Gelman y la poesía norteamericana : Los poemas de Sidney West

En la década del sesenta Juan Gelman decidió ensayar otras voces poéticas y ser "traductor" de poetas de otras culturas. Si Leónidas Lamborghini escoge el canto paralelo, la para-oda, la parodia, para distanciarse críticamente (y homenajear) a la poesía nacional, Juan Gelman intenta sumergirse en la subjetividad de poesía rebelde y contestataria norteamericana e imaginar un poeta posible, Sidney West. El género elegido es el lamento, la elegía. Sus personajes son seres rechazados por su cultura, poetas incomprendidos en una sociedad materialista y consumista, que ignora la sensibilidad del poeta y hace de él su víctima. La mirada de Gelman es doble: es una visión de la poesía rebelde norteamericana de los sesenta, y una crítica al capitalismo materialista y al imperialismo destructor. Valiéndose de la ficción de ser el poeta norteamericano Sidney West escapa de la autocensura para liberar su propia imaginación en una poesía elegíaca exaltada, que es a la vez trágica y cómica, lírica y crítica. En mi trabajo analizaré este libro de Gelman, en relación al resto de su obra y a la poesía argentina de la década

Tradición y reescritura en la poesía de Ángel González

Pensar la poesía de Ángel González, unos de los principales exponentes del "medio siglo" español, supone situarnos en la encrucijada de dos universos poéticos complementarios: por un lado, su inscripción - y, a la vez, renovación - en las poéticas sociales de posguerra y, por otro, la lectura y los ejercicios de reescritura que, desde la retórica, realiza respecto de la tradición lírica española. Esta segunda esfera interesará al presente trabajo, fruto parcial de un proyecto mayor, en el que se aborda la poesía de González advirtiendo la recuperación y reescritura de algunos géneros y tipos textuales de larga data en la tradición poética: égloga, oda, soneto, canción, entre otros. Tal perspectiva supone advertir los cruces, préstamos, renovaciones, distorsiones que la poesía gonzaliana realiza respecto de la tradición heredada, en una poética que no rechaza sino retoma de modo novedoso el legado precedente.

El Proemio del Libro IV de las Odas de Horacio

Este artículo se ocupa de la oda 4, 1 de Horacio. En primer lugar, el autor considera que esta oda posee un claro valor programático: en este libro se encontrará nuevamente poesía amorosa, a pesar de lo sostenido en los versos iniciales de la oda 3, 26 Y en la primera epístola. Sigue luego un comentario detallado de la oda, en el que se propone confirmar y ampliar tal interpretación. Se desarrolla especialmente el sentido de la súplica a Venus y el papel que cumple en tal súplica la juventud y riqueza de Paulo Máximo. En los dos últimos parágrafos se discuten la estructura del poema y su clasificación como apopompé, recusatio o renuntiatio amoris; también la característica que diferencia, aun considerando el poema como renuntiatio amoris, a Horacio de los poetas elegíacos

Gelman y la poesía norteamericana : Los poemas de Sidney West

En la década del sesenta Juan Gelman decidió ensayar otras voces poéticas y ser "traductor" de poetas de otras culturas. Si Leónidas Lamborghini escoge el canto paralelo, la para-oda, la parodia, para distanciarse críticamente (y homenajear) a la poesía nacional, Juan Gelman intenta sumergirse en la subjetividad de poesía rebelde y contestataria norteamericana e imaginar un poeta posible, Sidney West. El género elegido es el lamento, la elegía. Sus personajes son seres rechazados por su cultura, poetas incomprendidos en una sociedad materialista y consumista, que ignora la sensibilidad del poeta y hace de él su víctima. La mirada de Gelman es doble: es una visión de la poesía rebelde norteamericana de los sesenta, y una crítica al capitalismo materialista y al imperialismo destructor. Valiéndose de la ficción de ser el poeta norteamericano Sidney West escapa de la autocensura para liberar su propia imaginación en una poesía elegíaca exaltada, que es a la vez trágica y cómica, lírica y crítica. En mi trabajo analizaré este libro de Gelman, en relación al resto de su obra y a la poesía argentina de la década

Tradición y reescritura en la poesía de Ángel González

Pensar la poesía de Ángel González, unos de los principales exponentes del "medio siglo" español, supone situarnos en la encrucijada de dos universos poéticos complementarios: por un lado, su inscripción - y, a la vez, renovación - en las poéticas sociales de posguerra y, por otro, la lectura y los ejercicios de reescritura que, desde la retórica, realiza respecto de la tradición lírica española. Esta segunda esfera interesará al presente trabajo, fruto parcial de un proyecto mayor, en el que se aborda la poesía de González advirtiendo la recuperación y reescritura de algunos géneros y tipos textuales de larga data en la tradición poética: égloga, oda, soneto, canción, entre otros. Tal perspectiva supone advertir los cruces, préstamos, renovaciones, distorsiones que la poesía gonzaliana realiza respecto de la tradición heredada, en una poética que no rechaza sino retoma de modo novedoso el legado precedente.

Petonii Curiosa Felicitas : La función de las citas en el discurso de Eumolpo (Sat. 118)

Este trabajo analiza el fenómeno intertextual de la ?cita? en Petronio, Sat. 118, donde el poeta de la obra, Eumolpo, expone su particular ?ars poetica?. En este discurso, Eumolpo cita los nombres de Homero, Virgilio y Horacio, al tiempo que cita el primer verso de la Oda 3.1 del Venusino, lo que evidencia que el poetastro tiene muy en cuenta la figura horaciana. El análisis de las citas en este pasaje se relaciona con que Petronio es un autor que alude constantemente, pero que cita muy rara vez, por lo que, cuando lo hace, se debe prestar mucha atención

Horacio, Vir Mercurialis

Examinamos la configuración de Mercurio en la poesía horaciana. Si bien es heredada en parte de la tradición homérica e hímnica griega, su presencia en el poeta de Venusa excede el arquetipo helénico, que es recepcionado depurándose de ciertos rasgos, atenuados y nobilizados ya desde las Sátiras, para culminar en las Odas, o bien adquiriendo algunos rasgos nuevos motivados por sus experiencias individuales, u otros de insospechada dimensión política en vinculación con Augusto (Oda I, 2)

Calcium carbonate, organic carbon, d13C and C/N composition of ODP Sites 186-1150 and 186-1151

Past changes in sea-surface productivity in the Oyashio Current are evaluated on the basis of abundances of biological constituents in sediments from Leg 186 sites. Organic carbon contents at Sites 1150 and 1151 are moderate (0.5 to 1.5 wt%) and have an algal origin as indicated by low C/N ratios (<10) and by carbon isotopic compositions ranging from -23.4 to -21.3. A decreasing trend in organic carbon contents, carbon isotope ratios, and C/N ratios occurs with depth at both sites, probably as a consequence of diagenetic degradation of organic matter. Mass accumulation rates (MARs) determined for organic carbon and carbonates at Sites 1150 and 1151 show an abrupt increase between ~5 and 7 Ma. Similar results have been reported for sites in the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean for the same time interval. As it has been previously suggested, the observed increase in MAR for both carbonate and organic carbon at Leg 186 sites probably resulted from augmented nutrient supply either from continental sources or from a more vigorous ocean circulation.

Sable oxygen isotope and Mg/Ca ratios of planktonic foraminifera from DSDP Hole 31-292

This study presents new evidence of when and how the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) was established in its present form. We analyzed planktic foraminifera, oxygen isotopes, and Mg/Ca ratios in upper Miocene through Pleistocene sediments collected at Deep Sea Drilling Program (DSDP) Site 292. These data were then compared with those reported from Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 806. Both drilling sites are located in the western Pacific Ocean. DSDP Site 292 is located in the northern margin of the modern WPWP and ODP Site 806 near the center of the WPWP. Three stages of development in surface-water conditions are identified in the region using planktic foraminferal data. During the initial stage, from 8.5 to 4.4 Ma, Site 806 was overlain by warm surface water but Site 292 was not, as indicated by the differences in faunal compositions and sea-surface temperature (SST) between the two sites. In addition, the vertical thermal gradient at Site 292 was weak during this period, as indicated by the small differences in the delta18O values between Globigerinoides sacculifer and Pulleniatina spp. During stage two, from 4.4 to 3.6 Ma, the SST at Site 292 rapidly increased to 27 °C, but the vertical thermal gradient had not yet be strengthened, as shown by Mg/Ca ratios and the presence of both mixed-layer dwellers and thermocline dwellers. Finally, a warm mixed layer with a high SST ca. 28 °C and a strong vertical thermal gradient were established at Site 292 by 3.6 Ma. This event is marked by the dominance of mixed-layer dwellers, a high and stable SST, and a larger differences in the delta18O values between G. sacculifer and Pulleniatina spp. Thus, evidence of surface-water evolution in the western Pacific suggests that Site 292 came under the influence of the WPWP at 3.6 Ma. The northward expansion of the WPWP from 4.4 to 3.6 Ma and the establishment of the modern WPWP by 3.6 Ma appear to be closely related to the closure of the Indonesian and Central American seaways.

Miocene to Pleistocene diatom biostratigraphy with a focus on Thalassiosira in sediments of ODP Leg 186 sites

Late Neogene biostratigraphy of diatoms has been investigated from two sites occupied during Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Leg 186 off the coast of northeast Japan. A unique aspect of ODP Leg 186 was the installation of two permanent borehole geophysical observatories at the deep-sea terrace along the Japan Trench. The Neogene subsidence history of the forearc was documented from both Sites 1150 and 1151, and Quaternary to middle Miocene (16 Ma) sediments represent a nearly continuous stratigraphic sequence including numerous ash records, especially during the past 9 m.y. Diatoms are found in most samples in variable abundance and in a moderately well preserved state throughout the sequence. The assemblages are characterized consistently by age-diagnostic species of Denticulopsis and Neodenticula found in regions of high surface water productivity typical of middle to high latitudes. The Neogene North Pacific diatom zonation divides the Miocene to Quaternary sequences fundamentally well, except that the latest Miocene through early Pliocene Thalassiosira oestrupii Subzone is not applicable. Miocene and late Pliocene through Pleistocene diatom datum levels that have been proven to be of great stratigraphic utility in the North Pacific Ocean appear to be nearly isochronous within the level of resolution constrained by core catcher sample spacing. The taxonomy and stratigraphy of previously described species determined to be useful across the Miocene/Pliocene boundary have been investigated on the basis of the evolutionary changes within the Thalassiosira trifulta group. The biostratigraphically important forms belonging to the genus Thalassiosira have been illustrated with scanning electron micrographs.

Stable isotope ratios and geochemical composition of authigenic carbonates from ODP Sites 186-1150 and 186-1151

Several carbonaceous layers or fragments were recovered from sediments of Sites 1150 and 1151 on the deep-sea terrace of the Japan Trench during Leg 186. The X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) data indicate that these are predominantly dolomitic. In this study, carbon and oxygen isotopes of these carbonates recovered at Sites 1150 and 1151 are presented. The oxygen isotope ratios of the dolomites analyzed range from +0.4 per mil to +4.1 per mil vs. Peedee formation belemnite (PDB) and those of calcites from +0.6 per mil to +2.8 per mil PDB. The isotopic composition of carbon varies from -7.0 per mil to +12.3 per mil PDB in dolomite and from -13.4 per mil to -24.1 per mil PDB in calcite. The wide range of carbon isotopic compositions indicates that the carbonate samples were formed by the decomposition of organic matter through reactions such as oxidation, sulfate reduction, and methane formation during diagenesis.

Alkenone composition, UK'37 index, and carbon, sulphur, nitrogen and element oxides of ODP Site 186-1151

Ocean Drilling Program (ODP) Site 1151 (Sacks, Suyehiro, Acton, et al., 2000, doi:10.2973/odp.proc.ir.186.2000) is located in an area where the surface water mass is influenced by both the Kuroshio and Oyashio Currents. The site also receives a relatively high flux of detrital materials from riverine input from Honsyu Island and eolian input from Central and East Asia. We analyzed alkenones and alkenoates in the sediments to reconstruct alkenone unsaturation index (Uk'37)-based sea-surface temperature (SST), total organic carbon, and total nitrogen to estimate the terrigenous contribution by the C/N ratio during the last glacial-interglacial cycle. The major elements were also analyzed to examine the variation in terrigenous composition.

Calcareous nannofossil stratigraphy of sediments from ODP Holes 186-1150A and 186-1151C, Japan Trench

To assess the paleoceanographic potential of Leg 186 sediments, we investigated Quaternary calcareous nannofossil flora at Sites 1150 and 1151 in the Japan Trench. Because of the frequent occurrence of barren intervals and the lack of oxygen isotope data, a detailed paleoceanography is not feasible for these cores. We limited our study to the upper 26.07 m of the section from Hole 1150A and the upper 21.01 m of the section from Hole 1151C. The studied samples from Cores 186-1150A-1H through 3H are younger than 0.085 Ma. Core 186-1151C-1H (upper 1.92 meters below seafloor [mbsf]) is younger than 0.085 Ma, and samples between 2H-7, 5-7 cm, and 3H-CC, 5-7 cm, (9.99-21.01 mbsf) are older than 0.245 Ma and younger than 0.408 Ma.

Composite depth scales, ash layer correlations and splice tie points of ODP Site 186-1151

We present composite depth scales for the multiply cored intervals from Sites 1150 and 1151. These new depth scales place coeval strata recovered in cores from different holes at a single site into a common stratigraphic framework. At Site 1150, double coring between Holes 1150A and 1150B occurred over only a short interval between ~703 and 713 meters below seafloor (mbsf), but this is sufficient to tie the upper portion of the stratigraphic section cored in Hole 1150A to the lower portion cored in Hole 1150B. The upper ~100 m of the sedimentary section at Site 1151 was double cored with the advanced piston corer and partially cored with the rotary core barrel, resulting in the complete recovery of this interval. The composite depth scales were constructed using Splicer software to vertically adjust the relative depths of various cores from one hole to the depths from another hole so as to align distinct physical properties measured on cores. The magnetic susceptibility data was the physical property most easily correlated between holes, and therefore primarily used to create a composite depth scale and spliced stratigraphic section. The spliced section is a continuous stratigraphic section constructed from representative cored intervals from the holes at a site. Both the splice and the composite depth scale can be applied to other data sets from Site 1151 to provide a stratigraphically continuous and laterally consistent basis for interpreting lithologic features or data sets. The resulting composite scale showed a 30% improvement in correlation of the magnetic susceptibility data relative to the original mbsf depth scale, and comparable improvement when applied to the other data sets.