pectin, water and sugar. The mix beverage was produced with different proportions of SHE and grape juice (1:1; 1:1.5 and 1:2; respectively; m/m) and different soluble solids concentrations (10, 12 and 14 °Brix) obtained by adding granulated sugar (sucrose). Soybean hydrosoluble extract, grape juice and mix beverages were chemically analyzed (humidity, ash, protein, lipids, carbohydrate, reducing sugars, total reducing sugars, sucrose, titratable acidity and pH). The mix beverages were sensorial analyzed through the acceptance test (hedonic scale). The results of chemically analyzed were expressed as mean and standard deviation and the results of sensorial analyzed were submitted to variance analysis and the means were compared using the Tukey test at 5% of probability. The pH of mix beverages was lower than 3.9, without addition of acidulants. Sugar addition to mix beverages (10; 12 and 14ºBrix) increased the levels of soluble solids, total reducing sugar and carbohydrates, but it did not interfere in the reducing sugar concentration. The increased proportion of grape juice in mix beverages allowed observing the elevation of titratable acidity and reducing sugars levels, as well as the pH reduction. The increase of grape juice in mix beverage did not interfere in the acceptance of mix beverages. The more sweetened beverages were preferred by the sensory panel.

Análise energética de bebida mista de extrato hidrossolúvel de soja e suco de amora

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)

Avaliação enzimática na pós-colheita do maná cubiu tratados com radiação gama

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of gamma radiation on fruit quality and conservation of mana cubiu through its enzymatic characteristics, with 20 days of storage and 5 taken every 4 days. The fruits selected were subjected to different doses of gamma radiation Co60 (0.0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6 and 0.8 kGy) packaged in trays of expanded polyethylene then covered with stretchable PVC film associated with refrigerated stored at 10 ± 3°C e 85 ± 5% de UR and evaluated in six periods (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 e 20 days). The variables evaluated were: enzymatic activity of pectin (PME), polygalacturonase (PG), polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD). For PG there was no interaction between dose and storage on the day 16 the highest value to 640.10 UE min-1 g-1 and 0.8 kGy dose showed the lowest with 376.37 10 UE min-1 g-1. PME now get in 16 days and 0.8 kGy dose the highest values of the experiment, to 290.74 UE min-1 g-1. In POF, the day 16 presented the value of 0.26 min-1 g-1 of dry mass-1. In 20 days the fruits of all treatments provided the highest values of POD during the experiment. The results showed that different doses of gamma radiation does not interfere with the activity of the enzymes determined in this experiment.

Multivariate analysis of fresh-cut carambola slices stored under different temperatures

Quality of fresh-cut carambola (Averrhoa carambola L) is related to many chemical and biochemical variables especially those involved with softening and browning, both influenced by storage temperature. To study these effects, a multivariate analysis was used to evaluate slices packaged in vacuum-sealed polyolefin bags, and stored at 2.5 degrees C, 5 degrees C and 10 degrees C, for up to 16 d. The quality of slices at each temperature was correlated with the duration of storage, O(2) and CO(2) concentration in the package, physical chemical constituents, and activity of enzymes involved in softening (PG) and browning (PPO) metabolism. Three quality groups were identified by hierarchical cluster analysis, and the classification of the components within each of these groups was obtained from a principal component analysis (PCA). The characterization of samples by PCA clearly distinguished acceptable and non-acceptable slices. According to PCA, acceptable slices presented higher ascorbic acid content, greater hue angles ((o)h) and final lightness (L-5) in the first principal component (PC1). On the other hand, non-acceptable slices presented higher total pectin content. PPO activity in the PC1. Non-acceptable slices also presented higher soluble pectin content, increased pectin solubilisation and higher CO(2) concentration in the second principal component (PC2) whereas acceptable slices showed lower total sugar content. The hierarchical cluster and PCA analyses were useful for discriminating the quality of slices stored at different temperatures. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Isolation and characterisation of aerobic endospore forming Bacilli from sugarcane rhizosphere for the selection of strains with agriculture potentialities

Eighteen aerobic endospore forming strains were isolated from sugarcane rhizosphere in N-free medium. A phenotypic description and analysis of the 5' end hypervariable region sequences of 16S rRNA revealed a high diversity of Bacillus and related genera. Isolates were identified, and four genera were obtained: seven strains belonged to Bacillus (Bacillaceae family), four belonged to Paenibacillus, six belonged to Brevibacillus and one strain was identified as Cohnella (Paenibacillaceae family). Four Brevibacillus strains showed in vitro inhibitory activity against plant pathogens fungi Curvularia and Fusarium. Seventy-four percent of the isolated bacteria grew on pectin as the only carbon source, showing polygalacturonase activity. Pectate lyase activity was detected for the first time in a Brevibacillus genus strain. All isolates showed endoglucanase activity. Calcium phosphate solubilisation was positive in 83.3% of the isolates, with higher values than those reported for Bacillus inorganic phosphate solubilising strains. High ethylene plant hormone secretion in the culture medium was detected in 22% of the bacteria. This is the first report of ethylene secretion in Paenibacillaceae isolates. Indole-3-acetic acid production was found in a Brevibacillus genus isolate. It was reported for the first time the presence of Cohnella genus strain on sugarcane rhizosphere bearing plant growth promoting traits. The sugarcane isolate Brevibacillus B65 was identified as a plant growth inoculant because it showed wider spectra of plant stimulation capabilities, including an antifungal effect, extracellular hydrolases secretion, inorganic phosphate solubilisation and plant hormone liberation. In this work, sugarcane was shown to be a suitable niche for finding aerobic endospore forming 'Bacilli' with agriculture biotechnological purposes.

The capability of endophytic fungi for production of hemicellulases and related enzymes

Abstract Background There is an imperative necessity for alternative sources of energy able to reduce the world dependence of fossil oil. One of the most successful options is ethanol obtained mainly from sugarcane and corn fermentation. The foremost residue from sugarcane industry is the bagasse, a rich lignocellulosic raw material uses for the production of ethanol second generation (2G). New cellulolytic and hemicellulytic enzymes are needed, in order to optimize the degradation of bagasse and production of ethanol 2G. Results The ability to produce hemicellulases and related enzymes, suitable for lignocellulosic biomass deconstruction, was explored using 110 endophytic fungi and 9 fungi isolated from spoiled books in Brazil. Two initial selections were performed, one employing the esculin gel diffusion assay, and the other by culturing on agar plate media with beechwood xylan and liquor from the hydrothermal pretreatment of sugar cane bagasse. A total of 56 isolates were then grown at 29°C on steam-exploded delignified sugar cane bagasse (DEB) plus soybean bran (SB) (3:1), with measurement of the xylanase, pectinase, β-glucosidase, CMCase, and FPase activities. Twelve strains were selected, and their enzyme extracts were assessed using different substrates. Finally, the best six strains were grown under xylan and pectin, and several glycohydrolases activities were also assessed. These strains were identified morphologically and by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the partial β-tubulin gene (BT2). The best six strains were identified as Aspergillus niger DR02, Trichoderma atroviride DR17 and DR19, Alternaria sp. DR45, Annulohypoxylon stigyum DR47 and Talaromyces wortmannii DR49. These strains produced glycohydrolases with different profiles, and production was highly influenced by the carbon sources in the media. Conclusions The selected endophytic fungi Aspergillus niger DR02, Trichoderma atroviride DR17 and DR19, Alternaria sp. DR45, Annulohypoxylon stigyum DR47 and Talaromyces wortmannii DR49 are excellent producers of hydrolytic enzymes to be used as part of blends to decompose sugarcane biomass at industrial level.

The capability of endophytic fungi for production of hemicellulases and related enzymes

Abstract BACKGROUND: There is an imperative necessity for alternative sources of energy able to reduce the world dependence of fossil oil. One of the most successful options is ethanol obtained mainly from sugarcane and corn fermentation. The foremost residue from sugarcane industry is the bagasse, a rich lignocellulosic raw material uses for the production of ethanol second generation (2G). New cellulolytic and hemicellulytic enzymes are needed, in order to optimize the degradation of bagasse and production of ethanol 2G. RESULTS: The ability to produce hemicellulases and related enzymes, suitable for lignocellulosic biomass deconstruction, was explored using 110 endophytic fungi and 9 fungi isolated from spoiled books in Brazil. Two initial selections were performed, one employing the esculin gel diffusion assay, and the other by culturing on agar plate media with beechwood xylan and liquor from the hydrothermal pretreatment of sugar cane bagasse. A total of 56 isolates were then grown at 29°C on steam-exploded delignified sugar cane bagasse (DEB) plus soybean bran (SB) (3:1), with measurement of the xylanase, pectinase, β-glucosidase, CMCase, and FPase activities. Twelve strains were selected, and their enzyme extracts were assessed using different substrates. Finally, the best six strains were grown under xylan and pectin, and several glycohydrolases activities were also assessed. These strains were identified morphologically and by sequencing the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and the partial β-tubulin gene (BT2). The best six strains were identified as Aspergillus niger DR02, Trichoderma atroviride DR17 and DR19, Alternaria sp. DR45, Annulohypoxylon stigyum DR47 and Talaromyces wortmannii DR49. These strains produced glycohydrolases with different profiles, and production was highly influenced by the carbon sources in the media. CONCLUSIONS: The selected endophytic fungi Aspergillus niger DR02, Trichoderma atroviride DR17 and DR19, Alternaria sp. DR45, Annulohypoxylon stigyum DR47 and Talaromyces wortmannii DR49 are excellent producers of hydrolytic enzymes to be used as part of blends to decompose sugarcane biomass at industrial level.