986 resultados para Negrone, Giulio, 1553-1625


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The creation of extended zones (EEZ's) has shifted some aspects of fisheries management and policy from the arena of international negotiations to the economic and political decision making process within the coastal state. The transition from a world of international commons to one of coastal state jurisdiction raises a variety of issues. The one of concern here is a broad welfare question: Given the transfer of assets from the international commons to the coastal state, how well (efficiently) has the state used these new assets to increase the flow of income and Gross National Product (GNP)?

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从计算机技术的角度出发,对植物形态学信息处理和应用,构成本文的思想,文中简略同顾了植物形态学术语的标准化的历史发展过程,对当前世界范围内在此领域的工作也作了概要般的总结,论述了计算机技术用十植物学应用和研究的重要性并提出了我国在此领域内开展工作的紧迫性和必要性。计算机的资源限制及植物信息特有的复杂性是这一领域发展的困难。因此,如何贮存植物信息?如何操作加工应用?才能充分利用计算机资源和植物信息资源成为本领域的核心问题。 本文基于上面的考虑,对植物形态学信息从基本的信息单位植物形态学术语出发,探求其分类结构,并从计算机技术的编码理论方面进行探讨.力图求得一个标准化的植物形态学描述分类群的术语编码集,提供一种实现描述的方法,并试验性地给出一种描述规范和格式,简单讨论一下实现语言处理,机器鉴定、数量分类的可能性,最后简单分析和对比了本工作和国际上的类似工作,并对本领域进行了简单的展望。

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Due to the keen interest in improving the high-speed and high-temperature performance of 1.3-μm wavelength lasers, we compare, for the first time, the material gain of three different competing active layer materials, namely InGaAsP-InGaAsP, AlGaInAs-AlGaInAs, and InGaAsN-GaAs. We present a theoretical study of the gain of each quantum-well material system and present the factors that influence the material gain performance of each system. We find that AIGaInAs and InGaAsN active layer materials have substantially better material gain performance than the commonly used InGaAsP, both at room temperature and at high temperature.

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植被和大气之间CO2通量的长期观测有助于理解陆地生态系统的碳循环及其控制机理,评价生态系统碳循环及其对未来气候变化的响应。本研究以中国北方克氏针茅草原为研究对象,以涡度相关法为主要技术手段,利用克氏针茅草原观测站碳通量的长期连续观测数据,探讨了环境因子在不同时间尺度上对克氏针茅草原光合生产力(GEP)、系统呼吸(Re)和净CO2交换(NEE)的影响,分析了克氏针茅草原碳通量的季节变化和年际碳收支动态。主要得到以下结论: (1) 温度和土壤水分是调控克氏针茅草原光响应曲线的关键环境因子。10-20oC是克氏针茅草原瞬时GEP的最适温度,15-20oC是日GEP的最适温度。GEP日总值随土壤水分的增加呈二次曲线关系,当土壤含水量(SWC)超过0.2 m3m-3时,GEP日总值不再增加。 (2) 克氏针茅草原Re同时受温度和土壤水分的控制。降雨脉冲对短期系统呼吸有激发作用。Lloyd & Taylor方程对Re的拟合效果好于指数方程。 (3) 克氏针茅草原表现出白天净碳吸收和夜间净碳释放的日变化特征,并且往往出现上午碳吸收强、下午碳吸收弱的不对称现象。降雨的季节分布通过SWC的季节变异间接影响克氏针茅草原NEE的季节变化。在日尺度上,NEE主要受温度和土壤水分的控制,10-20oC的空气温度有助于克氏针茅草原吸收CO2。在月尺度上,NEE主要受土壤水分的控制。 (4) 生长季的长度是决定克氏针茅草原源汇变化的关键因子。 (5) 克氏针茅草原的GEP、Re和NEE都具有非常明显的季节变化。冬季或干旱胁迫下量级较低,温暖和湿润季节的量级较高。干旱胁迫同时抑制植被的GEP和Re,对GEP的抑制强度更大,随着土壤水分的下降,不同尺度的NEE累积值逐渐向正值转变,即生态系统由碳汇转变为碳源。 (6) 克氏针茅草原2005年降雨量只有174mm,当年GEP和Re也是三年中最低的,只有101和169gCm-2yr-1;2006年降雨量为215mm,GEP和Re是三年中最强的,分别为149 和187gCm-2yr-1;2004年降雨量为297mm,接近多年平均,但大部分降雨发生在8、9月份,GEP和Re分别为141和190gCm-2yr-1。 (7) 克氏针茅草原在2004、2005和2006年碳收支分别为:49、68和37 gCm-2yr-1。未来全球气候的变暖可能对克氏针茅草原的碳汇功能产生负面影响,降雨的季节不均匀分布可能加强这种影响。

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Microfabricated cantilevers have recently attracted considerable attention as novel label-free chemical and biological biosensors which translate surface reactions into nanomechanical bending motion. However these studies have primarily focused on commercially available silicon cantilevers and relatively little work has been performed on cantilevers fabricated from other materials. Polymeric materials, offer significant advantages over silicon by virtue of the low Young's modulus, ease of microfabrication and reduced cost. In this paper, we report a non-vacuum fabrication process to produce arrays of SU8 cantilevers and demonstrate their application as chemical sensors using in situ reference cantilevers. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.