La reforma de la enseñanza en Francia.

Tras la segunda guerra mundial, Francia necesitaba reformar la enseñanza para adaptarla a los tiempos modernos. Tres series de disposiciones se prevén para remediar esta situación: I..La escolaridad obligatoria hasta los dieciocho años, con enseñanza elemental hasta los once años y enseñanza media, de once a trece años; II. La enseñanza no obligatoria para los alumnos mayores de dieciséis años que han optado por la enseñanza general que dura más de cinco años con varias ramas o por la profesional, que empieza a los catorce años y por último, el bachillerato. Examen público con dos partes. Pero ahora cambios, ya que no es necesario el título de bachiller para entrar en la enseñanza superior, ni para los diplomas de técnicos. Y la enseñanza superior. III. Subsidios de estudios: innovación importante en lo que se refiere a la ayuda del Estado a los estudiantes. Última disposición importante.

La educación y la enseñanza en Francia.

Texto en francés

El tesoro artístico devuelto por Francia.

En este reportaje se analiza el intercambio de obras de arte que surgió a través de un acuerdo bilateral entre España y Francia, debido a los expolios que el patrimonio artístico y cultural español sufrió desde tiempos de Napoleón. Con el Convenio Hispano-Francés se pudo recuperar la 'Dama de Elche', que se exponía en el Louvre; parte del 'Tesoro visigótico de Guarrazar'; los relieves ibéricos de Osuna; algunas piezas del Cerro de los Santos; 'La Inmaculada' de Murillo y 51000 documentos del Archivo de Simancas referentes a las relaciones hispano-francesas.

Tolitarismo y enseñanza de la Historia en la III República Francesa : la perspectiva de Simone Weil

Resumen basado en el de la publicación.

Identification of Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-IB in lettuce, AG 4 HG-I in tomato and melon, and AG 4 HG-III in broccoli and spinach, in Brazil

Fungi isolated in Brazil, from lettuce, broccoli, spinach, melon and tomato, were identified as Rhizoctonia solani. All lettuce isolates anastomosed with both AG 1-IA and IB subgroups and all isolates from broccoli, spinach, melon and tomato anastomosed with AG 4 subgroup HG-I, as well as with subgroups HG-II and HG-III. DNA sequence analyses of ribosomal internal transcribed spacers showed that isolates from lettuce were AG 1-IB, isolates from tomato and melon were AG 4 HG-I, and isolates from broccoli and spinach were AG 4 HG-III. The tomato isolates caused stem rot symptoms, the spinach, broccoli and melon isolates caused hypocotyl and root rot symptoms on the respective host plants and the lettuce isolates caused bottom rot. This is the first report on the occurrence in Brazil of R. solani AG 4 HG-I in tomato and melon, of AG 4 HG-III in broccoli and spinach and of AG 1-IB in lettuce.

CYP-450 isoenzymes catalyze the generation of hazardous aromatic amines after reaction with the azo dye Sudan III

This work describes the mutagenic response of Sudan III, an adulterant food dye, using Salmonella typhimurium assay and the generation of hazardous aromatic amines after different oxidation methods of this azo dye. For that, we used metabolic activation by S9, catalytic oxidation by ironporphyrin and electrochemistry oxidation in order to simulate endogenous oxidation conditions. The oxidation reactions promoted discoloration from 65% to 95% of Sudan III at 1×10-4molL-1 and generation of 7.6×10-7molL-1 to 0.31×10-4molL-1 of aniline, o-anisidine, 2-methoxi-5-methylaniline, 4-aminobiphenyl, 4,4'-oxydianiline; 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane and 2,6-dimethylaniline. The results were confirmed by LC-MS-MS experiments. We also correlate the mutagenic effects of Sudan III using S. typhimurium with the strain TA1535 in the presence of exogenous metabolic activation (S9) with the metabolization products of this compound. Our findings clearly indicate that aromatic amines are formed due to oxidative reactions that can be promoted by hepatic cells, after the ingestion of Sudan III. Considering that, the use of azo compounds as food dyestuffs should be carefully controlled. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd.

Silsesquioxane organofunctionalized with 4-amino-3-hydrazino-5-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole: preparation and subsequent reaction with silver and potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) for detection of l-cysteine

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)

Geschichte der Juden in Ulm : Festschrift zur Einweihung der Synagoge 12. September 1873

hrsg. von dem israelitischen Lehrerverein in Ulm. Von Friedrich Pressel

Der napoleonische Erlass von 1808 wegen der Vor- und Zunamen der Juden und seine Ausführung in Worms

von Max Levy

Raccolta degli atti dell'assemblea degli Israeliti di Francia e del regno d'Italia convocata à Parigi ... del 30 maggio 1806

publ. dal Diogene Tama

Das Napoleonische Dekret vom Jahre 1808 wegen der Vor- und Zunamen der Juden

von August Menninger

Validation of the IMPACT-III quality of life questionnaire in Swiss children with inflammatory bowel disease

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) frequently manifests during childhood and adolescence. For providing and understanding a comprehensive picture of a patients' health status, health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instruments are an essential complement to clinical symptoms and functional limitations. Currently, the IMPACT-III questionnaire is one of the most frequently used disease-specific HRQoL instrument among patients with IBD. However, there is a lack of studies examining the validation and reliability of this instrument. METHODS 146 paediatric IBD patients from the multicenter Swiss IBD paediatric cohort study database were included in the study. Medical and laboratory data were extracted from the hospital records. HRQoL data were assessed by means of standardized questionnaires filled out by the patients in a face-to-face interview. RESULTS The original six IMPACT-III domain scales could not be replicated in the current sample. A principal component analysis with the extraction of four factor scores revealed the most robust solution. The four factors indicated good internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha=.64-.86), good concurrent validity measured by correlations with the generic KIDSCREEN-27 scales and excellent discriminant validity for the dimension of physical functioning measured by HRQoL differences for active and inactive severity groups (p<.001, d=1.04). CONCLUSIONS This study with Swiss children with IBD indicates good validity and reliability for the IMPACT-III questionnaire. However, our findings suggest a slightly different factor structure than originally proposed. The IMPACT-III questionnaire can be recommended for its use in clinical practice. The factor structure should be further examined in other samples.

Die Rechtsgeschichte der Juden in Württemberg 1806 - 1828 : Mit 3 Beilagen: Die Freudenthaler Judenordnung vom 1. Oktober 1731. - Die Hochberger Judenordnung vom 28. März 1780. - Der "Entwurf einer Ordnung für die Juden in den Kgl. Staaten vom 4. Juni 1808

von Paul Tänzer

Cuerpos femeninos, políticas y maternidad en Francia del SXVIII

Fil: Yutzis, Daniela. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.

Cuerpos femeninos, políticas y maternidad en Francia del SXVIII

Fil: Yutzis, Daniela. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educación; Argentina.