998 resultados para Orthographe approchée


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There are numerous genodermatoses and different types of transmission. Recent technological progress of molecular genetics allows to confirm or specify increasingly the clinical diagnosis and to better define the risk of recurrency. A close collaboration of dermatologists and geneticists has been established at CHUV since several years. By means of clinical examples we illustrate the organisation and procedures of this pluridisciplinary consultation which aims to optimize the clinical management of rare genetic diseases.

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Cet article prend pour objet les aspects pragmatiques de la carte géographique à travers un référentiel épistémologique ternaire explicite. Ainsi le regard sur la structure de la carte fait référence à une logique de juxtaposition|superposition/imbrication permettant d'aborder les questions d'échelle et de légende, les deux axes coordonnateurs structurant le champ de la représentation du territoire en carte. Leur interaction commande l'émergence, dans l'espace de l'entre-deux, du tiers concept diagonal, celui de l'implantation cartographique, la carte elle-même, obéissant à ses propres règles de représentation schématique.

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Numerous drug exposures do occur unintentionally at the beginning of pregnancy. On the other hand, pursuing drug treatment may be necessary in women who wish to be pregnant. In these situations risk evaluation has to be done in a precise and differentiated manner, taking into account at the same time the risk for the fetus and maternal health. Teratovigilance services are able to give a thorough information enabling to avoid unwarranted drug arrests or pregnancy terminations. In return, physician's catamnesis about the outcome of the pregnancy exposed to one or several therapeutic agents will increase the bulk of knowledge health professionals and pregnant women have at their disposal.

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The interest in sexuality of adolescents in medical practice is often mainly focussed on the onset of sexual intercourse and on the emergence of contraceptive needs, though the beginning of adolescence takes place much earlier with the first signs of puberty followed by the menarche. At the issue of this profound metamorphosis the adolescent needs to adapt herself to a modified, sexual body. Adolescence is also a time of identity development and of changes in relationships, which are influenced by gender role in family and perception related to gender during childhood. This article shows epidemiological data to consider and the main issues of gynaecologic consultation with the adolescent. The different stages of development depend on biological and environmental factors which either favour resilience or weaken the individual due to a lack of affection or to abusive relationships. Medical consultation for a gynaecological problem, questions on puberty and development or on contraception give medical professionals and especially gynaecologists a chance to address sexual issues naturally, to anticipate questions as well as contraceptive needs. The consultation with the adolescent includes also the screening for behaviour related to a lack of information or a personal or relational difficulty.

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RESUME : Dans de nombreux environnements professionnels, des travailleurs sont exposés à des bioaérosols, que ce soit des bactéries, champignons, virus ou fragments de microorganismes. Ces bioaérosols peuvent être responsables de maladies infectieuses (p.ex. légionellose), ou de maladies non infectieuses (touchant principalement les voies respiratoires). Cependant, pour une majorité des bioaérosols, les relations entre une exposition à une certaine dose et les effets sur la santé humaine sont peu connues. Ce manque de connaissances étant dû principalement à une absence de méthodes adéquates permettant de quantifier cette exposition. La real-time quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) est un outil basé sur la quantification du DNA dont le potentiel de quantification des bioaérosols dans des environnements professionnels n'a pas été exploré. Le but de ce travail est de développer une méthode de Q-PCR permettant de quantifier des bioaérosols - en particulier des bactéries - et d'appliquer ces techniques pour des mesures préventives sur les lieux de travail. Dans ce travail, la Q-PCR a été appliquée à 1a quantification de pathogènes, de groupes taxonomiques spécifiques et de la charge bactérienne totale dans des environnements de travail, stations d'épuration et élevages industriels de volailles. Nous avons montré que la Q-PCR : 1) est capable de quantifier des pathogènes difficilement cultivables si ceux-ci sont présents en concentration importante, 2) a le potentiel pour être un outil performant dans l'étude des communautés bactériennes présentes dans l'air d'environnements professionnels, 3) est aussi performante que le comptage total des bactéries par DAPI pour quantifier 1a charge bactérienne totale et est donc une alternative prometteuse aux techniques culture-dépendantes. La Q-PCR pourrait être utilisée afin d'établir des relations doses-réponses pour la charge bactérienne ; soit dans des populations de travailleurs hautement exposés (p.ex. les éleveurs de volailles), soit en exposant des cellules à des concentrations de bioaérosols mesurées par Q-PCR. ABSTRACT : Many workers are exposed to bioaerosols such as bacteria, fungi, viruses or fragments of microorganisms. These bioaerosols can be responsible of infectious (e.g. legionellosis) or non infectious diseases (mainly respiratory symptoms). However, for a majority of them, the relationship between exposure and effects on human health is not clearly established. This is mainly due to the lack of valid quantitative assessment methods. Real-time quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) is a tool based on the quantification of DNA, of which the potential for the quantification of bioaerosols in work environments has not yet been explored. The aim of this work was to develop a Q-PCR method permitting to quantify bioaerosols -mainly bacteria and to apply those techniques in occupational environments. In this work, Q-PCR was applied to the quantification of pathogens, of specific taxonomic groups and of the total bacterial load in two different occupational settings, namely wastewater treatment plants and poultry houses. We showed that Q-PCR : 1) is capable of quantifying difficult to cultivate pathogens; when they are present at high concentrations, 2) has the potential to be a useful tool for studying bacterial communities in the air of work environments, 3) is as efficient as epifluorescence for the quantification of total bacterial load, and is a promising alternative to the culture-dependent methods. Q-PCR could be used to establish doses-responses relationships for bacterial load, either in populations of highly exposed workers such as poultry farmers, or by exposing cells to concentrations of bioaerosols quantified with Q-PCR.

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Epiphyseal fractures of the distal humerus and their treatment are common, source of many complications that may be immediate but also delayed. If the families accept the possibility of trauma to their child as part of his leisure activities or sports at times intense, they are much more intolerant if their child does not return after injury and repair, optimal function and physical performance unchanged. This intolerance, faced with the trauma but not its consequences, requires us to be particularly careful in the information given to the patient but also in monitoring the first few weeks. The treatment of epiphyseal fractures remains difficult and must be performed by trained teams, aware of the subtleties of pathology. It is essential to organize close monitoring and critical to be able to correct errors or secondary displacement in the first 15 days.

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In the outpatient setting, the long-term management of cardiovascular risk factors is essential to prevent recurrent cardiovascular disease. Recent studies have shown an additional benefit of beginning cardiovascular secondary prevention during the hospital stay. Early, in-hospital initiation of proven beneficial medications, such as aspirin or blood lipid lowering drugs and therapeutic lifestyle change counseling, improves patients' long-term outcome, as long as there is continuity of care in the outpatient setting. A recent hospitalization may be a teachable moment, when patients are more likely to modify their health behaviors. The continuity of care between in-hospital medicine and the outpatient setting helps patients in the long-term management of their cardiovascular disease.

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Cette recherche articule des processus de socialisation et d'auto-sélection à partir d'une perspective de représentations sociales (RS). Les deux études présentées montrent comment le passage dans une filière universitaire, par un phénomène de socialisation qui succède à un processus d'auto-sélection, permet d'ancrer les prises de position dans des groupes. L'Etude 1 (N = 177) montre que les étudiant-e-s interrogé-e-s choisissent leur filière en fonction des études menées avant l'entrée à l'université, et que les étudiant-e-s en commerce et en droit prennent plus fortement position en faveur de l'économie libérale que les étudiant-e-s des sciences sociales et politiques et des lettres. Les résultats de l'Etude 2 (N = 92) indiquent que ces prises de position normatives sont stables au fil des ans en commerce et qu'elles remettent de plus en plus en question l'économie libérale en sciences sociales et politiques. Enfin, les prises de position dépendent de l'orthodoxie des connaissances économiques, une mesure de la perception de la valeur explicative des connaissances économiques qui est propre aux filières.