Evaluation of a MPB70-ELISA to differentiate Mycobacterium bovis from M. avium-sensitized swine

Swine are susceptible to different mycobacteria species, being Mycobacterium bovis an agent of tuberculosis, with most significant zoonotic risks, while M. avium determines a granulomatous lymphadenitis with low zoonotic risk. Currently performed intradermal tests present some important limitations, such as the lack of ability to detect anergic animals or to differentiate among mycobacterial species. In order to improve the TB diagnosis, serological assays have been developed, with encouraging results. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of a MPB70-ELISA in 82 piglets divided into four groups: sensitized by inactivated M. bovis, M. avium, inoculated with oil adjuvant, or with saline solution. The test was able to discriminate between an animal sensitized by M. bovis and animals of the three other groups, including M. avium-sensitized animals; for this reason, we suggest that MPB70-ELISA could be used as a complementary tool for discriminating the agent of the mycobacteriosis, and therefore to diagnose tuberculosis in a swine herd.

Serodiagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection by Cobas Core ELISA in adults from Minas Gerais, Brazil

We evaluated the accuracy of a 2nd generation ELISA to detect Helicobacter pylori infection in adults from a developing country in view of variations in sensitivity and specificity reported for different populations. We studied 97 non-consecutive patients who underwent endoscopy for evaluation of dispeptic symptoms. The presence of H. pylori was determined in antral biopsy specimens by culture, by the preformed urease test and in carbolfuchsin-stained smears. Patients were considered to be H. pylori positive if at least two of the three tests presented a positive result or if the culture was positive, and negative if the three tests were negative. Sixty-five adults (31 with peptic ulcer) were H. pylori positive and 32 adults were H. pylori negative. Antibodies were detected by Cobas Core anti-H. pylori EIA in 62 of 65 H. pylori-positive adults and in none of the negative adults. The sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive values of the test were 95.4, 100, 100 and 91.4%, respectively. The Cobas Core anti-H. pylori EIA presented high sensitivity and specificity when employed for a population in Brazil, permitting the use of the test both to confirm the clinical diagnosis and to perform epidemiologic surveys.

A liquid phase blocking ELISA for the detection of antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus

A liquid phase blocking ELISA (LPB-ELISA) was developed for the detection and measurement of antibodies against infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). The purified and nonpurified virus used as antigen, the capture and detector antibodies, and the chicken hyperimmune sera were prepared and standardized for this purpose. A total of 156 sera from vaccinated and 100 from specific pathogen-free chickens with no recorded contact with the virus were tested. The respective serum titers obtained in the serum neutralization test (SNT) were compared with those obtained in the LPB-ELISA. There was a high correlation (r2 = 0.8926) between the two tests. The LPB-ELISA represents a single test suitable for the rapid detection of antibodies against bronchitis virus in chicken sera, with good sensitivity (88%), specificity (100%) and agreement (95.31%).

The use of filter paper plasticized with polyvinyl alcohol-glutaraldehyde in ELISA

F1-antigen purified from Yersinia pestis was covalently linked to 5-mm diameter filter paper discs plasticized with polyvinyl alcohol-glutaraldehyde. These discs were used both for ELISA and dot-ELISA for the detection of anti-F1 IgG in rabbits. The best conditions were achieved using 1.25 µg of F1 antigen/disc, 3% w/v skim milk in PBS as blocking agent, anti-IgG peroxidase conjugate diluted 12,000 times, and serum from rabbits immunized or not against Y. pestis, diluted 6,400 times. The absorbance values obtained from the comparative study between this procedure and conventional ELISA were not significantly different but the low cost of the reagents employed in ELISA using the filter paper discs plasticized with polyvinyl alcohol-glutaraldehyde makes this method economically attractive.

Comparison of the quantification of caffeine in human plasma by gas chromatography and ELISA

In the present study we evaluated the precision of the ELISA method to quantify caffeine in human plasma and compared the results with those obtained by gas chromatography. A total of 58 samples were analyzed by gas chromatography using a nitrogen-phosphorus detector and routine techniques. For the ELISA test, the samples were diluted to obtain a concentration corresponding to 50% of the absorbance of the standard curve. To determine whether the proximity between the I50 of the standard curve and that of the sample would bring about a more precise result, the samples were divided into three blocks according to the criterion of difference, in modulus, of the I50 of the standard curve and of the I50 of the sample. The samples were classified into three groups. The first was composed of 20 samples with I50 up to 1.5 ng/ml, the second consisted of 21 samples with I50 ranging from 1.51 to 3 ng/ml, and the third of 17 samples with I50 ranging from 3.01 to 13 ng/ml. The determination coefficient (R² = 0.999) showed that the data obtained by gas chromatography represented a reliable basis. The results obtained by ELISA were also reliable, with an estimated Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.82 between the two methods. This coefficient for the different groups (0.88, 0.79 and 0.49 for groups 1, 2 and 3, respectively) showed greater reliability for the test with dilutions closer to I50.

Polysiloxane/PVA-glutaraldehyde hybrid composite as solid phase for immunodetections by ELISA

We developed an efficient method to prepare a hybrid inorganic-organic composite based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polysiloxane using the sol-gel disc technique. Antigen obtained from Yersinia pestis was covalently immobilized onto these discs with glutaraldehyde and used as solid phase in ELISA for antibody detection in serum of rabbits experimentally immunized with plague. Using 1.25 µg antigen per disc, a peroxidase conjugate dilution of 1:4,000 and a serum dilution of 1:200 were adequate for the establishment of the procedure. These values are similar to those used for PVA-glutaraldehyde discs, plasticized filter paper discs and the polyaniline-Dacron composite discs. This procedure is comparable to that which utilizes the adsorption of the antigen to conventional PVC plates, with the amount of antigen being one fourth that employed in conventional PVC plates (5 µg/well). In addition to the performance of the polysiloxane/PVA-glutaraldehyde disc as a matrix for immunodetection, its easy synthesis and low cost are additional advantages for commercial application.

Eficiência de um kit de ELISA na detecção e quantificação de aflatoxina M1 em leite e investigação da ocorrência no estado de Minas Gerais

Procedimentos para validação intralaboratorial de kits de ELISA foram adotados na verificação da eficiência de um kit para detecção e quantificação de aflatoxina M1 em leite. Foram realizados ensaios com soluções padrões fornecidas pelo kit, amostras artificialmente contaminadas e amostras naturalmente contaminadas. Os valores médios de recuperação obtidos para os padrões do kit apresentaram-se entre 85,6 e 114,8%, com valores de coeficiente de variação entre 11,6 e 23,1%. Nos ensaios com amostras artificialmente contaminadas, foi definida uma faixa ótima de trabalho para análises quantitativas entre 0,019 e 0,090µg/L. A presença de aflatoxina M1 em 110 amostras de leite do estado de Minas Gerais foi investigada. Cinco das 27 amostras positivas na triagem por ELISA foram confirmadas por cromatografia em camada delgada.

Comparação das técnicas de cromatografia em camada delgada e ELISA na quantificação de aflatoxinas em amostras de milho

A comparação das técnicas de Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) e cromatografia em camada delgada (CCD) por quantificação visual e densitométrica foi utilizada na determinação de aflatoxina total, em amostras de milho naturalmente contaminadas. Os teores de aflatoxina total encontrados pelas técnicas de CCD e ELISA, apresentaram maior freqüência na faixa de 0-30 mig/kg e acima de 300 mig/kg. Os resultados das amostras apresentaram coeficiente de variação concentrados abaixo de 20, 30 e 40% para a técnica de ELISA e CCD com quantificação densitométrica e visual, respectivamente. Os coeficientes de correlação foram altamente significativos para as relações entre as quantificações visual e densitométrica (r = 0,9219; t = 26,36; p < 0,001), ELISA e visual (r = 0,8277; t = 17,58; p < 0,001), ELISA e densitometria (r = 0,7373; t = 13,01; p < 0,001), na determinação de aflatoxina total em todas as amostras de milho pesquisadas, confirmando haver equivalência das técnicas estudadas.

Detecção rápida de Salmonella Enteritidis em alimentos por ensaio imunoenzimático ELISA

O método convencional de detecção de Salmonella spp., além de trabalhoso, consome longo tempo, necessitando-se normalmente de 4 a 5 dias para a confirmação da presença dessa bactéria no alimento. Portanto, o emprego de métodos rápidos e simples é importante para o diagnóstico laboratorial de toxinfecção alimentar e para o controle de qualidade. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi a padronização de ensaio imunoenzimático-ELISA para detecção de Salmonella Enteritidis em alimentos. O ensaio utilizou anticorpos policlonais para flagelina produzidos em coelho. O anti-soro apresentou pouca reação cruzada com os sorotipos de Salmonella e as diferentes espécies de enterobactérias testadas. A sensibilidade do ensaio foi de 10(4) células/mL, quando testado em cultivo puro. O conjugado peroxidase manteve-se estável durante dois meses a 4ºC e o seu uso deve ser exclusivamente durante este tempo. O ensaio padronizado apresentou simplicidade e rapidez, com sensibilidade de 1 célula/25g de maionese de batata e cenoura, após enriquecimento em água peptonada tamponada durante 24 horas a 37°C, sem necessidade de enriquecimento seletivo.

Validação intralaboratorial de método quantitativo para determinação múltipla de resíduos de avermectinas em leite bovino por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detecção de fluorescência

Um procedimento detalhado para validação intralaboratorial de métodos, incluindo delineamento experimental, estatísticas e avaliação de premissas foi proposto e aplicado à validação de um método para ensaio de avermectinas em leite bovino por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detector de fluorescência. Foram realizados ensaios com curvas de solventes e de matriz, amostras de leite bovino brancas e adicionadas. As premissas relacionadas às estatísticas empregadas foram avaliadas e confirmadas. Linearidade foi obtida entre 25 e 150 ng.mL-1. Não foram observados efeitos de matriz significativos nesta faixa. As médias de recuperação aparente variaram de 87,2 a 101,4%. Desvios padrão relativos sob condições de repetitividade estiveram entre 3,3 e 11,2%, enquanto os desvios padrão relativos de reprodutibilidade parcial foram de 7,4 a 14,7%. Estes resultados indicaram exatidão e precisão do método entre 10 e 30 µg.L-1 para os quatro analitos estudados. Os limites de detecção e quantificação experimentais foram 5 e 10 µg.L-1, respectivamente. Limites de decisão (12,6 a 13,7 µg.L-1) e capacidades de detecção (15,1 a 17,4 µg.L-1) foram estimados, assumindo um limite máximo de resíduo de 10 µg.L-1.